| Parya | |
|---|---|
| Парйа | |
| Native to | Tajikistan,Uzbekistan,Afghanistan |
| Region | Gissar Valley,Surkhandarya basin |
Native speakers | 2,600 (2008–2017)[1] Tajikistan: 1,600 (2017)[1] Uzbekistan: 1,000 (2008)[1] Afghanistan: Extinct (no date)[1] |
| Official status | |
Official language in |  Tajikistan (inGorno-Badakhshan) |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | paq |
| Glottolog | pary1242 |
| ELP | Parya |
 Parya is classified as Severely Endangered by theUNESCOAtlas of the World's Languages in Danger | |
Parya (Tajik alphabet:Парйа) is an isolatedCentral Indo-Aryan language spoken in the border region betweenTajikistan andUzbekistan. There are several thousand speakers worldwide.
Parya is classified as aCentral Zone[2] language in theIndo-Aryan language family.[3]
Tajuzbeki (or Tadj-Uzbeki) was an alternative name coined by Bholanath Tiwari for the same language.[4] Much of the academic research in documenting and characterizing Parya was done by prominentSovietlinguistI. M. Oranski. The language may also be referred to as Afgana-Yi Nasfurush, Afghana-Yi Siyarui, Changgars, Laghmani, or Pbharya.[1]
SIL estimates that there may be between 2,500 and 7,500 speakers.[5][6]
The language is not officially recognized or used in schools[7] and is categorized as severely endangered.[8]
Parya is spoken in theHissor Valley of Tajikistan, west of Dushanbe, and the adjacentSurkhondaryo basin of Uzbekistan, including the towns ofHisor,Shahrinav,Regar/Tursunzoda, Surchi, Afghonobod, Qalai Hisor, Pravda Vostok, Boloi Kanal, and Kolkhozi Leninism.
The language is mostly spoken with one's family and relations, and it is almost always spoken in the homes of native speakers.[9]
Parya speakers tend to be bilingual in the dominant languages surrounding them,[10] but tend to exclusively use Parya at home.[1]
The Tajik language has increasingly influenced the Parya language.[11]
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar- Palatal | Retroflex | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n̪ | ɲ | ɳ | ŋ | ||||
| Stop/ Affricate | voiceless | p | t̪ | t͡ʃ | ʈ | k | q | ||
| aspirated | pʰ | t̪ʰ | t͡ʃʰ | ʈʰ | kʰ | ||||
| voiced | b | d̪ | d͡ʒ | ɖ | ɡ | ||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʃ | x | ||||
| voiced | v | z | ɣ | ||||||
| Flap | ɾ | ɽ | |||||||
| Approximant | l | j | ɦ | ||||||
Parya employs somevigesimal numeral counting patterns.[12][13]
| English | Parya | Hindi | Cognate Hindi words |
|---|---|---|---|
| one | yek | ek | |
| two | du | do | |
| three | tin | tīn | |
| four | char | cār | |
| five | panj | pāñc | |
| ten | dus | das | |
| twenty | bis | bīs | |
| seventy | sare tin bisi | sattar | sāṛhe tīn = three and a half; bīs = twenty |
| ninety | sare char bisi | nabbe | sāṛhe cār = four and a half; bīs = twenty |
