Park Slope is aneighborhood in SouthBrooklyn,New York City, within the area once known asSouth Brooklyn. Park Slope is roughly bounded byProspect Park andProspect Park West to the east,Fourth Avenue to the west,Flatbush Avenue to the north, andProspect Expressway to the south. Generally, the neighborhood is divided into three sections from north to south: North Slope, Center Slope, and South Slope.[4][5][6] The neighborhood takes its name from its location on the western slope of neighboringProspect Park. Fifth Avenue and Seventh Avenue are its primary commercial streets, while its east–west side streets are lined withbrownstones and apartment buildings.[7]
Park Slope was settled by theLenape before Europeans arrived in the 17th century. The area was mostly farms and woods until the early 19th century, when the land was subdivided into rectangular parcels. The western section of the neighborhood was occupied in the mid-19th century, being located near the industrialGowanus Canal and ferries. After the completion of Prospect Park, numerous mansions and rowhouses were developed in Park Slope's eastern section in the 1880s. Park Slope faced social and infrastructural decline in the mid-20th century, but the building stock was renovated after the area became gentrified starting in the 1960s. Much of the neighborhood is overlaid by thePark Slope Historic District, which is composed of aNational Historic District and aNew York City landmark district.
Though modern-day Brooklyn is coextensive with Kings County, this was not always the case.South Brooklyn, an area in central Kings County extending to the former Brooklyn city line nearGreen-Wood Cemetery's southern border, was originally settled by theCanarsee Indians, one of several indigenousLenape peoples who farmed and hunted on the land. The Lenape typically lived inwigwams, and had larger fishing and hunting communities near freshwater sites on higher land.[11][12] Several Lenape roads crossed the landscape[13] and were later widened into "ferry roads" by 17th-century Dutch settlers, since they were used to provide transport to the waterfront. One was the Flatbush Road, running roughly north–south to the east of the path of present-dayFlatbush Avenue. Just north of modern-day Park Slope was the Jamaica Road, running east toJamaica, Queens, on what is now the path ofFulton Street.[14][15]
The first European settlement occurred in 1637-1639 whenWillem Kieft, theDutch West India Company's director, purchased almost all land in what is now Brooklyn and Queens.[14][16]: 43–44 The area was used as farmland over the next two centuries.[14]
During theAmerican Revolutionary War, on August 27, 1776, the Park Slope area served as the backdrop for the beginning of theBattle of Long Island.[14] In this battle, over 10,000British soldiers andHessian mercenaries routed outnumbered American forces, which resulted in the British occupation of Long and Staten Islands.[17][18][19] TheBattle Pass site is now preserved in Prospect Park,[20][21] while on Fifth Avenue, there is a reconstruction of theOld Stone House, a farmhouse where a countercharge covered the American retreat.[22]
Transit from Park Slope improved in the early 19th century. The Brooklyn, Jamaica and Flatbush Turnpike Company was incorporated in 1809 to widen the Flatbush and Jamaica ferry roads,[15][23] prior to the establishment of theFulton Ferry to Manhattan in 1814.[24] Afterward, stagecoaches started running on Flatbush Road in 1830, with omnibus service following four years later.[23] The land comprising what is now Park Slope was still mostly undevelopedc. 1810. There were a couple of houses on and aroundProspect Hill, a tavern, and a resort; the section of Flatbush Road through present-dayProspect Park contained ponds ofstanding water, which caused fevers and other illnesses.[23][25]: 135 Soon afterward, the land was split up into rectangular parcels, which were bought by numerous people and cultivated as farmland. As in the rest of Kings County, the farmland was likely dependent on slave labor.[23][26]: 81
The farm parcels were further split in the 19th century, allowing for the development of smaller urban lots.[23] After Brooklyn was incorporated as a city in 1834,[27][28] theCommissioners Plan of 1839 was devised, a street plan that extended to South Brooklyn.[29][30][31] Park Slope was originally located in the northern section of the Eighth Ward, which at the time was the city's least populousward.[23][32]
TheBrooklyn and Jamaica Railroad started running onAtlantic Avenue, north of Park Slope, in 1836.[33][34] The railroad's presence did not hasten the slow rate of residential growth in South Brooklyn because the locomotives provided slow and inefficient service.[34] Horse-drawn railcar companies provided competition to the railroad: the first, theBrooklyn City Railroad, was founded in 1853.[35]: 25 Other streetcar routes were founded, including a line on Flatbush Avenue in 1875, as well as theAtlantic Avenue Company's Fifth Avenue and Ninth Avenue lines, the latter of which served the Eighth Ward directly.[34]
The first plans to develop modern-day Park Slope arose in 1847 when Colonel Daniel Richards requested permission from the Brooklyn Common Council to develop the Eighth Ward's streets. Richards also proposed the renovation of the nearbyGowanus Creek into a canal, including draining the marshes in its watershed.[36] Between 1849 and 1860, under a decree by theNew York Legislature, the Gowanus Creek was deepened.[37] Simultaneously, a locallawyer and railroaddeveloper namedEdwin Clarke Litchfield (1815–1885) purchased large tracts of what was then farmland, erecting hisLitchfield Villa on the east side of the neighborhood in 1857.[38][39] Through theAmerican Civil War era, Litchfield sold off much of his land to residential developers.[7]
