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Paramilitary forces of China

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Military units and formations apart from the People's Liberation Army

Theparamilitary forces of the People's Republic of China are the military units and formations apart from thePeople's Liberation Army, the principal military force of thePeople's Republic of China. They are composed of three main forces, thePeople's Liberation Army Reserve Force, thePeople's Armed Police (PAP), and theMilitia, and they act as auxiliaries to the active forces of thePeople's Liberation Army. They generally perform a wide range of roles.

People's Armed Police

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This paragraph is an excerpt fromPeople's Armed Police.[edit]

The People's Armed Police Force^[1]^[a] is a Chinesegendarmerie organization^[2]^: 121 primarily responsible forinternal security,riot control,counter-terrorism,disaster response,law enforcement andmaritime rights protection^[3] as well as providing support to thePeople's Liberation Army (PLA) during wartime.^[4]^: 87

Ministry of Public Security Active Service Forces

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This section is an excerpt fromMinistry of Public Security Active Service Forces.[edit]

Ministry of Public Security Active Services Forces (MPSASF;Chinese:公安现役部队) was a term referring to three separate agencies under the command of theMinistry of Public Security however were composed ofPeople's Armed Police personnel. Its name comes from the fact that since the personnel were considered PAP personnel, they were treated as active service military personnel.^[5]^[6] After theDeepening the reform of the Party and state institutions in 2018, Border Defense Corps and Guard Corps personnel becamePeople's Police personnel, while the China Fire Services were merged with thePeople's Armed Police Forestry Corps [zh] and became theChina Fire and Rescue, making the use of the term defunct.^[7]

Militia

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This paragraph is an excerpt fromMilitia (China).[edit]

TheMilitia (Chinese:民兵;pinyin:Mínbīng)^[8] or Militia of China (Chinese:中国民兵;pinyin:Zhōngguó Mínbīng) is themilitia part of the armed forces ofChina, the other two parts being thePeople's Liberation Army (PLA) and thePeople's Armed Police (PAP).^[8] The Militia is commanded by theCentral Military Commission of theChinese Communist Party (CCP) and serves as an auxiliary and reserve force for the PLA.^[9] It is one of the largest militias in the world.

People's Liberation Army Reserve Force

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This paragraph is an excerpt fromPeople's Liberation Army Reserve Force.[edit]

TheReserve Force of the People's Liberation Army is themilitary reserve force of thePeople's Liberation Army (PLA). It is composed of a trained force of (mostly retired veteran) civilians that retain an inactive military status, and are subject to fastmobilization.^[10] in case of wartime or other crises, at which time they are transferred to active duty and their units activated into full service.

Production and Construction Corps

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This paragraph is an excerpt fromXinjiang Production and Construction Corps.[edit]

TheXinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC), also known asBingtuan, trading with theexternal name China Xinjian Group, is astate-owned enterprise and paramilitary organization in theXinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of thePeople's Republic of China (PRC).

Notes

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^abbreviation: PAP;Chinese:中国人民武装警察部队;pinyin:Zhōngguó Rénmín Wǔzhuāng Jǐngchá Bùduì

References

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Citations

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^"Military Services – Ministry of National Defense".eng.mod.gov.cn. Retrieved2024-04-20.
^Sun, Ivan Y.; Wu, Yuning (December 2009). "The Role of the People's Armed Police in Chinese Policing".Asian Journal of Criminology.4 (2):107–128.doi:10.1007/s11417-008-9059-y.ISSN 1871-0131.S2CID 143891785.
^"Top legislature passes armed police law".China Daily. 2009-08-27.Archived from the original on 2021-08-31. Retrieved2019-10-04.
^Blasko, Dennis J. (2006).The Chinese Army today: tradition and transformation for the 21st century (2nd ed.). London:Routledge.ISBN 0415770025.OCLC 68694731.
^Runping, Yao (2018-03-23)."Zhìjìng! Zàijiànle gōng'ān biānfáng, xiāofáng, jǐngwèi, wǔjǐng huángjīn, sēnlín, shuǐdiàn"致敬！再见了公安边防、消防、警卫，武警黄金、森林、水电 [Salutations! Goodbye to the border defense, MPS firefighting corps, MPS guard corps, PAP gold, forestry and hydropower corps].Xinhua News Agency (in Chinese). Archived fromthe original on 23 August 2025. Retrieved2025-03-17.
^"步步坚实衔接有序——跨军地改革工作成效显著".Central government of the People's Republic of China. 2019-07-22.
^"Gōng'ān biānfáng, jǐngwèi bùduì jǔxíng jítǐ huàn zhuāng hé rù jǐng xuānshì yíshì"公安邊防、警衛部隊舉行集體換裝和入警宣誓儀式 [The public security border guard and guard forces held a collective dress change and oath ceremony for joining the police].People's Daily (in Chinese). 2019-01-01. Archived fromthe original on 30 August 2025.
^^a ^bLaw of the People's Republic of China on National Defence Archived 15 June 2019 at theWayback Machine, Article 22: "The armed forces of the People's Republic of China are composed of the active and reserve forces of theChinese People's Liberation Army, theChinese People's Armed Police Force and the Militia. ... The Militia, under the command of military organs, shoulders the tasks of preparations against war and defence operations and assists in maintaining public order."
^Military Service Law of the People's Republic of China Archived 2 July 2019 at theWayback Machine, Chapter VI The Militia, Article 36: "The militia is an armed organization of the masses not divorced from production and is an assisting and reserve force for the Chinese People's Liberation Army. The tasks of the militia are: ..."
^"第一支预备役部队：英姿勃发的国防新军". 新華社.Archived from the original on 2020-11-04. Retrieved2020-07-01.

