Pariaman | |
|---|---|
| City of Pariaman Kota Pariaman | |
| Other transcription(s) | |
| • Jawi | ڤريامن |
   
| |
 Coat of arms | |
| Motto(s): Sabiduak Sadayuang (Together on one ship, together rowing it) | |
 Location withinWest Sumatra | |
| Coordinates:0°37′35″S100°7′4″E / 0.62639°S 100.11778°E /-0.62639; 100.11778 | |
| Country |  Indonesia |
| Region | Sumatra |
| Province |  West Sumatra |
| Government | |
| • Acting Mayor | Roberia |
| • Vice Mayor | Vacant |
| Area | |
• Total | 73.36 km2 (28.32 sq mi) |
| Population (mid 2023 estimate) | |
• Total | 97,206 |
| • Density | 1,300/km2 (3,400/sq mi) |
| [1] | |
| Time zone | UTC+7 (Indonesia Western Time) |
| Area code | (+62) 751 |
| Website | pariamankota.go.id |
Pariaman (Jawi:ڤريامن), is a coastal city inWest Sumatra,Indonesia. Pariaman covers an area of 73.36 km2 (28 sq mi), with a 12 km (7 mi) coastline. It had a population of 79,043 at the 2010 Census[2] and 94,224 at the 2020 census;[3] the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 97,206 - comprising 49,131 males and 48,075 females.[1] "Pariaman" means "safe area".
According to the limited early sources available, by the sixteenth century Pariaman was an important port city serving theMinangkabau settlements in the interior highlands of central west Sumatra. Traders from westernIndia and later fromEurope visited the port, trading in pepper, gold, and other products of the interior. In the early seventeenth century the port came under control of the Sultanate ofAceh, to the north; an Acehnese governor was stationed in the town. The port formally came under Dutch control in 1663 by treaty with Aceh. In 1671 the Dutch built a lodge here and later, around 1684, a fort. Continuing clashes with local rulers and competition with other European trading companies resulted in the port being abandoned by the Dutch in 1770. By the early twentieth century the port was less prominent on the coast, asPadang, just to the south, was the focus of Dutch activities in western Sumatra and had a railroad link to the interior.[4][5]
After Indonesian independence, Pariaman was a naval headquarters for a province calledCentral Sumatra. Originally part ofPadang Pariaman Regency, it was separated administratively from the regency and became an autonomous city on 10 April 2002 under Law No. 12 of that year.
The city is administratively divided into fourdistricts (kecamatan), listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census[2] and 2020 Census,[3] together with the official estimates as at mid 2023.[1] The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres and the numbers of administrative villages in each district (comprising 55 ruraldesa and 16 urbankelurahan - the latter all in Pariaman Tengah District).
| Name of District (kecamatan) | Area in km2 | Pop'n 2010 Census | Pop'n 2020 Census | Pop'n mid 2023 Estimate | Admin centre | No. of villages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pariaman Selatan (South Pariaman) | 16.82 | 16,037 | 20,006 | 20,890 | Kurai Taji | 16 |
| Pariaman Tengah (Central Pariaman) | 15.68 | 28,957 | 31,930 | 32,170 | Alai Gelombang | 22 |
| Pariaman Timur (East Pariaman) | 17.51 | 14,853 | 19,697 | 20,940 | Sungai Pasak | 16 |
| Pariaman Utara (North Pariaman) | 23.35 | 19,196 | 22,591 | 23,200 | Padang Birik-Birik | 17 |
| Totals | 73.36 | 79,043 | 94,224 | 97,206 | Alai Gelombang | 71 |
The city is surrounded by the ruralregency (kabupaten) ofPadang Pariaman in the north, east, and south, while it borders withMentawai Strait in the west, making Pariaman asemi-enclave within Padang Pariaman Regency.
The contemporary economy is primarily agricultural with 79% of land in farming.Minangkabau International Airport, West Sumatra's major airport, is located near the city.
Although the population of Pariaman is predominantlySunni, a famous and popular festival ofShia origin namedTabuik (fromArabic "tabut" meaning coffin), is held annually in the city every 10Muharram, theDay of Ashura. This practice was brought to the city in 1818, when ex-British soldiers fromIndia settled in Pariaman. They had been disbanded when theBritish handed the area back to theNetherlands as part of theAnglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814.[6]
The Tabuik festival commemorates the martyrdom of the grandsons ofMuhammad,Hasan ibn Ali andHussein ibn Ali. TheBuraq, a purported winged horse that took Muhammad on his night-long journey to heavens, i.e., theMi'raj, plays a role in the Tabuik. It presumably represents the white horse of the Imam Hussein at theBattle of Karbala, but is portrayed with a woman's head, wings, a broad tail and carrying a coffin.[6]
In the festival, two such effigies or "Tabuik", one for Hasan and one for Hussein, are carried through the city. NamedTabuik Pasa andTabuik Subarang, they are swayed accompanied bytambur music andtasa drums. In the afternoon, both Tabuik are moved to the coast and before sunset they are immersed into the sea.
0°37′35″S100°07′04″E / 0.62639°S 100.11778°E /-0.62639; 100.11778
