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Parapapio

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Extinct genus of Old World monkeys

Parapapio

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Family:	Cercopithecidae
Subfamily:	Cercopithecinae
Tribe:	Papionini
Genus:	†Parapapio T.R. Jones, 1937
Species
†Parapapio jonesi †Parapapio whitei †Parapapio broomi †Parapapio lothagamensis

Parapapio is agenus ofprehistoric baboons closely resembling the forest-dwellingmangabeys.Parapapio is distinguished from otherPapio by the lack of an anteorbital drop, thin browridges, absence ofmaxillary fossae or asagittal crest and only slightsexual dimorphism.^[1]

There are four recognized species,Pp. jonesi,Pp. whitei,Pp. broomi, andPp. lothagamensis, but thesetaxonomic designations have generated some controversy. Traditionally, these species have been distinguished based onmolar size withPp. jonesi being the smallest andPp. whitei the largest. However, variation in molar size inPp. broomi overlaps the other two.^[2]Pp. jonesi is distinguished as having a more squarish muzzle thanPp. whitei but more rounded thanPp. broomi; however these distinctions are subtle and better diagnostic criteria are needed.^[1]

Some authors argue for a confused taxonomy inParapapio but disagree with the reclassification. Since there may be no significant difference between mean tooth sizes orisotopic signatures inPp. broomi andPp. jonesi,^[3] these may represent a single sexually dimorphic species.^[4] However, the ranges of variation inPp. broomi andPp. whitei overlap and show no statistical differences based on anANOVA run on the eleven interlandmark distances used in their analysis, and propose that the two are merely a single variable species.^[2] The sample ofPp. jonesi (STS 565) differs enough in facial characteristics that it remains distinctive from otherParapapio species.

References

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^^a ^bFrost, S. R. & E. Delson (2002). "Fossil Cercopithecidae from the Hadar Formation and surrounding areas of the Afar Depression, Ethiopia".Journal of Human Evolution.43 (5):687–748.Bibcode:2002JHumE..43..687F.doi:10.1006/jhev.2002.0603.PMID 12457855.
^^a ^bF.L. Williams; R. R. A.; S.R. Leigh (2006). "Inferring Plio-Pleistocene southern African biochronology from facial affinities inParapapio and other fossil papionins".American Journal of Physical Anthropology.132 (2):163–174.doi:10.1002/ajpa.20504.PMID 17078038.
^Thackeray, F.; D. Codron; et al. (2005). "Stable carbon isotope analyses ofParapapio tooth enamel from Sterkfontein and Swartkrans".South African Journal of Science.110:483–484.
^Thackeray, F. & S. Myer (2004). "Parapapio broomi and Parapapio jonesi from Sterkfontein: males and females of one species?".Annals of the Transvaal Museum.41:79–82.

External links

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Haplorhini

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Mammalia
Order:Primates

Haplorhini

†"Omomyidae"

Altanius? Altiatlasius? Bownomomys Kohatius
Microchoerinae	Indusomys Melaneremia Microchoerus Nannopithex Necrolemur Paraloris Pseudoloris Quercyloris Vectipithex
"Anaptomorphinae"	Absarokius Anaptomorphus Anemorhysis Arapahovius Aycrossia Chlororhysis Gazinius Pseudotetonius Sphacorhysis Strigorhysis Tatmanius Teilhardina Tetonius Tetonoides Trogolemur Walshina
"Omomyinae"	Ageitodendron Asiomomys Brontomomys Chipetaia Chumashius Diablomomys Dyseolemur Ekwiiyemakius Gunnelltarsius Hemiacodon Jemezius Loveina Macrotarsius Nesomomys Omomys Ourayia Rooneyia Shoshonius Steinius Stockia Uintanius Utahia Washakius Wyomomys Yaquius
Tarkadectinae	Tarka Tarkadectes Tarkops

Tarsiiformes

†Archicebus †Afrotarsiidae? †"Omomyidae"?
Tarsiidae	Carlito Cephalopachus †Hesperotarsius †Oligotarsius Tarsius †Xanthorhysis?

Simiiformes

- see below↓

Simiiformes

†Afrotarsiidae?

Afrasia
Afrotarsius

†Eosimiidae

†Amphipithecidae

†Parapithecoidea

Arsinoea Biretia
Proteopithecidae	Proteopithecus Serapia
Parapithecidae	Abuqatrania Apidium Parapithecus Qatrania Ucayalipithecus

Platyrrhini

†Parvimico †Perupithecus †Szalatavus †Canaanimico †Branisella †Lagonimico
Aotidae	Aotus †Tremacebus
Pitheciidae	†Antillothrix Cacajao Callicebus †Carlocebus †Cebupithecia Cheracebus Chiropotes †Homunculus †Insulacebus †Mazzonicebus †Miocallicebus †Nuciruptor Pithecia Plecturocebus †Proteropithecia †Soriacebus †Xenothrix
Atelidae	Alouatta Ateles Brachyteles †Caipora †Cartelles †Chilecebus Lagothrix †Mohanamico Oreonax †Paralouatta †Protopithecus †Solimoea †Stirtonia
Cebidae	†Acrecebus Cebus †Dolichocebus †Killikaike †Panamacebus †Patasola Saimiri Sapajus
Callitrichidae	Callimico Callithrix Cebuella Leontocebus Leontopithecus Mico †Micodon Saguinus

Catarrhini	see below↓

Catarrhini

†Micropithecus
†Saadanius

†Oligopithecidae

†Propliopithecidae

†Pliopithecoidea

Krishnapithecus Paidopithex †Kapi
Pliopithecidae	Epipliopithecus Pliopithecus
Dionysopithecidae	Dionysopithecus Platodontopithecus
Crouzeliidae	Anapithecus Barberapithecus Crouzelia Egarapithecus Fanchangia Laccopithecus Plesiopliopithecus Pliobates

Cercopithecoidea

†Alophe

†Victoriapithecidae

Colobinae

Cercopithecinae

Cercopithecini	Allenopithecus Allochrocebus Cercopithecus Chlorocebus Erythrocebus Miopithecus †Nanopithecus
Papionini	Cercocebus †Dinopithecus †Gorgopithecus Lophocebus Macaca Mandrillus Papio †Paradolichopithecus †Parapapio †Pliopapio †Procercocebus †Procynocephalus Rungwecebus †Soromandrillus Theropithecus

Hominoidea	see below↓

Hominoidea

†Afropithecus †Ekembo †Equatorius †Griphopithecus †Kamoyapithecus? †Kenyapithecus †Morotopithecus †Nacholapithecus †Otavipithecus †Proconsul †Samburupithecus
†Dendropithecidae	Dendropithecus Micropithecus? Nyanzapithecus Oreopithecus? Rangwapithecus Rukwapithecus Simiolus Turkanapithecus
Hylobatidae	†Bunopithecus Hoolock Hylobates †Junzi Nomascus Symphalangus †Yuanmoupithecus

Hominidae

†Buronius †Graecopithecus †Nakalipithecus †Ouranopithecus
Ponginae	†Ankarapithecus †Gigantopithecus †Indopithecus †Khoratpithecus †Lufengpithecus †Meganthropus Pongo †Sivapithecus

Pan
Hominina	†Ardipithecus? †Australopithecus †Graecopithecus? Homo †Kenyanthropus †Orrorin? †Sahelanthropus? †Paranthropus

Taxon identifiers
Parapapio	Wikidata:Q7135620 Wikispecies:Parapapio GBIF:4827295 IRMNG:1426953 Open Tree of Life:3607658 Paleobiology Database:40874

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