Sources

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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain. Country Studies.Federal Research Division.[1]Archived 2012-05-23 atarchive.today

v t e National security andlaw enforcement in China
National	Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party National Security Commission Central Military Commission People's Liberation Army Militia Maritime Militia NDMC United Front Work Department State Council Ministry of State Security Ministry of Public Security National Defense Mobilization Commission Ministry of National Defense Taiwan Affairs Office
Mainland	Fire and Rescue Supervisory Commissions People's Police Public Security PP provincial Public Security Departments city/county Public Security Bureaus Internet police Immigration Inspection State Security PP Provincial departments of State security Municipal Bureaus of State security Judicial Administrative PP People's Courts Judicial Police People's Procuratorates Judicial Police People's Armed Police ~~Ministry of Public Security Active Service Forces~~ Coast Guard Mobile units 1st Mobile Corps 2nd Mobile Corps Customs State Secrets Protection Cyberspace Admin Urban Admin
Hong Kong	Office for Safeguarding National Security Committee for Safeguarding National Security PLA Hong Kong Garrison Independent Commission Against Corruption Disciplined Services Police National Security Department Fire Correction Customs Immigration
Macau	PLA Macau Garrison Commission Against Corruption Macau Security Force Unitary Police Service [zh] Public Security Police (includingMigration Service) Judicial Police [zh] Fire Services Bureau Correctional Services Bureau Macau Customs Service
Operations	Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries (1950–53) Three-anti and Five-anti Campaigns (1951–52) Sufan movement (1955–57) Anti-Rightist Campaign (1957–59) Red August (1966) Shadian incident (1975) 1983 "Strike Hard" Anti-crime Campaign (1983–87) Persecution of Falun Gong (1999) 6521 Project (2009) Anti-corruption campaign (2012–) Strike Hard Campaign Against Violent Terrorism (2014–) Operation Fox Hunt (2014–) 709 crackdown (2015) Special Campaign to Crack Down on Organized Crime and Eliminate Evil (2018–21) Education and Rectification of the Political and Legal Teams (2021–22) Abroad Information operations and information warfare United Kingdom United States California Hawaii Philippines
Other topics	2011 crackdown 610 Office Arbitrary arrest and detention Black jails Capital punishment Censorship Central Case Examination Group Chinese information operations and information warfare Civil Servant-Family Pair Up Death sentence with reprieve Enforced disappearance Fengqiao experience Great Cannon Grid-style social management Holistic national security Hong Kong national security law List of Hong Kong national security cases Human flesh search engine Human rights Tibet Macao Hong Kong Internet censorship Inciting subversion of state power Judicial system Judiciary of Hong Kong Judiciary of Macau Laogai Life imprisonment Liuzhi Mass surveillance in China Migration to Xinjiang National Security Law Penal system PLA Unit 61398 Political offences Picking quarrels and provoking trouble Re-education through labor Residential Surveillance at a Designated Location Soft detention Shuanggui Stability maintenance Strike Hard Campaign Against Violent Terrorism Three warfares Two-faced person Persecution of Uyghurs in China Xinjiang internment camps

People's Liberation Army

General

Branches

Ground	Structure Equipment Infantry [zh] Armored forces [zh] Artillery [zh] Air defense [zh] Aviation aircraft Engineers [zh] Chemical defense [zh] Special operations units
Navy	Organization Weaponry History Branches:Surface ships aircraft carriers Submarine Coastal Defense Naval Air aircraft Marine Corps special operations brigade Fleets:North Sea East Sea South Sea
Air	Aviation aircraft airbases Air Defense Airborne Corps special operations brigade
Rocket	Missile operation units Rocket Force corps of engineers [zh] Special Operations Regiment

Arms

Aerospace	Astronaut Corps astronauts Deep Space Network
Cyberspace	Cyberspace Force
Information Support	Information Support Force
Joint Logistics Support	Wuhan Joint Logistics Support Base Theater's Joint Logistics Support Centers:Wuxi;Guilin;Xining;Shenyang;Zhengzhou

Structure

Supreme command	Central Military Commission Chairman Vice-Chairmen General Office Joint Staff Intelligence Bureau Guard Bureau Guard Unit Political Work Logistic Support Equipment Development Manned Space Agency Training and Administration National Defense Mobilization Discipline Inspection Strategic Planning Reform and Organizational Structure International Military Cooperation Audit Office Offices Administration
Theater Commands	Eastern Southern Hong Kong Macau Western Tibet Xinjiang Northern Central Beijing
Military regions (defunct)	Shenyang Beijing Lanzhou Jinan Nanjing Guangzhou Chengdu