Indo-Aryan language spoken in Afghanistan
Pashayi orPashai (Persian: زبان پشه ای; Pashto: پشه اې ژبه) is a group ofIndo-Aryan languages spoken by thePashai people in parts ofKapisa ,Laghman ,Nangarhar ,Nuristan ,Kunar andKabul (Surobi District ) provinces in NortheasternAfghanistan .[ 2]
The Pashayi languages had no known written form prior to 2003.[ 3] [ 1]
Northeastern: Aret, Chalas (Chilas), Kandak,Korangal , Kurdar dialects Northwestern: Alasai, Bolaghain, Gulbahar, Kohnadeh, Laurowan, Najil, Nangarach, Pachagan, Pandau, Parazhghan, Pashagar, Sanjan, Shamakot, Shutul, Uzbin, Wadau dialects Southeastern: Damench, Laghmani, Sum, Upper and LowerDarai Nur , Wegali dialects Southwestern: Ishpi, Isken, Tagau dialects A grammar of the language was written as a doctoral dissertation in 2014.[ 4]
[h] is only phonemic in the Amla dialect. Sounds [f] and [q] can also occur, but only in loanwords and among Dari speakers. [ʂ] is more commonly heard among older speakers, but is lost among younger speakers, and is heard as a postalveolar [ʃ]. [ʐ] is more commonly heard among older speakers, but is lost among younger speakers, and is heard as a postalveolar [ʒ]. /ʋ/ is heard before front vowels /i e/. When occurring before or after central or back vowels /a u o/, it is heard as [w]. According to Masica (1991) some dialects have a /θ Only mid or low vowels have lengthened equivalents. /e/ can be heard as [ɛ] and /a/ can be heard as [ə] or [æ], in certain environments.[ 4]
^a b Northeastern atEthnologue (subscription required) Northwestern atEthnologue (subscription required) Southeastern atEthnologue (subscription required) Southwestern atEthnologue (subscription required) ^ Masica, Colin P. (1991).The Indo-Aryan Languages . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 440. ^ Yun, Ju-Hong (2003).Pashai Language Development Project: Promoting Pashai language, literacy and community development (PDF) . Conference on language development, language revitalization and multilingual education in minority communities in Asia. 6–8 November 2003. Bangkok, Thailand. Archived fromthe original (PDF) on 5 November 2018. Retrieved5 November 2018 . ^a b c d Lehr, Rachel (2014).A Descriptive Grammar of Pashai: The Language and Speech Community of Darrai Nur ISBN 978-1-321-22417-7 ProQuest 1620321674 .
Official languages Regional languages Minority languages Sign languages
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