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TheParis Police Prefecture (French:préfecture de police de Paris[pʁefɛktyʁdəpɔlisdəpaʁi]), officially thePolice Prefecture (French:préfecture de police), is the unit of the FrenchMinistry of the Interior that providespolice,emergency services, and various administrative services to the population of the city ofParis and the surrounding three suburbandépartements ofHauts-de-Seine,Seine-Saint-Denis, andVal-de-Marne. It is headed by theParis Prefect of Police (le Préfet de police de Paris), officially called thePrefect of Police (le Préfet de police), and since 1871 has been headquartered in theCaserne de la Cité, a prominent building erected in 1863-1867.
The Paris Police Prefecture supervises the Paris Police force, theParis Fire Brigade, and various administrative departments in charge of issuing ID cards and driver licenses or monitoring alien residents. The Prefecture of Police also has security duties in the widerÎle-de-Francerégion as thePréfet de Police is alsoPréfet de Zone de Défense (Prefect for the Defense zone).[1] Since 2017, it has acquired direct responsibility for the three main airports of the Paris area (Charles de Gaulle,Orly andLe Bourget).
In addition to thePréfecture de Police, the French government created theParis Municipal Police (French:Police municipale de Paris) in 2021. In contrast with the Préfecture, themunicipal police report to the city government, rather than to the national government. Municipal police officers began patrolling city streets on foot, bicycle, and by car starting on October 18, 2021. The goal of the municipal police is to "make neighbourhoods safer and more peaceful and ensure that public space is shared," for example by enforcing laws on parking, littering, breaking up quarrels, and assisting homeless or elderly residents.[2]
As it is the capital ofFrance, with government assemblies and offices and foreign embassies, Paris poses special issues of security and public order. Consequently, the national government has been responsible for providing law enforcement and emergency services since the creation of the Lieutenancy General of Police (lieutenance générale de police) byLouis XIV on March 15, 1667. Disbanded at the start of theFrench Revolution in 1789, it was replaced by the current Prefecture of Police created byNapoléon I on February 17, 1800. This means that, up until 2021, Paris did not have its ownpolice municipale and that thePolice Nationale provided all of these services directly as a subdivision of France'sMinistry of the Interior.
Policemen assigned to "la PP" are part of thePolice nationale but the Police Prefect reports directly to theInterior Minister, not to the director of the Police nationale (Directeur général de la Police nationale or DGPN). In Parisian slang, the police were sometimes known as "the archers", a very old slang term in reference to the archers of the long-defunctRoyal Watch.[citation needed]
The jurisdiction of the Prefecture of Police was initially theSeinedépartement. Its jurisdiction also included thecommunes (municipalities) ofSaint-Cloud,Sèvres,Meudon, andEnghien-les-Bains, which were located in theSeine-et-Oisedépartement. These four communes were added in the 19th century to the jurisdiction of the Prefecture of Police in order to ensure special protection of the imperial/royal residences located there.
The Seinedépartement was disbanded in 1968 and the jurisdiction of the Prefecture of Police is now the city of Paris (which is both a commune and adépartement) and the three surroundingdépartements ofHauts-de-Seine,Seine-Saint-Denis,Val-de-Marne. This territory made up of fourdépartements is larger than the pre-1968 Seinedépartement.
The Prefecture of Police also has limited jurisdiction over the wholeÎle-de-Francerégion for the coordination of law enforcement, including combattingcybercrime. The Prefect of Police, acting as Prefect of the Defense Zone of Paris (Préfet de la Zone de Défense de Paris), is in charge of planning non-military defense measures to keep public order, guarantee the security of public services, and organize rescue operations (in case of natural disaster) for the whole Île-de-Francerégion (which is made up of eightdépartements, the four inner ones being the regular jurisdiction of the Prefecture of Police, and the four outer ones being outside of its regular jurisdiction). As such, he coordinates the work of the departmentalpréfets of Île-de-France.
Headed by aprefect titled The "Prefect of Police", who (as are all prefects) is named by thePresident in the Council of Ministers, and operates under the Minister of the Interior, commands thePrefecture which is responsible for the following:
security of Paris, if necessary in collaboration with themilitary;
issuing identification cards, driver's licenses, passports, residential and work permits for foreigners;
motor vehicle registration and traffic control;
registration ofassociations, and their creation, status modification and dissolution;
protection of the environment, general salubrity;
determining the dates of discount sales in large stores which can be held only twice a year;
issuing permits to bakeries/boulangeries for their summer vacation to assure that all the bakeries in a given neighborhood are not closed at the same time;
management of police and firefighters.
The Prefect of Police can issuearrêtés (localwrits) defining rules pertaining to his field of competency. For instance, the rules of operation and security of Paris public parks are issued as joint arrêtés from theMayor of Paris and the Prefect of Police.
Until 1977, Paris had indeed no elected mayor and the police was essentially in the hands of thepréfet de police. However, the powers of the mayor of Paris were increased at the expense of those of thePréfet de Police in 2002, notably for traffic and parking decisions (thepréfet retains the responsibility on main thoroughfares such as theAvenue des Champs-Élysées, and on any street during the organization ofdemonstrations).
There is also a prefect ofParis, prefect for theÎle-de-France region, whose services handle some tasks not devoted to the Police Prefect, such as certain classes of building permits.
Peugeot of the Paris Police Prefecture.Police boat
The PP is headed by a politically appointed prefect who is assisted by theprevote, who is the senior police officer of the force. The Prefecture of Police is divided into three sub-prefectures headed by prefects due to their importance.
Because the Police Prefecture provides some services that are normally provided by city governments, its funding partially comes from the City of Paris and other city governments within its jurisdiction.
In addition to forces from the National Police, the Police Prefecture hastraffic wardens orcrossing guards who enforce parking rules; it has recently added some wardens that direct traffic at crossroads and other similar duties, known ascirculation, with specificuniforms.
Consists of the Cabinet (staff) itself, theGendarmerie Nationale Liaison Office, and 6 Local Directorates:
Public Security – uniformed police officers
Lost and Found Property
Central Accident Service
Public Order and Traffic Control – uniformed police who protect public buildings, provide crowd and traffic control services
Judicial Police (Police judiciaire) – detectives and investigators (the36 quai des Orfèvres)
General Information – records
Inspectorate – internal affairs
Paris Fire Brigade – the military unit which provides all fire and emergency ambulance services (other emergency medical services are provided bySAMU/SMUR)
and other agencies:
Classified Facility Inspectorate
Psychiatric Infirmary
Toxicology Laboratory
Central Laboratory-explosives, pollution, chemical analysis, electrical and fire safety, etc.
Prefect and Secretary-General for the Administration of the Police
Plaque honoringGabriel Nicolas de la Reynie flanking the monumental entrance of the Police Prefecture building on rue de la Cité
Before theFrench Revolution, the head of the Paris Police was thelieutenant général de police, whose office was created in March 1667 when the first modern police force in the world was set up by the government of KingLouis XIV to police the city of Paris. The office vanished at the start of the French Revolution and police was vested in the hands of theParis Commune. Reorganized byNapoléon Bonaparte in 1800, the Paris Police has been headed by thepréfet de police since that time.
Sources:La Grande Encyclopédie, volume 27, page 95, published in 1900. See scan of the full text atGallica:[1]. / List of Prefects of Paris on rulers.org:[2]. / Archives ofLe Monde:[3].
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