Pat Roberts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Roberts in 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| United States Senator fromKansas | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office January 3, 1997 – January 3, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Nancy Kassebaum | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Roger Marshall | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Member of theU.S. House of Representatives fromKansas's1st district | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office January 3, 1981 – January 3, 1997 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Keith Sebelius | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Jerry Moran | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Personal details | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Born | Charles Patrick Roberts (1936-04-20)April 20, 1936 (age 89) Topeka, Kansas, U.S. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Political party | Republican | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spouse | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Children | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Education | Kansas State University (BA) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Website | Senate website | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Military service | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allegiance |  United States | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Branch/service |  United States Marine Corps | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Years of service | 1958–1962 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rank | First Lieutenant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Roberts opening aSenate Intelligence Committee hearing on post-9/11 intelligence community restructuring. Recorded July 20, 2004 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Charles Patrick Roberts (born April 20, 1936) is a retired American politician and journalist who served as aUnited States senator fromKansas from 1997 to 2021. A member of theRepublican Party, Roberts served 8 terms in the U.S. House of Representatives, from 1981 to 1997, before his election to the Senate.
Born inTopeka, Kansas, Roberts is a graduate ofKansas State University. He served as a First Lieutenant in theU.S. Marine Corps and worked as a newspaper reporter before entering politics in the late 1960s. He was elected to theU.S. House of Representatives in 1980 to succeed1st District CongressmanKeith Sebelius, for whom he had worked. He served eight terms in the House, including one as chairman of theHouse Agriculture Committee.
Roberts was first elected to the U.S. Senate in 1996. On the Intelligence Committee, he was responsible for an investigation into the intelligence failures prior to the2003 invasion of Iraq. He was the dean of Kansas's congressional delegation and Chairman of theSenate Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry Committee (ANF). He is the first person to chair both the House and the Senate agriculture committees.[1]
On January 4, 2019, Roberts announced that he would not seek reelection in2020.[2] He was succeeded by RepresentativeRoger Marshall of Great Bend on January 3, 2021.
Roberts was born on April 20, 1936, inTopeka, Kansas,[3] the son of Ruth B. (née Patrick) andC. Wesley Roberts.[4][self-published source?] His father served for four months asChairman of the Republican National Committee underDwight D. Eisenhower. Roberts's great-grandfather, J.W. Roberts, was the founder of theOskaloosa Independent, which is the second-oldest newspaper in Kansas.
Roberts graduated in 1954 fromHolton High School inHolton, Kansas.[5] He went on to earn aBachelor of Arts degree injournalism fromKansas State University in 1958,[5] where he became a member of thePi Kappa Alpha fraternity.[6] From 1958 to 1962, he served as an officer in theU.S. Marine Corps, achieving the rank of First Lieutenant.[citation needed] Roberts was a reporter and editor for severalArizona newspapers between 1962 and 1967,[7] when he joined the staff of Republican Kansas SenatorFrank Carlson. In 1969, he became administrative assistant toKansas's 1st District CongressmanKeith Sebelius.[8]
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After Keith Sebelius announced his retirement, Roberts easily won the Republican primary, which wastantamount to election in the heavily Republican 1st District. He was re-elected seven times without serious difficulty, never receiving less than 60 percent of the vote; in 1988, he ran unopposed.
Roberts served as the chairman of theHouse Agriculture Committee from 1995 to 1997.
After Republican SenatorNancy Kassebaum declined to seek a fourth term, Roberts ran to succeed her. He easily won the Republican primary, defeating three minor candidates with 78% of the vote. In the general election, he faced DemocraticState Treasurer Sally Thompson.Term limits were an issue during the campaign; while Roberts said he was not totally opposed to term limits, he was wary of limits that did not apply to current members of Congress, saying the proposed limits should apply to everyone. While Thompson signed the national term limits pledge from the groupAmericans for Limited Terms, Roberts declined to do so, becoming the only major party candidate for the U.S. Senate in the1996 elections to not sign the pledge.[9] However, he did say that "I plan only to serve two terms in the U.S. Senate." Despite that stated intention, he eventually served four terms.[10]
In the general election, Roberts defeated Thompson by 652,677 votes (62.02%) to 362,380 (34.44%), almost certainly helped by the presence of former Kansas SenatorBob Dole atop the ticket as the Republican presidential nominee.