Development increased with the planning and creation ofProspect Park, just east of modern-day Park Slope.[40] In February 1860, a group of fifteen commissioners had submitted suggestions for locations of four large parks and three small parks in Brooklyn.[39][41][42] The largest of these proposed parks was a 320-acre (1.3 km2) plot east of Ninth and Tenth Avenue in the Eighth Ward.[39][43] After work was stopped during the Civil War, the proposed park's boundaries were changed, shifting the boundaries slightly west and south.[44][45] In 1868, the City of Brooklyn purchased his estate and adjoining property to complete the West Drive and the southern portion of the Long Meadow in Prospect Park, for the then-exorbitant price of $1.7 million ($40 million in 2024).[7][39] The modern-day Park Slope was split into the city's 22nd Ward the same year.[32]
By the late 1870s, with horse-drawn rail cars running to the park and the ferry, bringing many rich New Yorkers in the process,urban sprawl dramatically changed the neighborhood into astreetcar suburb.[34] The opening of theBrooklyn Bridge in 1883 led to further development in the city of Brooklyn.[34][46] TheBrooklyn Union Elevated Railroad extended itsFifth Avenue elevated line to South Brooklyn six years later.[34][47] During the 1890s, theBrooklyn Rapid Transit Company added electric trolley lines or converted old stagecoach lines to electric service.[40]
Many of the largeVictorian mansions on Prospect Park West, known as the Gold Coast, were built in the 1880s and 1890s to take advantage of the park views.[48] Early colloquial names for the neighborhood included "Prospect Heights" (later applied to theneighborhood north of Prospect Park), "Prospect Hill", and "Park Hill Side", before residents settled on Park Slope.[49] By 1883, with the opening of theBrooklyn Bridge, Park Slope continued to boom and subsequentbrick andbrownstone structures pushed the neighborhood's borders farther. The 1890 census showed Park Slope to be the richest community in the United States. Realtors and community members saw a clear connection between Park Slope's bucolic setting and the comfort of living there. As theNew York Tribune wrote in 1899, "Nature set the park down where it is, and man has embellished her work in laying out great lawns and artificial lakes, in bringing together menageries and creating conservatories, in making roads and driveways, and in doing everything in his power to make the place a pleasant pleasure ground and a charming resort."[50]
Brooklyn Conservatory of Music
Baseball had also played a prominent role in the history of the Park Slope area. From 1879 to 1889, theBrooklyn Atlantics played atWashington Park on 5th Avenue between 3rd and 4th Streets. When the park was destroyed by a fire, the team moved to two other sites. In 1898, the "New" Washington Park was built between Third and Fourth Avenues and between First and Third Streets near the Gowanus Canal. The team, by this point known as theDodgers, played to an ever-growing fan base at this location, and team ownerCharles Ebbets moved the team to hisEbbets Field stadium inFlatbush for the beginning of the 1913 season.[51] TheFederal League'sBrooklyn Tip-Tops rebuilt much of the park in concrete and steel and played there for two years, in 1914 and 1915, before the league folded. A portion of the ballpark's wall still exists today on Fourth Avenue.[52]
Following Brooklyn's subsumption into theCity of Greater New York in 1898 and accelerating in the 1910s, manywealthy andupper middle-class familiesfled for the suburban life, initially to outlying Brooklyn and Queens neighborhoods (such as nearbyFlatbush) and thence to more distant locales inWestchester County,Nassau County andNew Jersey amid the adoption of theautomobile. Manhattan gained economic and cultural dominance in the consolidated city, helped by transportation improvements like thesubway, which brought a more heterogeneous population to Brooklyn. Existing families adapted by relocating to exclusive districts in the other boroughs, most notably theUpper East Side. Accordingly, Park Slope gradually became a moreworking class neighborhood amid the subdivision of the expansive Victorian-era housing stock into apartment buildings androoming houses.
The socioeconomic changes were slowed by the ongoing development of upscale apartment houses on Prospect Park West and Plaza Street along with infill middle-class buildings throughout the neighborhood. Only a fraction of the area, centered in the traditional Gold Coast district and select adjoining blocks, retained wealthy and upper middle-class residents into the 1940s.[53] TheEmery Roth-designed 35 Prospect Park West, marketed as a competitor to the upscale apartment houses ofFifth Avenue,Park Avenue andCentral Park West, opened right before theGreat Depression in 1929, and contained a variety of luxury accommodations (including penthouses, duplexes and maisonettes) alongside "just plain apartments".[54] While the building attracted such notable residents as pharmaceutical executiveJohn L. Smith and remained a "solid fortress of wealth" for decades, it ultimately failed to anchor comparable development in the neighborhood.[55]
By the 1950s, the working-classItalian-American andIrish-American populations predominated, though this changed by the 1970s as the black and Latino population of the area increased and thewhite ethnic population began to relocate amid the less exclusive, though effectively segregated, wave ofpostwar suburbanization.[56] However, the area straddling Flatbush and Washington Avenues between Prospect Park and Atlantic Avenue began to attract a population that was mostly African-American andWest Indian-American, similar to neighboringCrown Heights. This area was increasingly identified as the separate neighborhood ofProspect Heights, a moniker that had previously been used to identify areas of Park Slope outside the Gold Coast.
