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Federal Parliament of Nepal संघीय संसद नेपाल | |
|---|---|
| 2nd Federal Parliament | |
 | |
| Type | |
| Type | |
| Houses | National Assembly (upper house) House of Representatives (lower house) |
| History | |
| Founded | 5 March 2018 (7 years ago) (2018-03-05) |
| Preceded by | Constituent Assembly of Nepal |
| Leadership | |
Ram Sahaya Yadav since 20 March 2023 | |
Vacant since 12 September 2025 | |
| Structure | |
| Seats | 334parliamentarians 59assemblymen 275representatives |
 | |
National Assembly political groups | |
| Elections | |
| Single transferable vote &First-past-the-post | |
| First-past-the-post &proportional representation | |
LastNational Assembly election | 25 January 2024 |
LastHouse of Representatives election | 20 November 2022 |
NextNational Assembly election | 2026 |
NextHouse of Representatives election | 5 March 2026 |
| Meeting place | |
| Kathmandu,Nepal | |
| Website | |
| www | |
| Constitution | |
| Constitution of Nepal | |
.svg) |
|---|
Executive:
Judiciary: |
Related topics |
 Nepal portal |
TheFederal Parliament of Nepal (संघीय संसद नेपाल,Saṅghīya Sansada Nēpāla) is thebicameralfederal and supremelegislature ofNepal established in 2018. It consists of theNational Assembly and theHouse of Representatives as parallel houses.
The former Parliament of Nepal was dissolved byKingGyanendra in 2002,[1] on the grounds that it was incapable of handling theMaoist rebels. The country's five mainpolitical parties had staged protests against the king, arguing that he must either call fresh elections or reinstate the elected legislature. In 2004, the king announced that parliamentary elections would be held within twelve months; in April 2006, in response to majorpro-democratic protests, it was announced that Parliament would be reestablished.[2]
After the success of the April 2006 people's movement on 15 January 2007 the old parliament was dissolved and replaced by a 330-memberinterim legislature of Nepal.[3] The legislature drafted an interim constitution and a constituent assembly election was heldin April 2008. The 601-member assembly on 28 May 2008 abolished the 238-year-old monarchy and declared the country a republic.[4] The constituent assembly, which was initially given two years to draft a new constitution, was dissolved on 27 May 2012 after its failure to draft a new constitution due to differences over restructuring the state.[5]
The second Nepalese Constituent Assembly was converted into a legislative parliament of Nepal after the promulgation of the constitution on 20 September 2015.[6] The second Nepalese Constituent Assembly was formed after the failure of the first Constituent Assembly to draft a new constitution. The Legislature Parliament of Nepal was dissolved on 21 January 2018 (7 Magh 2074BS).[7]
According to theConstitution of Nepal 2015,Nepal has atwo-chamber parliament (संसद), consisting of the House of Representatives and the National Assembly, with thePresident of Nepal acting as their head.[8]
ThePresident of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal (नेपालको राष्ट्रपति,Nēpālakō rāṣṭrapati) is thehead of state ofNepal and commander in chief of theNepalese Armed Forces. The office was created in May 2008 after the country was declared as a republic. The first President of Nepal wasRam Baran Yadav. The current president isRam Chandra Poudel. He is the thirdpresident of the country.
The House of Representatives (प्रतिनिधि सभा,Pratinidhi Sabha) has 275 members. 165 members are elected fromsingle-member constituencies byfirst-past-the-post voting and 110 elected throughproportional electoral system where voters vote for political parties, considering the whole country as a single election constituency. The members of the house hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the President on the advice of thecouncil of ministers.
The National Assembly (राष्ट्रिय सभा,Rastriya Sabha) has 59 members. Eight members are elected from each of the seven provinces by an electoral college of each province, and three are appointed by the President on recommendation of the government. They must include at least three women, oneDalit, and one member from disabled groups. Members serve staggered six year terms such that the term of one-third members expires every two years.
There are 16 thematic committees in the federal parliament: ten in the House of Representatives, four in the National Assembly and two joint committees.[9]
The constitution of Nepal guarantees a 33% reservation for women in all public offices including the federal parliament. On 16 March 2018,Dr. Shiva Maya Tumbahamphe was elected as the deputy speaker of the house.[10] Women's representation in the parliament has increased since theConstituent Assembly, which eventually guaranteed provisions for women's representation on the constitution.[2]
Until September 2025, both houses of the federal parliament met at theInternational Convention Centre in New Baneshwor, Kathmandu. A new parliament building is being constructed within the premises of theSingha Durbar complex, which houses most government offices.[11]
On 9 September 2025, anti-government demonstrators stormed the convention centre as part of theGen Z protests. The building was vandalised and subsequently set alight. Demonstrators also stormed the nearbySingha Durbar government complex and razed the main building, which houses theoffices of the prime minister and other government ministers.[12][13]
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)| Federal Parliament of Nepal |
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