Inpathology,pathogenesis is the process by which adisease ordisorder develops. It can include factors which contribute not only to the onset of the disease or disorder, but also to its progression and maintenance.[1] The word comes from Ancient Greek πάθος (pathos) 'suffering, disease' and γένεσις (genesis) 'creation'.
Types of pathogenesis includemicrobialinfection,inflammation,malignancy andtissue breakdown. For example, bacterial pathogenesis is the process by which bacteria cause infectious illness.[citation needed]
Most diseases are caused by multiple processes. For example, certaincancers arise from dysfunction of theimmune system (skintumors andlymphoma after arenal transplant, which requiresimmunosuppression),Streptococcus pneumoniae is spread through contact with respiratorysecretions, such assaliva,mucus, orcough droplets from an infected person and colonizes the upper respiratory tract and begins to multiply.[2][3][4]
The pathogenic mechanisms of a disease (or condition) are set in motion by the underlying causes, which if controlled would allow the disease to beprevented.[5] Often, a potential cause is identified byepidemiological observations before apathological link can be drawn between the cause and the disease. The pathological perspective can be directly integrated into an epidemiological approach in theinterdisciplinary field ofmolecular pathological epidemiology.[6] Molecular pathological epidemiology can help to assess pathogenesis and causality by means of linking a potential risk factor to molecular pathologic signatures of a disease.[7] Thus, themolecular pathological epidemiologyparadigm can advance the area ofcausal inference.[8]
If the pathogenesis of a condition is not known, it is considered to be anidiopathic disease.
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