Some of those that remained reacted violently to the ethnic changes to the neighborhood; for example, white residents of Park Slope attempted to bar African-Americans from participating in after-school programs at William Alexander Middle School in 1966.[57] After this failed, white teenagers engaged infirebomb attacks on African-American homes on Fourth Street.[57] In 1968, a street fight between Italian and African-American gangs occurred at Fifth Avenue and President Street, using bricks and bottles as weapons;[58] in the aftermath of the fight, fourteen African-Americans and three Italian-Americans were arrested.[58]
The architectural details of one of Park Slope's buildings
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the renovation of a now-$4.8 millionbrownstone along Berkeley Place[62] sparked a trend where the rest of the brownstones were cleaned up and the grittiness of the neighborhood began to fade.[63] Young professionals began to buy and renovate brownstones (which only cost around $15,000–35,000 at the time), often converting them from rooming houses into single and two-family homes.[64] Preservationists helped secure landmark status for many of the neighborhood's blocks of historicrow houses,brownstone, andQueen Anne,Renaissance Revival, andRomanesque mansions. After the 1973 creation of the landmark district, primarily above 7th Avenue, the rate of gentrification was sped up, and throughout the 1970s, the area saw an influx of young professional couples.[65]
Seventh Avenue in Park Slope
By the early 1980s, however, even as the gentrification of the neighborhood was rapidly proceeding, crime was soaring, along withcrime in the rest of New York City. The neighborhood was affected by daily armed muggings within the Prospect Park area especially at night primarily from the high crime neighboring area of UnderHill known as Prospect Heights.[66] Gentrification accelerated during the 1980s and 1990s, as working-class families were displaced and discriminated due to classism regardless of race, many of those displaced being Italian, Irish and Hispanic. These gentrifiers were generally Manhtattanites attracted by the neighborhood's low cost of living and historic, turn-of-the-century housing stock. Following decades of socioeconomic precarity, the influx of the upper middle class has returned Park Slope to itsGilded Age milieu as one of the wealthiest neighborhoods inBrooklyn—and the nation.[67] Sociologist and urban theoristSharon Zukin has written of the trend, "In Park Slope, the middle class found a sense of history and a picturesque quality that fit their sense of themselves."[68] Since the mid-1990s, gentrification has increased: a 2001 report by the New York City Rent Guidelines Board found that from 1990 to 1999,rents in Park Slope increased by 3.5–4.4% per year, depending on what kind of building the apartment was in.[69]
Park Slope contains a variety ofzoning districts, including manufacturing, commercial, residential, and mixed-use. Much of the neighborhood is composed of rowhouses and six-to-eight-story apartment buildings, though Fourth, Fifth and Seventh Avenues contain residential structures with commercial space on the ground floors. The westernmost portion of Park Slope near the Gowanus Canal is a light industrial district. The section of Seventh Avenue south of Ninth Street is largely zoned for low-density commercial use.[70]
Much of Park Slope is located within thePark Slope Historic District, which was listed on theNational Register of Historic Places in 1980.[71][72] The historic district was also designated by the city'sLandmarks Preservation Commission in 1973;[73] the city-designated district was extended to the south in 2012[74] and to the north in 2016.[75] Containing 2,575 buildings stretching over part or all of around 40 city blocks, the historic district is New York's largest landmark neighborhood.
Several other structures in Park Slope are both NRHP and city landmarks:
Based on data from the2020 United States Census, the population of the Park Slope–Gowanus neighborhood tabulation area (NTA) was 74,731 a change of 7082 (10.46%) from the 67,649 counted in2010. Covering an area of 961.17 acres (388.97 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 70.4 inhabitants per acre (45,100/sq mi; 17,400/km2).[3]
The entirety of Community Board 6, which covers areas around Park Slope and Carroll Gardens, had 109,351 inhabitants as ofNYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 81.4 years.[91]: 2, 20 This is slightly higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods.[92]: 53 (PDF p. 84) [93] Most inhabitants are middle-aged adults and youth: 18% are between the ages of 0 and 17, 46% between 25 and 44, and 20% between 45 and 64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 5% and 10% respectively.[91]: 2
As of 2016, the medianhousehold income in Community District 6 was $134,804.[94] In 2018, an estimated 10% of Park Slope and Carroll Gardens residents lived in poverty, compared to 21% in all of Brooklyn and 20% in all of New York City. Less than one in fifteen residents (6%) were unemployed, compared to 9% in the rest of both Brooklyn and New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 37% in Park Slope and Carroll Gardens, lower than the citywide and boroughwide rates of 52% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018[update], Park Slope and Carroll Gardens are considered to be high income and notgentrifying.[91]: 7
As of the 2020 census data fromNew York City Department of City Planning, there were between 30,000 and 50,000 White residents and 5,000 to 12,000 Hispanic residents, meanwhile the Black and Asian residents were each less than 6000 residents.[95][96]
Park Slope is patrolled by the 78th Precinct of theNYPD, located at 65 6th Avenue.[9] The 78th Precinct ranked 41st safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010.[97] As of 2018[update], with a non-fatal assault rate of 30 per 100,000 people, Park Slope and Carroll Gardens' rate ofviolent crimes per capita is less than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 294 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole.[91]: 8
The 78th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 77.3% between 1990 and 2023. The precinct reported 2 murders, 10 rapes, 124 robberies, 178 felony assaults, 181 burglaries, 553 grand larcenies, and 128 grand larcenies auto in 2019.[98]
As of 2018[update],preterm births and births to teenage mothers are less common in Park Slope and Carroll Gardens than in other places citywide. In Park Slope and Carroll Gardens, there were 27 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 7.9 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide).[91]: 11 Park Slope and Carroll Gardens has a relatively high population of residents who areuninsured, or who receive healthcare throughMedicaid.[102] In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 22%, which is higher than the citywide rate of 12%.[91]: 14
The concentration offine particulate matter, the deadliest type ofair pollutant, in Park Slope and Carroll Gardens is 0.0089 milligrams per cubic metre (8.9×10−9 oz/cu ft), higher than the citywide and boroughwide averages.[91]: 9 Fifteen percent of Park Slope and Carroll Gardens residents aresmokers, which is slightly higher than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers.[91]: 13 In Park Slope and Carroll Gardens, 15% of residents areobese, 6% arediabetic, and 22% havehigh blood pressure—compared to the citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28% respectively.[91]: 16 In addition, 9% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%.[91]: 12
Ninety-four percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is higher than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 88% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", greater than the city's average of 78%.[91]: 13 For every supermarket in Park Slope and Carroll Gardens, there are 12bodegas.[91]: 10
Park Slope is covered by twoZIP Codes: 11217 north of Union Street and 11215 south of Union Street.[103] TheUnited States Post Office operates three locations nearby:
Prospect Park West Station – 225 Prospect Park West[104]
This section needs to beupdated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(July 2025)
Park Slope is considered one of New York City's most desirable neighborhoods. In 2010, it was ranked number 1 in New York byNew York Magazine, citing its quality public schools, dining, nightlife, shopping, access to public transit, green space, safety, and creative capital, among other aspects.[107] It was named one of the "Greatest Neighborhoods in America" by theAmerican Planning Association in 2007, "for its architectural and historical features and its diverse mix of residents and businesses, all of which are supported and preserved by its active and involved citizenry."[108] In December 2006,Natural Home magazine named Park Slope one of America's ten best neighborhoods based on criteria including parks, green spaces and neighborhood gathering spaces; farmers' markets and community gardens; public transportation and locally owned businesses; and environmental and social policy.[109]
ThePark Slope Food Coop, one of the oldest and largest active food co-ops in the United States,[110] is located on Union Street and has approximately 17,000 members from Park Slope and other neighborhoods. Only members may shop there, and membership requires a work commitment of 23⁄4 hours every six weeks.[111]
The Brooklyn Conservatory of Music, part of the Brooklyn Queens Conservatory of Music, is a community music school, offering music classes, ensembles and choral opportunities, and individual instrumental and vocal lessons to students from 18 months old to adults. It was founded in 1897.