Roberts was opposed in the Republican primary by Tom Oyler, who had run against him in 1996. Roberts defeated him 84% to 16%. No Democratic candidate opposed him in the general election; he faced only Libertarian nominee Steven Rosile and Reform nominee George H. Cook, defeating them by 641,075 votes (82.52%) to 70,725 (9.10%) and 65,050 (8.37%), respectively.
Roberts was unopposed in the Republican primary and defeated the Democratic nominee, former CongressmanJim Slattery, in the general election by 727,121 votes (60.06%) to 441,399 (36.46%).
In the 2014 election, Roberts faced a hard-fought primary challenge from physicianMilton R. Wolf. Wolf received several endorsements from national organizations associated with the Tea Party movement. Roberts defeated Wolf in the Republican primary by 125,406 votes (48.12%) to 106,202 (40.75%). In the general election, for the second time in his tenure, Roberts did not face a Democratic opponent; Democratic nomineeChad Taylor withdrew from the race.[11] Roberts won the general election, obtaining 53.15% of the vote;IndependentGreg Orman received 42.53%, while Libertarian nominee Randall Batson received 4.32%.
Despite being the longest-serving member of the Kansas delegation, Roberts spent the first 14 years of his Senate career as Kansas'sjunior senator, sinceSam Brownback had taken office on election day 1996 to finish out Dole's term. However, after Brownback gave up his seat to make a successful run forgovernor, Roberts became Kansas's senior senator.
Roberts was a senior member of theSenate Armed Services Committee, chairing the Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities. This subcommittee oversaw themilitary's work in the area ofhomeland security and the efforts to prevent proliferation ofnuclear, chemical, and biological weapons.
After winning the 2008 Presidential election,Barack Obama nominatedTom Daschle forUnited States Secretary of Health and Human Services.[12] In February, after Daschle offered a public apology for his failure to pay income taxes on use of a luxury car and driver, Roberts declined to state his opinion of Daschle's explanation and stated that sentiment for the nomination in Kansas was "not especially good".[13] Daschle subsequently withdrew.
In March 2009, Roberts was one of fourteen senators to vote against a procedural move that essentially guaranteed a major expansion of a national service corps. The bill was estimated by the Congressional Budget Office to cost at least an outlay for the fiscal year 2010 of $418 million toward around $5.7 billion from 2010 through 2014.[14]
In May 2009, President Obama nominatedSonia Sotomayor for Supreme Court Associate Justice. Roberts had previously voted against Sotomayor with twenty-eight other Republicans when she was nominated for the Second Circuit Court of Appeals. In an interview shortly after the nomination, Roberts was asked if he would vote for Sotomayor to avoid being called a "bigot" and answered, "I’m a Marine and nothing much scares me. That's not going to be a consideration in my vote." Roberts stated his reasons for voting against Sotomayor in 1998 in a separate interview, and that he did "not plan to vote for her". Roberts's comments were significant for his being the first Republican to announce how he would vote on the Sotomayor nomination.[15] Sotomayor was confirmed in August in a vote of 68 to 31 with Roberts voting against the nomination.[16]
President Obama's top domestic agenda at the start of his presidency was to ensure health insurance for all Americans, which entailed Democrats in Congress scaling back their proposals in attempts to trim tens of billions of dollars a year from existing health programs. Roberts pushed back against a proposal by the Obama administration to use $600 billion of Medicare and Medicaid savings to pay for health care legislation, saying, "More cuts to Medicare? Let’s not do that right now, please."[17]
Roberts rose to the Chair of theCommittee on ANF in the 2014-2016114th Congress. He continued to chair the Committee for the duration of his tenure in the115th Congress and the116th Congress.
