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Parappanangadi Parappanad | |
|---|---|
Municipality | |
 Parappanangadi railway station | |
  Parappanangadi Location in Kerala, India | |
| Coordinates:11°02′59″N75°51′27″E / 11.04972°N 75.85750°E /11.04972; 75.85750 | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Kerala |
| District | Malappuram |
| Government | |
| • Body | Parappanangadi Municipality |
| Area | |
• Total | 22.5 km2 (8.7 sq mi) |
| Population (2011)[1] | |
• Total | 71,239 |
| • Density | 3,170/km2 (8,200/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Malayalam, English |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 676303 |
| Telephone code | 0494 |
| Vehicle registration | KL-65,KL-55,KL-10 |
| Nearest city | Calicut |
| Literacy | 100%[citation needed] |
| Lok Sabha constituency | Ponnani |
| Civic agency | Parappanangadi Municipality |
| Climate | normal(Köppen) |
| Website | parappanangadimunicipality |
Parappanangadi (IPA:[pɐɾɐpːɐn̺ɐŋːɐːɖi]) is a major town and a municipality inTirurangadi taluk ofMalappuram district, Kerala, India. It is a coastal town located close to theArabian Sea.
Parappanangadi railway station is one of the oldest railway stations in Kerala. It was a part of the first rail route (Tirur–Chaliyam) in Kerala.[2] Parappanangadi is located 9 km (5.6 mi) north ofTanur onTirur-Kadalundi Tipu Sultan Road.[3] The town lies on the bank ofKadalundi River.[4] Parappanangadi is located north of the estuary of Poorappuzha River, which is a tributary ofKadalundi River, and south of the estuary ofKadalundi River, which lies inVallikkunnu.[4] Parappanangadi was one of the major ports on the southwestern coast of India during the medieval period.[5]
The region was ruled by the kingdom ofParappanad, who were vassals to theZamorin of Calicut, and had the jurisdiction up toBeypore port to the north.[5] In the early medieval period, under the chiefs ofKozhikode and Parappanangadi, Parappanangadi developed as one of the important maritime trade centre on theMalabar Coast.[5] Later it became a part ofEranad Taluk inMalabar District underBritish Raj.[5]
Nadukani-Parappanangadi Road connects the coastal area of Malappuram district with the easternmost hilly border atNadukani Churam borderingNilgiris district ofTamil Nadu, nearNilambur.[6] It passes through major towns such asTirurangadi,Malappuram,Manjeri, andNilambur, before reaching the NadukaniGhat Road.[6] TheKoyi Thampurans ofTravancore belongs toParappanad Royal Family. Parappanad royal family is a cousin dynasty of theTravancore royal family.
This town was the headquarters ofParappanad Kingdom during the medieval period.[7] Parappanangadi, which was then an important centre of trade, was known by the nameBarburankad to theArabs.[8] The kingdom ofParappanad had right overVallikkunnu-Kadalundi-Chaliyam-Beypore region, which is often identified with the ancient maritime trading port ofTyndis, which was a major center of trade, next only toMuziris, between theCheras and theRoman Empire, duringSangam period (1st-4th century CE).[9]
Pliny the Elder (1st century CE) states that the port ofTyndis was located at the northwestern border ofKeprobotos (Chera dynasty).[10] TheNorth Malabar region, which lies north of the port atTyndis, was ruled by the kingdom ofEzhimala duringSangam period.[11]
According to thePeriplus of the Erythraean Sea, a region known asLimyrike began atNaura andTyndis. However thePtolemy mentions onlyTyndis as theLimyrike's starting point. The region probably ended atKanyakumari; it thus roughly corresponds to the present-dayMalabar Coast. The value of Rome's annual trade with the region was estimated at around 50,000,000sesterces.[12]Pliny the Elder mentioned thatLimyrike was prone by pirates.[13]
TheCosmas Indicopleustes mentioned that theLimyrike was a source of peppers.[14][15]