Community Help in Park Slope, Inc. (CHiPS) is a soup kitchen that serves 600 men and women daily.[113] Its Frances Residency Program provides shelter and support for young homeless mothers and their infants and toddlers; it was founded in 1971.[114]
One of the areas with a significant gay population in NYC, Park Slope hosts the famous Lesbian Herstory Archives that contain the world's largest collection of materials by and about lesbians.[115] Notable LGBT nightlife spaces in Park Slope include the long-operating lesbian barGinger's and the queer bar and performance venue Good Judy.[116][117] The neighborhood also hosts the annual Brooklyn Pride Parade and Festival.[118]
Park Slope is home to a wide variety of religious institutions, or houses of worship, including many churches and synagogues; most are historic buildings, and date back many decades.[119]
There is a significant Jewish population in Park Slope, allowing for a number of synagogues along the religious spectrum. In addition to a number of synagogues, there is aneruv, sponsored by members of the various communities, that surrounds Park Slope.
Congregation B'nai Jacob (Modern Orthodox),[123] 401 9th Street
Congregation Beth Elohim (Reform),[124] 274 Garfield Place; this is the largest Reform synagogue in Brooklyn, and also the longest-running congregation
Park Slope and Carroll Gardens generally have a much higher ratio of college-educated residents than the rest of the city as of 2018[update]. The majority (74%) of residents age 25 and older have a college education or higher, while 9% have less than a high school education and 17% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 40% of Brooklynites and 38% of city residents have a college education or higher.[91]: 6 The percentage of Park Slope and Carroll Gardens students excelling in reading and math has been increasing, with reading achievement rising from 41 percent in 2000 to 53 percent in 2011, and math achievement rising from 35 percent to 64 percent within the same time period.[126]
Park Slope and Carroll Gardens's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is lower than the rest of New York City. In Park Slope and Carroll Gardens, 11% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days perschool year, compared to the citywide average of 20% of students.[91]: 6 [92]: 24 (PDF p. 55) Additionally, 77% of high school students in Park Slope and Carroll Gardens graduate on time, higher than the citywide average of 75% of students.[91]: 6
Public schools are operated by theNew York City Department of Education. Park Slope is in two different community school districts – district 13 to the north and district 15 to the south. Students are zoned to their nearest elementary school. Both district 13 and district 15 place students in middle school based on the student's ranking of acceptable middle schools; the district 13 portion of Park Slope receives district 15 (not district 13) middle school choice, consistent with the rest of the neighborhood. The former John Jay High School is now the John Jay Educational Campus, housing three high schools and one combination middle/high school.
PS 10, Magnet School of Math, Science, and Design Technology (grades K–5, dist. 15)[127]
Beth Elohim Day School (preK–K) on Eighth Avenue and Garfield Place.
Berkeley Carroll School (preK–12) on Lincoln Place, between Seventh and Eighth Avenues; Carroll Street, between Sixth and Seventh Avenues; and President Street, between Sixth and Seventh Avenues.
Brooklyn Free School (ages 5–15) on Sixteenth Street, between Fourth and Fifth Avenues. Seedemocratic education.
Bishop Ford Central Catholic High School (9–12) 500 19th St.
Chai Tots Preschool Corner of Prospect Park West and 3rd St.
Montessori School of New York (ages 2–13) on Eighth Avenue between Carroll and President Streets. SeeMontessori.
Old First Nursery School (pre-K) the oldest cooperative nursery school in New York City located on Carroll Street at Seventh Avenue. The school has rented space from Old First for over forty years but is independent and not religiously affiliated with the church.
Poly Prep's Lower School (part of Poly Prep Country Day School) (PreK–4) on Prospect Park West between First and Second Streets.
St. Francis Xavier (Catholic School) (K–8). 763 President St. between 6th & 7th Avenue.
St. Saviour Elementary School (Catholic School) (preK–8) 8th Ave between 7th and 8th Street
St. Saviour High School (all-girls Catholic School) (9–12) 6th Street between 8th Avenue and Prospect Park West
St. Joseph the Worker Catholic Academy 241 Prospect Park West (preK (age 3–8)
Alex Skolnick (born 1968), guitarist, composer and podcaster; lead guitarist of the bandTestament, founder of Alex Skolnick trio jazz and member of the band PAKT[183]
^Park Slope neighborhood profileArchived March 1, 2019, at theWayback Machine,New York, extracted from a March 10, 2003 article. Accessed September 25, 2007. "Boundaries: Stretching from Prospect Park West to Fourth Avenue, Park Place to Prospect Expressway."
^abOser, Alan N."Rezoning, and Redefining, Park Slope",The New York Times, December 28, 2003. Accessed March 26, 2025. "As broadly defined by brokers marketing real estate there, Park Slope is bordered by Flatbush Avenue to the north, the Prospect Expressway to the south, Prospect Park and Prospect Park West to the east, and Fourth Avenue to the west. The April rezoning actually extends west as far as Third Avenue on some blocks, and only as far as 15th Street to the south."
^abcMorrone, Francis (2001).An Architectural Guidebook to Brooklyn. Salt Lake City: Gibbs Smith. pp. 347–370.ISBN1586850474.