In June 2016, the "Roberts GMO bill" which had come out of the Committee on ANF was proposed as an amendment toPublic Law 114-214 byMitch McConnell.[18] Public Law 114-214 was also known to opponents as the DARK Act, for "Deny Americans the Right to Know" aboutGMO foods.[19][20][21]
In February 2019, when asked about comments by House Agriculture Committee ChairmanCollin Peterson regarding the passage of the reauthorization of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission and the Pesticide Registration Enhancement Act, Roberts stated his support for both, and in passing child nutrition reauthorization legislation.[22]
Roberts served as chairman of theDwight D. Eisenhower Memorial Commission, dedicating thememorial on September 17, 2020, after many years of planning.
In September 2020, with less than two months to the next presidential election, Roberts supported an immediate vote on President Trump's nominee to fill the Supreme Court vacancy caused by the death of justiceRuth Bader Ginsburg. Roberts argued that it was the "Senate’s constitutional duty to fill vacancies on the Supreme Court". Previously in March 2016, around seven months before the next presidential election, Roberts argued that President Obama's Supreme Court nominee should not be considered by the Senate, as the process would be "rushed", and that this was "about giving the American people and the next president a role in selecting the next Supreme Court justice" via the upcoming presidential election.[23]
During his tenure in the Senate, Roberts missed 130 (65%) of his Agriculture Committee meetings.[24] The Agriculture Committee is responsible for farm, nutrition and forestry issues.[25]
While participating in negotiations over the Republican-sponsoredAmerican Healthcare Act, Roberts was asked by Alice Ollstein if he supported a proposed revision to mandated coverage in the bill. He responded: "I wouldn't want to lose my mammograms."[26] This comment was widely condemned.[27][28] Roberts subsequently apologized.[29]
Roberts isanti-abortion,[30] opposessame-sex marriage,[31] and denied Americans the right to know aboutGMO foods as part ofPublic Law 114-214.
Roberts opposed PresidentBarack Obama's health reform legislation; he voted against theAffordable Care Act in December 2009,[32] and he voted against theHealth Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010.[33]In September 2017, Roberts supported the Graham-Cassidy healthcare bill. When interviewed about why he supported it, Roberts repeatedly refused to say why he thought the bill was good, and avoided speaking about the bill's policy contents. Instead, he said he supported the bill because it was the last best chance to repeal Obamacare.[34]
Roberts introduced a biotech labeling andGMO foods bill on February 19, 2016. The bill aims to establish a standardized voluntary labeling plan that would block the state ofVermont from enacting its mandatory genetic engineering labeling law on July 1 of that year. In addition it seeks to promote "consumer acceptance of agricultural biotechnology". The Roberts GMO bill was supported by theGrocery Manufacturers of America, theFood & Agriculture, Biotechnology Innovation Organization, theAmerican Bakers Association, theInternational Dairy Foods Association, and theSnack Food Association amongst others in the face of the opposition for more than a decade of more than 90% of the public.[35][36][37][38][39][40] It was noted that theWorld Health Organization, theAmerican Medical Association, theNational Academy of Sciences and "the concerted advocacy of 107 concerned Nobel laureates" all were in favour of GMO foods. Thefait accompli fallacy was used by a writer forNational Geographic to conclude her article in favour of the Roberts bill,[41] whereas labeling of GMO food is mandated in at least 64 countries, including most European countries, China, Russia, Japan, Brazil, South Africa, and Australia.[19]
The bill was engrossed intoPublic Law 114-214. At the time, Vermont governorPeter Shumlin said that "For a Republican-controlled Congress that continually argues for states’ rights to act to take away Vermonters’ right to know what is in their food is the height of hypocrisy and a sad statement on the power of special interests in Congress." An environmental advocacy organization said that "the food lobby spent over $100 million in the fight to block GMO labeling in 2015".[41]
President Obama signed the bill into law on July 29, 2016.
