ThePaschal troparion orChristos anesti (Koinē Greek:Χριστὸς ἀνέστη) is the characteristictroparion for the celebration ofPascha (Easter) in theByzantine Rite.
Like most troparia, it is a brief stanza often used as a refrain between the verses of apsalm, but is also used on its own. It is sung in the first plagal (or fifth)tone. Its author or date is unknown.
| Greek | Transliteration | English translation[1] | Poetic English translation by Vladimir Morosan |
|---|---|---|---|
Χριστὸς ἀνέστη ἐκ νεκρῶν, θανάτῳ θάνατον πατήσας, καὶ τοῖς ἐν τοῖς μνήμασι, ζωὴν χαρισάμενος! | Christós anésti ek nekrón, thanáto thánaton patísas, ké tís en tís mnímasi, zoín charisámenos! | Christ is risen from the dead, by death trampling death, and to those in the tombs granting life! | Christ is risen from the dead, trampling down death by death, and upon those in the tombs bestowing life! |
The first line paraphrases from1 Corinthians 15:20 (Νυνὶ δὲ Χριστὸς ἐγήγερται ἐκ νεκρῶν).[2] The troparion is part of the PaschalDivine Liturgy of the Byzantine Rite, and it was certainly in use in the 5th or 6th century.[2] Its ultimate origin is unknown; MetropolitanHilarion (Alfeyev) (2009) has suggested a 2nd-century origin.[3]
| Language | Translation | Transliteration |
|---|---|---|
| Albanian | Krishti u-ngjall se vdékuresh, me vdékjé vdékjén shkéli édhé te varrosurvé u fali jéten! | |
| Arabic | المسيح قام من بين الأموات و وطئ الموت بالموت و وهب الحياة للذين في القبور | Al-Masīh qām min baīni'l-amwāt Wa wati’ al-mawt bi'l-mawt Wa wahab al-hayāt Lil-ladhīna fī'l-qubūr! |
| Basque | Piztu da Kristo hiletarik, Hilez garbaitu du herioa, piztuz ateratzen gaitzu gure hobietarik! | |
| Belarusian (Cyrillic orthography) | Хрыстос уваскрос зь мёртвых, Сьмерцю сьмерць зваяваў І тым, што ў магілах Жыцьцё дараваў![4] | Khrystos uvaskros z' myortvykh, S'myertsyu s'myerts' zvayavaw I tym, shto w mahilakh Zhyts'tsyo daravaw |
| Belarusian (Latin orthography) | Chrystos uvaskros ź miortvych, Śmierciu śmierć zvajavaŭ I tym, što ŭ mahiłach Zyćcio daravaŭ | Khrystos uvaskros z' myortvykh, S'myertsyu s'myerts' zvayavaw I tym, shto w mahilakh Zhyts'tsyo daravaw |
| Bulgarian | Христос възкръсна от мъртвите, като със смърт смъртта потъпка и на тия, които са в гробовете, дарува живот. | |
| Chinese | E基督已經從死裡復活， 他的死勝過死亡， 把生命賜給已埋葬在墓中的人。 | jidu yijing cong sili fuhuo, ta de si shengguo siwang, ba shengming cigei yi maizang zai muzhong de ren. |
| Church Slavonic | Хс҄рсто́съ воскрє́сє ᾿иꙁъ мє́ртвъіхъ, смє́ртїю смє́рть попра́въ, ᾿и су́щимъ во гробѣ́хъ Живо́тъ дарова́въ. Paschal troparion in Royal Russian This language is not well-supported on many systems, so it may not appear as intended here. | Khristos voskrese iz mertvykh, Smertiyu smert poprav, E sushchim vo grobekh Zhivot darovav! |
| Church Slavonic Earlier version (currently only used by theOld Believers) | Хрїстосъ воскресе изъ мертвыхъ, Смертїю на смерть настѹпи, И грѡбным животъ дарова! | Khristos voskrese iz mertvykh Smertiyu na smert nastupi I grobnym zhivot darova! |