^Ment, David (1980).The people of Brooklyn : a history of two neighborhoods. Brooklyn: Brooklyn Educational & Cultural Alliance. p. 15.ISBN978-0-933250-04-8.OCLC7444528.
^"Litchfield Villa".Prospect Park Alliance: Official WebSite of Prospect Park. Prospect Park Alliance. 2008. Archived fromthe original on October 29, 2008.
^"Public Parks and Promenades".Brooklyn Daily Eagle. May 29, 1860. p. 2. RetrievedJanuary 19, 2019 – via Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com.
^Bluestone, Daniel M. (1987). "From Promenade to Park: The Gregarious Origins of Brooklyn's Park Movement".American Quarterly.39 (4). JSTOR:529–550.doi:10.2307/2713123.ISSN0003-0678.JSTOR2713123.
^"Prospect Park".Brooklyn Daily Eagle. May 19, 1861. p. 2. RetrievedJanuary 19, 2019 – via Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com.
^"Brooklyn's Park Slope: A Place of Fine Homes and Beautiful Surroundings Where Wealth and Taste have Combined to Aid Nature in Making a Dwelling Place of the Highest Class".New York Tribune. June 4, 1899.
^Yakas, Ben."Preservation hopes fade as Grand Prospect Hall facade is demolished",Gothamist, March 3, 2022. Accessed August 6, 2023. "After months in stasis, the facade of beloved Park Slope institution Grand Prospect Hall was finally demolished this week, marking the likely end of the quest to preserve the historic venue."
^Lee, Linda."A Night Out At The: Paramount Hotel; The Pajama Game",The New York Times, May 27, 2001. Accessed March 26, 2025. "A product of St. Ann's School in Brooklyn, Mr. Abrahams, 23, had invited a batch of friends from high school to join him. He lives in North Park Slope,exactly 41 minutes from here, he said."
^Tucker, Reed."All about Steve Buscemi"Archived September 20, 2016, at theWayback Machine,New York Post, January 24, 2010. Accessed August 15, 2016. "As anyone who's seen Steve Buscemi casually riding the F train knows, this guy's one of us. He was born in this city, has fought fires in this city and, despite his success, has resisted the urge go all Hollywood on us. He still lives in a brownstone off Seventh Avenue in Park Slope and says he never wanted to relocate to LA."
^abMompanek, Christopher."Cobble thrill"Archived January 20, 2018, at theWayback Machine,New York Post, December 13, 2012. Accessed August 15, 2016. "Previously, she lived in a Park Slope townhouse with her ex-husband, actor/director Terry Kinney. She'd wanted to stay in the neighborhood, but 'finding a three-bedroom that was affordable, relatively speaking, in that neighborhood was very difficult,' she says."
^Pincus-Roth, Zachary."Next on His Docket: A Supreme Challenge"Archived October 17, 2019, at theWayback Machine,The New York Times, April 27, 2008. Accessed August 15, 2016. "Mr. Fishburne had little experience with segregation. Though he was born in Augusta, Ga., in 1961, at about 4 he moved to Park Slope, Brooklyn, a melting-pot neighborhood where he played with children from many backgrounds."
^Bergin, Brigid."John Hodgman to de Blasios: You'll Miss Us in Park Slope"Archived September 21, 2016, at theWayback Machine,WNYC, December 11, 2013. Accessed August 15, 2016. "To find out what's behind this mysterious magnetism, specifically in Park Slope, WNYC spoke to another well-known resident, the writer, comedian and, by his own description, minor television star John Hodgman."
^Home PageArchived November 4, 2016, at theWayback Machine, RobinJohnson.net. Accessed January 25, 2017. "Robin Johnson was born May 29, 1964, and grew up in Park Slope, Brooklyn."
^abWadler, Joyce."AfterOpen Water, Lots of Open Spaces",The New York Times, July 12, 2007. Accessed March 26, 2025. "Lightening Up Laura Lau and her husband, Chris Kentis, bought a 19th-century brownstone in Park Slope was in excellent condition but had a dark interior with narrow stairs and hallways."
^Paumgarten, Nick."The Race Card"Archived July 14, 2016, at theWayback Machine,The New Yorker, November 10, 2003. Accessed August 15, 2016. "'To be perfectly clear, passing'—that is, trying to pass oneself off as white, as Silk does—'is something that has never crossed my mind,' Miller, who was brought up in Park Slope, said last week, over breakfast."
^Itzkoff, Dave."Together Off Broadway and Elsewhere"Archived April 23, 2009, at theWayback Machine,The New York Times, February 4, 2009. Accessed August 15, 2016. "Over lunch at a trattoria near their Park Slope home, Ms. Gyllenhaal and Mr. Sarsgaard come across like a shinier version of That Brooklyn Couple who gave up the hubbub of Manhattan to raise their child in a quieter, tree-lined borough."
^Miller, Rachel."Brooklyn's 50 Funniest People: Streeter Seidell"Archived February 13, 2019, at theWayback Machine,Brooklyn Magazine, June 3, 2016. Accessed August 15, 2016. "Seidell was born in Connecticut, and yes, there is a picture of baby Seidell on the beach wearing a pink polo with a popped collar posted on his Instagram. Now he lives in Park Slope, and yes, there is also a picture of Seidell and his wife with their brand new, beautiful baby boy."
^Christian, Scott."Patrick Stewart Moves To Brooklyn, Becomes Coolest Guy Ever"Archived September 20, 2016, at theWayback Machine,GQ, August 28, 2013. Accessed August 15, 2016. "Further proof that Brooklyn really is the coolest city in the U.S., Dr. Charles Xavier himself, Sir Patrick Stewart, recently moved the Brooklyn neighborhood of Park Slope and has quickly become one of the best things to watch on the Internet."