Roberts worked to secure $15 million for research oncarbon sequestration.[42] On the topic ofglobal warming, Roberts has said, "There's no question there's some global warming, but I'm not sure what it means. A lot of this is condescending elitism."[43]
Roberts voted to confirmGale Norton asU.S. Secretary of the Interior, to exclude oil and gassmokestacks frommercury regulations, and to reclassify theEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) as a Cabinet department.[44]
In 2012, Roberts introduced an amendment that would open up theArctic National Wildlife Refuge to drilling for oil and approve theKeystone XL Pipeline.[45]
In 2017, Roberts was one of 22 senators to sign a letter[46] to PresidentDonald Trump urging the President to have the United States withdraw from theParis Agreement. According toOpenSecrets, Roberts has received over $415,000 from oil, gas and coal interests since 2012.[47]
In January 2014, Roberts introduced the Opportunities Created At the Local Level Act. The bill would allow states to freely choose without federal intervention in their education standards, testing and curricula.[48]
In February 2019, Roberts was one of twenty senators to sponsor the Employer Participation in Repayment Act, enabling employers to contribute up to $5,250 to the student loans of their employees as a means of granting employees relief and incentivizing applicants to apply to jobs with employers who implement the policy.[49]
Roberts supports thePatriot Act, and the President's authority for warrantless surveillance.[31][50] Roberts was the only senator blocking the nomination of Army SecretaryEric Fanning.[51] Roberts's refusal to lift his hold on the nomination until President Obama promised to never move anyone from theGuantanamo Bay detention camp toFort Leavenworth drew criticism on the Senate floor from Armed Services Committee ChairmanJohn McCain, who noted that theUnited States Secretary of the Army has no control over the detainees.[52]
The 2004Intelligence Authorization Act saw the creation of thePat Roberts Intelligence Scholars Program. The program links undergraduate and graduate students with US security and intelligence agencies" by providing funding to selected US students entering university, in return for a commitment to join the agency for at least 18 months on graduation.[53] PRISP is a decentralized program which funds students through various intelligence agencies.[54]
As chairman of the U.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, Roberts was responsible for the committee's investigation into the intelligence failures prior to the2003 invasion of Iraq. The first half of theSenate Report of Pre-war Intelligence on Iraq was released on July 9, 2004. The second half, according to language voted on by the full Committee, consists of five parts including: whether public statements and reports and testimony regarding Iraq by U.S. Government officials made between the Gulf War period and the commencement of Operation Iraqi Freedom were substantiated by intelligence information; the postwar findings about Iraq's weapons of mass destruction and weapons programs and links to terrorism and how they compare with prewar assessments; prewar intelligence assessments about postwar Iraq; any intelligence activities relating to Iraq conducted by the Policy Counterterrorism Evaluation Group (PCTEG) and the Office of Special Plans within the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy; and the use by the Intelligence Community of information provided by the Iraqi National Congress (INC).