According to theLegend of Cheraman Perumals, the first Indian mosque was built in 624 AD atKodungallur with the mandate of the last the ruler (the Cheraman Perumal) ofChera dynasty, who converted to Islam during the lifetime ofMuhammad (c. 570–632).[16][17][18][19] According toQissat Shakarwati Farmad, theMasjids atKodungallur,Kollam, Madayi,Barkur,Mangalore,Kasaragod,Kannur,Dharmadam,Panthalayini, andChaliyam (Chaliyam was a part ofParappanad), were built during the era ofMalik Dinar, and they are among the oldestMasjids inIndian subcontinent.[20]
The palace of the Kshatriya family of Parappanad Rajas is located at a short distance fromParappanangadi railway station. It was from this family that the consorts of the Rani'sTravancore family were usually selected.[7]
In 1425, the country was divided into Northern Parappanad (Beypore Swaroopam) and Southern Parappanad (Parappur Swaroopam).[5]
The rulers ofParappanad Swaroopam were vassals to theZamorins of Calicut.[7] The rulers of Parappanad were one of theKshatriya claiming lineages of medieval Kerala along with theneighbouringVettathunad rulers and theCochin Royal Family.[21]
Parappanangadi was an important coastal town under the Zamorin rule and was one of the major trade centres of the medieval Kerala coast.[22]Arab traders had the monopoly of trade until 15th century CE.[22] In 1573, the Portuguese apparently burned down this town.[8]
The schools built byBasel Evangelistic Mission (BEM) at Parappanangadi andPonnani during colonial era, have their positions among the oldest modern schools in Kerala.[23] During colonial period, Parappanangadi was placed under theEranadTaluk ofMalabar District.[5] Later in 1957, it became a part ofTirur Taluk, when the Taluk was formed.[7] In 1990's Parappanangadi became a part of the newly formed Tirurangadi Taluk.[24]
Lakshmipuram Palace is the royal palace of theParappanad royal families atChanganassery. Palace is located atPuzhavathu near to Kavil Bhagavathy Temple.[25] The Lakshmipuram Palace was built in 1811 AD by Travancore rulerMaharani Ayilyom Thirunal Gouri Lakshmi Bayi (1791–1815) on behalf of the family of her husbandRaja Raja Varma Valiya Koil Thampuran.[26] Until then, the royal family at theNeerazhi Palace in Changanacherry had been moved to newly built Lakshmipuram Palace.[27]
One of the royal families from Parappanad settled in Neerazhi Palace in the 18th century.[28]
Raja Raja Varma Koil Thampuran, father ofTravancoreMaharaja Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma, was born in Neerazhi Palace in Changanassery. He was part of the royal family of erstwhileParappanad (Parappangadi and Beypore),Malabar.[29]Maharani Ayilyom Thirunal Gouri Lakshmi Bayi built a new palace in Changanassery for her husband and his family members during her reign in 1811, which was calledLakshmipuram Palace. Until then, the royal family lived in Neerazhi Palace atPuzhavathu.[30][31]
In 1705 (ME 880), the son and two daughters of Ittammar Raja ofParappanad royal house were adopted into the Royal house ofVenad. Ittammar Raja's sister and her sons, Rama Varma and Raghava Varma, settled in Kilimanoor and married the now adopted sisters.Marthanda Varma, the founder of the Kingdom ofTravancore, was the son of Raghava Varma. The nephew of Raghava Varma, Ravi Varma Koil Thampuran, married the sister of Marthanda Varma. Their son wasDharma Raja Kartika Thirunnal Rama Varma.
In 1740, an army from Kilimanoor fought off and defeated an allied force led by Dutch Captain Hockert, who was supporting the Deshinganadu King in an attack on Venad. Although a small victory, this was the first time an Indian army had defeated a European power.
In 1753, in recognition of this feat, Marthanda Varma exempted the areas controlled by the Kilimanoor palace (most of the area under the present Kilimanoor and Pazhayakunnummelpanchayats) from taxes, and granted them autonomous status.
The town is administered by Parappanangadi Municipal Council, headed by a Chairman/Chairperson. For administrative purposes, the town is divided into 45wards,[32] from which the members of the municipal council are elected for a term of five years.