^Koblin, John."InThe Night Of, John Turturro Picks Up Where James Gandolfini Left Off"Archived October 17, 2019, at theWayback Machine,The New York Times, July 1, 2016. Accessed August 15, 2016. "Over a recent lunch at Bar Pitti in the West Village, Mr. Turturro's trademark Queens accent was on display as he chatted breezily with the wait staff and took a reporter through the menu item by item, translating from Italian. Dressed in a fitted gray T-shirt, he had taken the subway there from his home in Park Slope."
^Martinez, Erika."'Artie's' Goose is 'Coked' –Sopranos Chef in Drug & DWI Bust"Archived September 20, 2016, at theWayback Machine,New York Post, May 2, 2006. Accessed August 15, 2016. "Sources said Ventimiglia later maintained he had a couple of glasses of wine at a Long Island City art gallery opening. The actor claimed he had found a parking spot near his Park Slope apartment and had turned off his lights as he tried to pull in."
^Milkowski, Bill."Before & After with Drummer Jim Black; Between Motian and J Mood"Archived September 10, 2016, at theWayback Machine,JazzTimes, November 23, 2012. Accessed August 15, 2016. "Currently a resident of Park Slope, Brooklyn, Black had just returned from a tour of Italy with guitarist Walter Beltrami's Postural Vertigo Quintet when we sat down for his first Before & After session in August."
^Velsey, Kim."Dépêche-toi! '80s Band Leader Buys Beautiful J.Crew House"Archived August 6, 2020, at theWayback Machine,New York Observer, March 29, 2012. Accessed April 18, 2020. "Depeche Mode founder Vince Clarke, a.k.a. Vincent Martin and his wife Tracy Hurley Martin will be enjoying a “new life” in Park Slope after purchasing the townhouse of J.Crew creative director Jenna Lyons, according to Fucked in Park Slope."
^Chinen, Nate."Ravi Coltrane"Archived November 26, 2022, at theWayback Machine,JazzTimes, March 1, 2005. Accessed January 25, 2017. "'I'm sorry about the mess,' Ravi Coltrane says at the front door of his brownstone, on a picturesque residential street in Brooklyn's Park Slope."
^Robbins, Liz."Music Upstairs and Downstairs"Archived February 2, 2017, at theWayback Machine,The New York Times, March 15, 2013. Accessed January 25, 2017. "The classical pianist Simone Dinnerstein, 40, has a hectic international performance schedule, but in Park Slope her husband, Jeremy Greensmith, 46, and their son, Adrian Greensmith, 11, keep her grounded. ... I'm very happy not to leave Park Slope. I grew up in Park Slope on First Street."
^Porter, Christopher."Dave Douglas"[permanent dead link],JazzTimes, September 1, 2002. Accessed January 25, 2017. "Brooklyn's Park Slope region is as laid-back as its name, befitting the serene demeanor of one of its residents, trumpeter Dave Douglas.... Douglas has lived in Park Slope for 10 years, seeing it transform from an artists' community to one of the hottest real estate areas in New York City."
^Wise, Brian."Jangled by a Jingle, He Writes His Own ..."Archived February 2, 2017, at theWayback Machine,The New York Times, May 20, 2007. Accessed January 25, 2017. "Mr. Hearst produced the album in a tiny bedroom converted into a recording studio in his third-floor walk-up in Park Slope, where several Mister Softee trucks can be seen lumbering by his window on any given day."
^Kompanek, Christopher."Giant-sized pad"Archived February 2, 2017, at theWayback Machine,New York Post, July 21, 2011. Accessed January 25, 2017. "Linnell, 52, is half of veteran alt-pop duo They Might Be Giants. He's also a longtime Brooklyn resident. He and his family lived a neighborhood away in Park Slope for 10 years prior to buying the two-story, 1,500-square-foot house."
^Kaufman, Joanne."Kristen Anderson-Lopez,Frozen Songwriter, at Home"Archived November 26, 2022, at theWayback Machine,The New York Times, November 4, 2016. Accessed January 25, 2017. "Before finding happiness in a century-old townhouse in Park Slope, the songwriter Kristen Anderson-Lopez had what her husband and frequent collaborator, Robert Lopez, described as a 'real estate porn' habit."
^Albrecht, Leslie."Fans Want to Rename Park Slope Street for Rapper Pumpkinhead"Archived February 2, 2017, at theWayback Machine,DNAinfo.com, August 13, 2015. Accessed January 25, 2017. "People sometimes laughed when the rapper Pumpkinhead boasted about his Park Slope roots, but now he could get his old block named after him.... Friends and fans of Robert Diaz — the underground rapper known as Pumpkinhead who died suddenly in June at the age of 39 — hope to convince city officials to rename Degraw Street and Fifth Avenue in his honor."
^Wilson, Michael."A Fancy Guitar to Sell, but Hard to Play in Handcuffs",The New York Times, December 25, 2016. Accessed May 20, 2024. "Alex Skolnick, the guitarist for the thrash metal band Testament, with the prototype of his signature guitar from Heritage Guitars, which was once stolen from him, at his home in Park Slope, Brooklyn, on Friday."
^Punjabi, Rajul."French Jazz Violinist Scott Tixier on His 'Sleep No More' Debut" ,The Village Voice, September 21, 2016. Accessed February 3, 2017. "Tixier composed ten of the twelve tracks in a swift whirlwind of inspiration, and even the cover image came together in a day, his wife and neighbors (designers and photographers) adorning his Park Slope apartment with lush fabrics and odd tchotchkes — improvisation at its best."
^abWalsh, Brienne."'Crossing Brooklyn' Showcases Artistic, Demographic Diversity"Archived February 4, 2017, at theWayback Machine,Art in America, October 3, 2014. Accessed February 3, 2017. "Yours truly (2nd correspondence), 2010–14, by Bahamian-born, Park Slope-based Janine Antoni, is a series of love letters written from the perspective of an artwork and slipped into visitors' belongings at the coat check-art that continues to speak to the viewer after the museum visit."