A member of theHouse of Representatives at the time, Roberts voted against Ronald Reagan's1986 immigration limited amnesty bill.[55]
In June 2018, Roberts was one of 13 Republican senators to sign a letter toU.S. Attorney GeneralJeff Sessions requesting a moratorium on theTrump administration family separation policy while Congress drafted legislation.[56] He is in favor of increasing border patrols to reduce undocumented immigrant flow.[57]
In May 2018, Roberts voted against a bill that would reinstate net neutrality rules and thereby overturn the FCC's repeal via a law authorizing Congress to reverse regulatory actions by a simple majority vote.[58]
In March 2019, Roberts was a cosponsor of a bipartisan bill to undo a drafting error in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act that mandated stores and restaurants to have to write off the costs of renovations over the course of 39 years via authorizing businesses to immediately deduct the entirety of costs of renovations.[59]
In March 2019, Roberts was a cosponsor of a bipartisan resolution led byGary Peters andJerry Moran that opposed privatization of theUnited States Postal Service (USPS), citing the USPS as an establishment that was self-sustained and noting concerns that a potential privatization could cause higher prices and reduced services for customers of USPS with a particular occurrence in rural communities.[60]
Roberts has an "A" grade from theNational Rifle Association of America (NRA) for his consistent, ongoing support of pro-gun legislation. The NRA endorsed Roberts in the 2014 election; the NRA-Political Victory Fund chairman said, "Pat is the only ally and battle-tested candidate in this race who has consistently protected our Second Amendment freedoms."[61] Since 1998, the NRA has provided Roberts $23,800 in donations.[62]
One month after theOrlando nightclub shooting Roberts voted for two Republican-backed proposals on gun policy:Chuck Grassley's amendment to increase funding forbackground checks andJohn Cornyn's policy that would have put a 72-hour hold on any terrorist suspect buying a gun. He voted against both the Democrat's policies, including the Feinstein Amendment, which banned suspected terrorists from buying guns.[63] Roberts voted against the Manchin-Toomey amendment to expandbackground checks for gun purchases.[64]
In the immediate aftermath of the2017 Las Vegas shooting, Roberts said it was "too early" to discuss gun policy change.[65]
In February 2018, after theStoneman Douglas High School shooting in which 17 were killed, Roberts came out in favor of age limits on theAR-15, the weapon used at the high school shooting. Roberts said, "Certainly nobody under 21 should have an AR-15. I don't know why anybody would want an AR-15 unless they're going to take one out on the shooting range."[66][67][68]
In January 2019, Roberts was one of thirty-one Republican senators to cosponsor the Constitutional Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act, a bill introduced byJohn Cornyn andTed Cruz which would grant individuals with concealed carry privileges in their home state the right to exercise this right in any other state with concealed carry laws while concurrently abiding by that state's laws.[69]
In December 2010, Roberts voted against the ratification ofNew START,[70] a nuclear arms reduction treaty between the United States andRussian Federation obliging both countries to have no more than 1,550 strategic warheads as well as 700 launchers deployed during the next seven years along with providing a continuation of on-site inspections that halted whenSTART I expired the previous year. It was the first arms treaty with Russia in eight years.[71]
In September 2016, Roberts was one of thirty-four senators to sign a letter toUnited States Secretary of StateJohn Kerry advocating for the United States using "all available tools to dissuade Russia from continuing its airstrikes in Syria that are clearly not in our interest" and saying there should be clear enforcement by the US of the airstrikes violating "a legally binding Security Council Resolution".[72]
In June 2017, Roberts voted against a resolution byRand Paul andChris Murphy that would block President Trump's $510 million sale of precision-guided munitions to Saudi Arabia which made up a portion of the $110 billion arms sale Trump announced during his visit to Saudi Arabia the previous year.[73][74]
In March 2018, Roberts voted to table a resolution spearheaded byBernie Sanders,Chris Murphy, andMike Lee that would have required President Trump to withdraw American troops either in or influencingYemen within the next thirty days unless they were combatingAl-Qaeda.[75]