| Coptic | Ⲡⲓⲭ̀ⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲁϥⲧⲱⲛϥ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲏⲉⲑⲙⲱⲟⲩⲧ: ⲫⲏⲉ̀ⲧⲁϥⲙⲟⲩ ⲁϥϩⲱⲙⲓ ⲉ̀ϫⲉⲛ ⲫ̀ⲙⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲏⲉⲧⲭⲏ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ̀ϩⲁⲩ ⲁϥⲉⲣϩ̀ⲙⲟⲧ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲱⲛϧ ⲛ̀ⲉ̀ⲛⲉϩ. | Pekhrestos aftonf evol-khennee-ethmoot, fee-etaf-mo af-homy, ejen efmo owoh, nee etky khen-nee-emhaf, afer-ehmot no-oo empy-onkh en-eneh |
| Czech | Vstal z mrtvých Kristus, smrtí smrt překonal a jsoucím ve hrobech, život daroval! | |
| Dutch | Christus is opgestaan uit de doden, door Zijn dood vertreedt Hij de dood en schenkt het Leven aan hen in het graf! | |
| Eastern Armenian | K’ristos haryav i mereloc’. Mahvamb zmah koxeac’ yev merelyac’ kyank pargevec’av. | |
| Filipino | Si Kristo ay nabuhay mula sa mga patay, Sa pamamagitan ng kanyang kamatayan, nilupig niya ang kamatayan, At ang mga nasa himlayan Ay binigyan niya ng buhay! | |
| Finnish | Kristus nousi kuolleista, kuolemallaan kuoleman voitti ja haudoissa oleville elämän antoi. | |
| French | Le Christ est ressuscité des morts; par la mort, il a vaincu la mort; à ceux qui sont dans les tombeaux il a donné la vie! | |
| Georgian | ქრისტე აღსდგა მკვდრეთით, სიკვდილითა სიკვდილისა დამთრგუნველი და საფლავების შინათა ცხოვრების მიმნიჭებელი! | Kriste aghsdga mkvdretit, sikvdilita sikvdilisa damtrgunveli, da saplavebis shinata tskhovrebis mimnichebeli. |
| German | Christus ist auferstanden von den Toten hat den Tod durch den Tod zertreten und denen in den Gräbern das Leben geschenkt! | |
| Hawaiian | Ua ala a'e nei 'o Kristo mai ka moe lepo, e hehi ʻana i ka make ma o kona make a; i nā mea i loko o nā ilina e manawale'a ana aku i ke ola! | |
| Hungarian | Feltámadt Krisztus halottaiból, legyőzte halállal a halált, és a sírban lévőknek életet ajándékozott! | |
| Indonesian | Kristus t'lah bangkit dari mati Dengan matinya t'lah menginjak-injak maut Dan pada mereka yang di kuburan hidup dianugerahkan! | |
| Italian | Cristo è risorto dai morti, Con la morte ha vinto la morte, E a quelli nelle tombe Ha donato la vita! | |
| Japanese | ハリストス死より復活し、 死を以て死を滅ぼし、 墓に在る者に 生命を賜へり。 | Harisutosu shi yori fukkatsu shi, shi o motte shi o horoboshi, haka ni aru mono ni inochi o tamaeri. |
| Kapampangan | Y Cristo sinubli yang mebie qng Camatayan. Qng panga'mate na menagumpe ya qng Camatayan, at bi'nie na ing bie careng Maca'cutcut. | |
| Korean | 그리스도께서 부활하셨네 죽음으로 죽음을 멸하시고 무덤에 있는 자들에게 생명을 베푸셨나이다! | Geu'ri'seu'do-gge'seo bu'hwal-ha'shyeott'ne jug'eum-eu'ro jug'eum-eul myeol-ha'shi'go mu'deom-e itt'neun ja'deul-e'ge saeng'myeong-eul be'pu-shyeott'na'i'da! |
| Latin | Christus resurrexit a mortuis, Morte mortem calcavit, Et entibus in sepulchris Vitam donavit. | |
| Latvian | Kristus no miroņiem augšāmcēlies, Nāvi ar nāvi iznīcinājis Un tiem, kas kapos, Dzīvību dāvinājis! | |
| Lithuanian | Kristus prisikėlė iš numirusių, Savo mirtimi mirtį nugalėjo, Mirusiems gyvybę dovanojo | |
| Palauan | Kristus a mla mekiis ra kodall, Sirreihi a kodall loba kodall, el kirel ar ngara debull el nguu a klengar. | |