| S.No. | Party Name | Party symbol | Number of Councillors |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | UDF |  | 27 |
| 02 | Independents |  | 09 |
| 03 | LDF | _Logo.svg){kind=logo} | 06 |
| 04 | BJP |  | 03 |
| Chairman | PP SHAHUL HAMEED |
| Vice Chairperson | Shaharbanu K |
| Standing Committee Chairman/Chairpersons | |
| Finance Standing Committee Chairperson | Shaharbanu K |
| Development Standing Committee Chairman | P.V Musthafa |
| Welfare Standing Committee Chairperson | KP Muhsina |
| Health Standing Committee Chairman | P.P Shahul Hameed |
| Public works Standing Committee Chairperson | Zeenath Alibappu A |
| Education, Art, Sports Standing Committee Chairman | C Nizar Ahammed |
| Councilors | |
| KC NASAR | |
| M. C. NASEEMA | |
| K.K SAITHALAVIKOYA THANGAL | |
| SUMIRANI O | |
| KP RAMLA TEACHER | |
| SUHARA VK | |
| SUBRAHMANIAN | |
| JAYADEVAN CHERUKUTTIYIL | |
| RAMLATH KODALIKKODAN | |
| KP MEREENA TEACHER | |
| GIREESH CHALERI | |
| FATHIMA RAHEEM | |
| KHADEEJATHUL MARIYA | |
| SAMEER M | |
| SHAHINA SAMEER | |
| NM SHAMEJ | |
| KHAIRUNNISA THAHIR | |
| AV HASSAN KOYA | |
| ABDUL AZEEZ KOOLATH | |
| KASMIKOYA CV | |
| JAFARALI NECHIKKATT | |
| HAREERA HASSAN KOYA | |
| DEEPA | |
| ABDUL RAZAK TR | |
| MOHANDAS MASTER | |
| JAINISHA MANNARAKKAL | |
| UMMUKULSU | |
| KUNNUMMAL JUBAIRIYATH | |
| KARTHIKEYAN T | |
| BABY ACHUTHAN | |
| FOUSIYABI | |
| ABDUL RAZAK T | |
| FOUSIYA SIRAJ | |
| MANJUSHA PRALOSH | |
| SAITHALAVI AJYARAKATH | |
| B.P SAHIDA | |
| NASEEMA P.O | |
| FOUSIYA MUHAMMED | |
The municipality comes under the jurisdiction of the Parappanangadi police station, which was formed on 22 June 1979.[35] The station is located onNeduva area of Parappanangadi Municipality. The station has the jurisdiction over the municipality of Parappanangadi and theGram panchayat ofVallikkunnu. (The 4 Revenue villages are Parappanangadi, Vallikkunnu,Neduva, andAriyallur.)[35]
The jurisdictional courts of Parappanangadi Police Station are Judicial First Class Magistrate Court Parappanangadi, Parappanangadi Munsiff Court, Subdivisional Magistrate CourtTirur, and Sessions CourtManjeri.[35]
The border police stations are headquartered atTenhipalam,Tanur, andTirurangadi.[35] Parappanangadi Police Station comes under the Tanur subdivision of Malappuram District Police, which is also one among six subdivisions of district police.[36]
Parappanangadi Municipality is bounded byArabian Sea to west,Kadalundi River to east,Vallikkunnu Grama panchayat to north, andTanur Municipality to south.[24]
The nearest airport is atKaripur.Parappanangadi has a railway station in the town.[3] The nearest major railway station is atTirur.[3]
Nadukani-Parappanangadi Road connects the coastal area of Malappuram district with the easternmost hilly border atNadukani Churam borderingNilgiris district ofTamil Nadu, nearNilambur, passing through major towns such asTirurangadi,Malappuram,Manjeri, andNilambur.[6]
Parappanangadi-Manjeri Road and Chettippadi-Chamravattam Road are two important roads starting/ending at Parappanangadi.[35]Tirur-Kadalundi Tipu Sultan Road passes through the town.[3]
Parappanangadi Municipality is composed of the following 45 wards:[37]
| Ward no. | Name | Ward no. | Name |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Vadakke Kadappuram | 2 | Laksham Veedu |
| 3 | Health Centre | 4 | Chettipadi East |
| 5 | Anappadi | 6 | Moduvingal |
| 7 | Keezhchira | 8 | Kovilakam |
| 9 | Ullanam Town | 10 | Ullanam North |
| 11 | Edathiruthikkadavu | 12 | Thayyilappadi |
| 13 | Panayathil | 14 | Putharikkal |
| 15 | Stadium | 16 | Attakuzhingara |
| 17 | Kalikavu | 18 | Karingallathani |
| 19 | Palathingal | 20 | Keezhanalloor |
| 21 | Kottanthala | 22 | Naseeb Nagar |
| 23 | Chiramangalam South | 24 | Chiramangalam |
| 25 | Uppunipuram | 26 | Aviyil Beach |
| 27 | Kurikkal Road | 28 | Puthen Kadappuram |
| 29 | Saddam Beach | 30 | Puthen Kadappuram South |
| 31 | NCC Road | 32 | Parappanangadi South |
| 33 | Parappanangadi Town | 34 | Puthen Kadappuram |
| 35 | Ottummal South | 36 | Chappappadi |
| 37 | Anjappura | 38 | Neduva |
| 39 | Kodappalli | 40 | Angadi |
| 41 | Yarathingal | 42 | Chengattupadam |
| 43 | Chettipadi | 44 | Alungal South |
| 45 | Alungal North |
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