^Leland, John."At Home With: Alex And Allyson Grey; Tuition and Other Head Trips"Archived February 4, 2017, at theWayback Machine,The New York Times, January 3, 2002. Accessed February 3, 2017. "For the last 17 years, they have painted in the front room of their loft in Park Slope, creating elaborate, brightly colored canvases: his massive, anatomically detailed portraits of translucent bodies; her smaller kaleidoscopic grids, dotted with invented alphabets."
^Gordon, A. L."Launch of Lemony Snicket",The New York Sun, October 13, 2006, updated February 10, 2022. Accessed March 26, 2025. "Mr. Helquist did his illustrations from his home in Park Slope."
^Glueck, Grace."Art in Review; Byron Kim",The New York Times, December 9, 2005. Accessed March 26, 2025. "The most interesting works are photographic assemblages under the rubricWhat I See. These specific impressions of important places in his life, like the one of his backyard in Park Slope, Brooklyn, have a sweet, nostalgic poignancy."
^Scheck, Olivia."Sand Painter Uses Manhattan Sidewalks as His Canvas"Archived February 4, 2017, at theWayback Machine,DNAinfo.com, November 1, 2010. Accessed February 3, 2017. "A graduate of the Art Institute of Chicago, Mangrum has showed his art around the globe and received numerous awards for his work, but the Park Slope resident says the donations are his primary source of income."
^"David Rees, Cartoonist"Archived April 22, 2015, at theWayback Machine,Gothamist, March 1, 2004. Accessed February 3, 2017. "I am a 31-year-old cartoonist. I live in Sunset Park, Brooklyn with my wife. Before Sunset Park we lived in Park Slope for two years."
^Rosenblum, Constance."A Brooklyn House With Country Roots"Archived February 4, 2017, at theWayback Machine,The New York Times, May 14, 2010. Accessed February 3, 2017. "If ever a place fulfilled such a fantasy, it is the century-old robin's-egg blue house on 11th Street in Park Slope, Brooklyn, where Ms. Snyder and Ms. Cammer have lived for the past decade."
^Staff."Artnet News: Starbucks Gets Artistic"Archived February 3, 2017, at theWayback Machine,Artnet, January 12, 2006. Accessed February 3, 2017. "Twitchell, who lives in Park Slope with his wife and young son and shows his elaborately patterned, stencil-cut artworks at Greenberg Van Doren Gallery on Fifth Avenue, has designed the packaging for four different varieties of premium coffee, which Starbucks plans to introduce every three months (the next coffee is due Mar. 14, 2006)."
^Visit a Suffrage Site, Nancy B. Kennedy. Accessed March 26, 2025. "Lucy Burns Family Home (Brooklyn, New York). This row home at 904 President Street in Park Slope was the home of Burns’s family, to which she often returned as an adult."
^Hamill, Denis."He Wrote the Book on City Paranoia"Archived March 14, 2017, at theWayback Machine,New York Daily News, June 23, 1996. Accessed March 13, 2017. "Blauner, now a Park Slope resident, is a former New York magazine writer and winner of the Edgar Allan Poe Award for his first novel,Slow Motion Riot, set in the world of probation officers."
^Kleinman, Jacob."The Park Slope man who savedPurple Rain!"Archived September 8, 2017, at theWayback Machine,The Brooklyn Paper, July 28, 2009. Accessed March 13, 2017. "One of the most exciting events of the summer is a participatory screening of Prince's classic filmPurple Rain in Prospect Park — but it never could have happened without one Park Slope man. Howard Bloom saved Prince's self-produced, 1984 film from the dustbin of history with an unprecedented one-man crusade that comes into full fruition with the sing-along presentation at Celebrate Brooklyn on Aug. 6."
^"Q&A with Charles Blow"Archived September 15, 2018, at theWayback Machine,C-SPAN, March 15, 2011. Accessed March 13, 2017. "Brian Lamb: What part of this area do you live in? Charles M. Blow: In Brooklyn – Park Slope, Brooklyn."
^Bader, Eleanor J."Wedding Bell Blues",The Brooklyn Rail, September 2009. Accessed March 26, 2025. "When writer Helen Boyd (born Gail Kramer) was growing up, she wanted to be C.S. Lewis. 'What that meant was unclear,' she laughs, sitting in her small Park Slope living room, a pack of Camels by her side."
^Eggers, Dave"My wish: Once Upon a School" ,TED (conference), March 2008. Accessed September 10, 2016. "In the Brooklyn neighborhood that I lived in, Park Slope, there are a lot of writers – it's like a very high per capita ratio of writers to normal people."
^abcScott, Janny."The Brownstone Storytellers; A Colony of Writers Is Growing in Park Slope"Archived March 14, 2017, at theWayback Machine,The New York Times, May 15, 1995. Accessed March 13, 2017. "Colin Harrison, author and editor, lives with his wife, Kathryn Harrison, novelist, in a brownstone a block from Thomas Boyle, writer of thrillers, who lives in a brownstone a block from Luc Sante, writer, and his wife, Melissa Holbrook Pierson, the same.... Jennie Fields's block in Park Slope is the hero of her new novel."
^Morris, Bob."No Sleep Till Brooklyn"Archived January 1, 2019, at theWayback Machine,The New York Times, April 24, 2005. Accessed March 13, 2017. "A few weeks ago the news broke that Jonathan Safran Foer, the young novelist, was trading up in Park Slope, selling one home for more than $3 million and buying another for $6.75 million."
^abWilson, Michael."Eggs, Bacon and a Baseball Cap"Archived January 27, 2018, at theWayback Machine,The New York Times, August 14, 2009. Accessed March 13, 2017. "Colin Harrison, 48, is a crime novelist and an editor at Simon & Schuster. His latest book,The Finder, was published last year. He lives in Park Slope, Brooklyn, with his wife, the writer Kathryn Harrison, and their three children, Sarah, 19; Walker, 17; and Julia, 9."