In July 2019, Roberts was one of sixteen Republican senators to send a letter to Acting Office of Management and Budget (OMB) DirectorRussell Vought, Acting White House Chief of StaffMick Mulvaney, and Treasury SecretarySteven Mnuchin encouraging them to work with them to prevent a continuing resolution "for FY 2020 that would delay the implementation of the President's National Defense Strategy (NDS) and increase costs" and that the year long continuing resolution suggested by administration officials would render the Defense Department "incapable of increasing readiness, recapitalizing our force, or rationalizing funding to align with the National Defense Strategy (NDS)".[76]
Roberts married Franki Fann in 1969. The couple has three adult children: David, Ashleigh, and Anne-Wesley.[77]
Roberts lives inAlexandria, Virginia.[78]The New York Times reported that the house Roberts claimed as his residence inDodge City, Kansas, is actually owned and occupied by campaign contributors C. Duane and Phyllis Ross.[79]
2014 United States Senate election in Kansas
| Pat Roberts (R) (inc.) 53.3% |
| Greg Orman (Ind.) 42.4% |
| Randall Batson (Lib.) 4.3% |
United States Senate Republican Primary election in Kansas, 2014
| Pat Roberts (R) (inc.) 48% |
| Milton Wolf (R) 40.7% |
| D.J. Smith (R) 5.7% |
| Alvin Zahnter (R) 5.3% |
2008 United States Senate election in Kansas
| Pat Roberts (R) (inc.) 60% |
| Jim Slattery (D) 36% |
2002 United States Senate election in Kansas
| Pat Roberts (R) (inc.) 82.5% |
| Steven Rosile (Lib.) 9.1% |
| George Cook (Reform) 8.4% |
United States Senate Republican Primary election in Kansas, 2002
| Pat Roberts (R) (inc.) 83.7% |
| Tom Oyler (R) 16.3% |
1996 United States Senate election in Kansas
| Pat Roberts (R) 62% |
| Sally Thompson (D) 34.4% |
| Mark S. Marney (Reform) 2.3% |
| Steven Rosile (Lib.) 1.2% |
United States Senate Republican Primary election in Kansas, 1996
| Pat Roberts (R) 78.2% |
| Tom Little (R) 8% |
| Thomas Oyler (R) 7.4% |
| Richard Cooley (R) 6.4% |
1994 Kansas 1st District United States Congressional Election
| Pat Roberts (R) (inc.) 77% |
| Terry L. Nichols (D) 23% |
1992 Kansas 1st District United States Congressional Election
| Pat Roberts (R) (inc.) 68% |
| Duane West (D) 29% |
| Steven Rosile (L) 2% |
1990 Kansas 1st District United States Congressional Election
| Pat Roberts (R) (inc.) 62% |
| Duane West (D) 37% |
1988 Kansas 1st District United States Congressional Election
| Pat Roberts (R) (inc.) 100% |
1986 Kansas 1st District United States Congressional Election
| Pat Roberts (R) (inc.) 76.5% |
| Dale Lyon (D) 23.5% |
1980 Kansas 1st District United States Congressional Election
| Pat Roberts (R) 62% |
| Phil Martin (D) 38% |
United States congressional delegations from Kansas
| U.S. House of Representatives | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Member of theU.S. House of Representatives fromKansas's 1st congressional district 1981–1997 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Ranking Member of theHouse Agriculture Committee 1993–1995 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by Kika de la Garza | Chair of theHouse Agriculture Committee 1995–1997 | Succeeded by |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by | Republican nominee forU.S. Senator fromKansas (Class 2) 1996,2002,2008,2014 | Succeeded by |
| U.S. Senate | ||
| Preceded by Nancy Kassebaum | U.S. Senator (Class 2) from Kansas 1997–2021 Served alongside:Sam Brownback, Jerry Moran | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Chair of theSenate Ethics Committee 1999–2001 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by Harry Reid | Ranking Member of theSenate Ethics Committee 2001–2003 | |
| Preceded by | Chair of theSenate Intelligence Committee 2003–2007 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Ranking Member of theSenate Agriculture Committee 2011–2013 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Ranking Member of theSenate Rules Committee 2013–2015 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Chair of theSenate Agriculture Committee 2015–2021 | Succeeded by |
| U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial) | ||
| Preceded byas Former U.S. Senator | Order of precedence of the United States as Former U.S. Senator | Succeeded byas Former U.S. Senator |
| Agriculture (1829–1857; 1863–1881) |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Agriculture and Forestry (1884–1977) | ||
| Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry (1977–) | ||
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