| Pingelapese | Krais isada sang mehla, kaluwehdiehr mehla pwehki ah pwoula, oh ketkiheng irail nan sousou mour. | |
| Polish | Chrystus powstał z martwych, śmiercią podeptał śmierć i będącym w grobach życie dał! | Khristoos povstaoo z martvykh, Smercioo podeptaoo smierts, E bendontsim v grobah Zhitse daoo! |
| Portuguese | Cristo ressuscitou dos mortos, pisando a morte com a morte, e dando a vida aos sepultados. | |
| Romanian | Hristos a înviat din morţi, Cu moartea pre moarte călcând, Şi celor din morminte, Viaţă dăruindu-le! | |
| Serbian | Христос васкрсе из мртвих, смрћу смрт уништи, и онима који су у гробовима, живот дарова! | Hristos vaskrse iz mrtvih, Smrcu smrt unisti, I onoma koji su u grobovima, zivot darova! |
| Slovak | Kristus slávne vstal z mŕtvych, smrťou smrť premohol a tým, čo sú v hroboch život daroval! | |
| Slovenian | Kristus je vstal od mrtvih, z vstajenjem je premagal smrt in tistim, ki so v grobovih, je daroval življenje! or, Kristus je vstal od mrtvih, z vstajenjem je premagal smrt, in dal življenje mrtvim v grobeh! | |
| Spanish | Cristo ha resucitado de los muertos, pisoteando la muerte por la muerte, y a los que están en los sepulcros dando la vida. or, Cristo ha resucitado de los muertos, por la muerte, la muerte hollando; y a los que están en las tumbas la vida dando. | |
| Turkish | Mesih ölülerden dirildi, ölüm ile ölümü tepeleyerek ve mezarda olanlara hayat bağışladı. | |
| Ukrainian | Христос воскрес із мертвих, смертю смерть подолав, і тим, що в гробах, життя дарував! | Khrystos voskres iz mertvykh, Smertiu smert podolav, I tym shcho v hrobakh Zhyttia daruvav! |
According to the testimony of the Jerusalemtropologion (oriadgari, an ancient hymnography surviving only in a Georgian translation of the 8th century[5]), the troparion was sung at the end of theEaster Vigil in the late ancient Jerusalem Easter liturgy.[2] Based on theTypikon of the Great Church, the troparion was part of the non-monastic liturgy at theHagia Sophia by the 10th century.[2]
In Finland, theOrthodox Church of Finland is a minority church. However, the Orthodox Easter Vigil has been broadcast on radio and television for decades, and so the troparion gradually became well-known to non-Orthodox Finns. In 1986, theEvangelical Lutheran Church of Finland – the largest religious denomination in the country — added the troparion to its revised officialhymnal, where it is hymn number 90, used for Easter. It is recommended to be sung three times in succession.[6]
AtPope Francis' funeral, after theLitany of the Saints, the patriarchs, archbishops, and metropolitans of theEastern Catholic Churches stood beside the coffin of Pope Francis for theSupplicatio Ecclesiae Orientalium (formerly known as theOfficio Defectorum inByzantine liturgy). After thrice chanting the Paschal troparion and chanting prayers, one of the patriarchs censed the coffin. This ritual was also performed at thefuneral of Pope John Paul II.[7][8][9][10]
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