^Pogrebin, Robin."In a Multimedia Realm Where Book Meets Blog",The New York Times, December 4, 2006. Accessed March 26, 2025. "Outside.in — which Mr. Johnson started with John Geraci and his founding partners Andrew Karsch, Mark Bailey and John Seely Brown — was largely inspired by Mr. Johnson’s move from Greenwich Village to Park Slope, where he lives with his wife, Alexa Robinson, and their three boys, ages 5 and under."
^"Home and Away with Lindsey Kelk...plus a book giveaway", Chick Lit Central, July 18, 2013. Accessed March 26, 2025. "[Q] If we were to visit you where you currently live, what would you take us to see first? [A] I live in Park Slope in Brooklyn but I'm a good host, so the first place I'd take you would either be the bagel place, the BBQ place or the 24 hour diner, depending on the time."
^Cardace, Sara."Who’s a Bum?",The New Yorker, October 3, 2007. Accessed March 26, 2025. "Park Slope author Knipfel’s books (and his long-running column in the New YorkPress) have consistently been well-received."
^Smith, Dinitia."Literary Voice, Brooklyn Accent",The New York Times, September 15, 2006. Accessed March 26, 2025. "Perhaps the end really began when Jonathan Safran Foer (Everything Is Illuminated) and his wife, Nicole Krauss (The History of Love), bought their house in Park Slope last year for $6.7 million."
^Vitale, Tom."Transplanted Author Finds Roots in Writing"Archived August 9, 2018, at theWayback Machine,All Things Considered April 8, 2008. Accessed March 13, 2017. "In all her work, acclaimed author Jhumpa Lahiri has focused on the lives and struggles of Bengali-Americans.... In New York, after Akash was born, she'd negotiated a part-time schedule at her law firm, spending Thursdays and Fridays at home in Park Slope, and this had seemed like the perfect balance."
^De Vries, Susan."Park Slope Brownstone With Built-ins, Mantels Returns With Price Chop to $5.4 Million",Brownstoner, December 6, 2023. Accessed March 26, 2025. "Down the block from Prospect Park and within the Park Slope Historic District, the 20-foot-wide brownstone at 916 President Street is one of a stretch of houses built by Patrick Sheridan.... That owner was Laura Jean Libbey, a popular late 19th century writer of dime novel romances."
^Silvestri, Pamela."A dose of Daisy",Staten Island Advance, May 19, 2010. Accessed March 26, 2025. "She’s stoked about coming back to Staten Island: Ms. Martinez grew up in Eltingville. She lives with her husband and family in Park Slope, Brooklyn."
^Leavitt, Caroline."Review: Rick Moody’s ‘'Long Accomplishment memoir is deeply honest, full of grace",San Francisco Chronicle, August 13, 2019. Accessed March 26, 2025. "With a divorce and a young daughter, alcoholism, depression and years of not-so-healthy sexual encounters under his belt, Moody meets photographer Nakadate in an ashram where he’s giving a reading. Soon, they embark on what seems like a great adventure. They marry and move in together in Park Slope, Brooklyn, and decide to have a child, but fertility ferociously eludes them."
^"Moses’ play returns to the promised land",Yale Daily News, January 14, 2011. Accessed March 26, 2025. "Playwright and newly hired television writer Itamar Moses earned his MFA in dramatic writing at New York University after graduating from Yale in 1999. Now a resident of Park Slope, Brooklyn, he has since written several critically acclaimed plays and taught a residential college seminar on playwriting."
^Roberts, Adam."Let Them Eat Cake (Why Junk Food Is OK For Kids, In Moderation)",Huffington Post, May 9, 2011. Accessed March 26, 2025. "Having lived in Park Slope, Brooklyn for several years, I observed some of these children. Fed on a diet of yogurt and alfalfa sprouts, their faces were wan, their eyes were hollow. These were children who'd never experienced the joys of a root beer float, a slice of rainbow-sprinkle covered birthday cake or the tongue-prickling delight of a box of Nerds."
^Curtis, Lisa J."Trashy Tale",Brooklyn Paper, August 12, 2005. Accessed March 26, 2025. "Park Slope author Elizabeth Royte will encourage you to get in touch with the coffee grounds and other cast-offs in the bottom of your trash can when she reads from her new bookGarbage Land: On the Secret Trail of Trash at BookCourt on Aug. 13 at 6 pm."
^"Brooklyn Vigil",Newsweek, September 10, 2001, updated March 13, 2010. Accessed March 26, 2025. "My friend David Shenk stood on top of his Park Slope building when the Towers were merely in flames and described the feeling of having his jaw scraping the tar of his roof."
^Richardson, Lynda."A Forceful Voice for the Children of the Tsunami"Archived January 3, 2022, at theWayback Machine,The New York Times, January 14, 2005. Accessed January 3, 2022. "It is just after 7 a.m. and Carol Bellamy has been at work for more than two hours.... For someone who arrives at work every day before 5 a.m. from her home in Park Slope, Brooklyn, she does not seem in the least worn out by her rigorous schedule."
^Glueck, Katie."Park Slope and Staten Island: An Unlikely Political Marriage",The New York Times, February 21, 2022. Accessed May 20, 2024. "Mr. Rose, who grew up in Park Slope, had cast himself as more of a Staten Island Democrat with a brash personal style and relatively centrist politics, and some party officials see him as a strong general election fit in the new district."
^Gootman, Elissa."A Day Without a Train",The New York Times, October 22, 2010. Accessed May 20, 2024. "But on Sundays, Mr. Russianoff, 57, Ms. Toole, 54, and their daughters, Jennie, 14, and Natalie, 11, who all live in Park Slope, dash around Brooklyn on foot, by bus and, if they are late to a soccer game, by car service."
^"Henry Petroski, ‘Poet Laureate of Technology’ and Professor of Engineering and History, Dies",Duke Today, June 14, 2023. Accessed May 20, 2024. "Born in Brooklyn, New York, and raised in Park Slope and Cambria Heights, Queens, Petroski turned his curiosity about the origins of the structures and objects around him into a bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering from Manhattan College in 1963."
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