Pasłęk | |
|---|---|
_ID_645082.jpg) Medieval town walls and the Mill Gate | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Pasłęk | |
| Coordinates:54°3′N19°40′E / 54.050°N 19.667°E /54.050; 19.667 | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship |  Warmian-Masurian |
| County | Elbląg |
| Gmina | Pasłęk |
| Established | 13th century |
| Town rights | 1297 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Elżbieta Wasiuk[1] |
| Area | |
• Total | 11.39 km2 (4.40 sq mi) |
| Population (2017[1]) | |
• Total | 12,298 |
| • Density | 1,100/km2 (2,800/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 14-400 14-401 14-402 |
| Area code | +48 55 |
| Vehicle registration | NEB |
| Climate | Dfb |
| Highways |  |
| Voivodeship roads |     |
| Website | http://www.paslek.pl |
Pasłęk (pronounced[ˈpaswɛŋk]; formerly known inPolish asHoląd Pruski,German:Preußisch Hollandⓘ,Old Prussian:Pāistlauks) is a historic town in northernPoland, withinElbląg County in theWarmian-Masurian Voivodeship. In 2017, the town had 12,298 registered inhabitants.
_ID_645082.jpg)
The oldest record of the name of the Pasłęk territory appears asPozolucensis provincia in a petition ofPolishDominicans toPope Gregory IX from 1231.[2] Later in the 13th and 14th century the settlement was mentioned in documents asPazluch,Pazlok,Paslok.[2] In 1393 it was mentioned by afrater Heinricus de Castro alias Pasloci. Pasłęk is one of two historic Polish names of the town and it derives from theOld Prussian place namePassis Lukis.
The second name is Holąd Pruski. The town in the place of the old settlement was founded by settlers imported fromHolland by theTeutonic Order in the late 13th century — hence the nameHollant orHolland,[2] later changed toPreußisch Holland, by adding theadjectivePreußisch meaning "Prussian". It is the oldest formerDutch settlement in present-day Poland. It is located in thePrussian historical region ofPogesania.
After the Polish victory at theBattle of Grunwald in 1410, the castle was plundered by the retreatingTeutonic Knights.[2] Then it was taken over by Poles without a fight.[2]
In 1440 the town joined thePrussian Confederation,[3] at the request of which KingCasimir IV Jagiellon signed the act of incorporation of the region to theKingdom of Poland in 1454.[4] The town joined Poland and recognized Polish rule.[5] During the subsequentThirteen Years’ War (1454–1466) it was briefly captured by the Teutonic Knights, but in 1456 it returned to Poland.[5] The town was successfully defended against the Teutonic Knights in 1463 and 1466.[5] After thepeace treaty signed inToruń in 1466, the town became part of Poland as afief held by the Teutonic Order's state.[6] During the lastPolish–Teutonic War, which broke out after the newly chosen Grand Master of the Teutonic Order refused to submit to the Crown of Poland, the town was captured and held by the Poles from 1520 until the dissolution of the Teutonic state in 1525.[3] Afterwards it became part of the secularDuchy of Prussia, a Polish fief until 1657. In 1526 a Lutheran parish was founded.[3] In 1534 a town school was established.[2]
In 1627 the town was captured by the Swedes and the next year it was captured by the Poles.[5] In 1635, peace negotiations betweenPoland andSweden took place in the town.[2][5] In 1655 it was captured again by the Swedes.[2] In 1659 it was besieged by Sweden again, but this time without success.[2][5] It was the location of "The Great Sleigh Drive", a military operation in 1678. In 1688 a horse post service connecting Marienburg (Malbork) with Königsberg (Kaliningrad) was led through the town.[3] Between 1758 and 1762 it was underRussian occupation.[2][7] In 1807 it was captured byNapoleonic troops.[7] French troops were stationed in the town in 1807 and 1812.[3] In 1818 Preußisch Holland became theseat of the district or county (landkreis) of the same name.[8] In 1831 the town suffered a flood.[7] In 1831, various Polish artillery units, engineer corps, sappers, honor guards and general staff of theNovember Uprising stopped in the town on the way to their internment places.[9]
Part of theKingdom of Prussia since 1701, it became part of theGerman Empire in 1871. Following the defeat of Germany in theFirst World War and theVersailles Treaty the town remained the seat of Landkreis Preußisch Holland withinWeimar Germany's exclaveEast Prussia. With the arrival of theRed Army on 23 January 1945, and the end of the war, the town became again part of Poland, although with a Soviet-installedcommunist regime, which stayed in power until the 1980s. It was handed over to Polish administration on 1 June 1945 and renamed to the historic namePasłęk on 7 May 1946.[10] The remaining ethnic Germans wereexpelled in accordance with thePotsdam Agreement in several transports within the following year, e.g. 149 people on 4 September and 89 on 4 October 1947. A transport of 80 children from an orphanage, many of them survivors of theGrünhagen railway accident orwartime evacuees, left in May 1947. As of 1950, 373 pre-war inhabitants lived in the area, a number reduced to 20 in 1958.[11] The town was repopulated byPoles, many of whom displaced from theformer eastern territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union.
In 1969, the "Pasłęczanka" Housing Cooperative was founded, which built the "Osiedle Ogrodowa" district.[3] In 1975 an economic and technical school was opened.[3]
Among the historic heritage of Pasłęk are:
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The PolishS7 expressway (highway), which is part ofEuropean route E77, runs through the town, connecting it withGdańsk,Warsaw,Kraków and the border withSlovakia atChyżne. Also theVoivodeship roads (roads of regional importance) 505, 513, 526 and 527 run through the town.
Also, a railway station is located in Pasłęk.
The town's main sports club is Polonia Pasłęk withfootball,athletics andkickboxing sections.[12]
Pasłęk istwinned with:
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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