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Paramilitary

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Organization similar to, but not part of, a military

Not to be confused withParatrooper orPrivate army.

For the 1993 supplement for the role-playing gameParanoia, seeParamilitary (Paranoia).

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Legion of Frontiersmen, Edmonton Command, 1915 – a nationalist paramilitary group not officially affiliated with theCanadian Army

Aparamilitary is a force or unit that functions and is organized in a manner analogous to a military force, but does not have professional or legitimate status.^[1] TheOxford English Dictionary traces the use of the term "paramilitary" as far back as 1934.^[2]

Overview

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Paramilitaries may use combat-capable kit/equipment (such asinternal security/SWAT vehicles), or even actual military equipment^[3] (such asarmored personnel carriers;^{[citation needed]} usuallymilitary surplus resources) that are compatible with their purpose, often combining them with skills from other relevant fields such aslaw enforcement,coast guard, orsearch and rescue.^{[citation needed]} A paramilitary may fall under the command of amilitary, train alongside them, or have permission to use their resources, despite not actually being part of them.^[3]

Legality

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Under thelaw of war, a state may incorporate a paramilitary organization or armed agency (such as alaw enforcement agency or a private volunteermilitia) into itscombatant armed forces. Some countries' constitutionsprohibit paramilitary organizations outside government use.

Types

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A group of the "Forest Brothers" in centralEstonia meeting with a German unit in 1941.

The Steel Shirts copying theNazi salute during its rally inSyria

Depending on the definition adopted, "paramilitaries" may include:

Armed, semi-militarized wings ofpolitical parties and similar political organizations.

Examples of paramilitary units

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For a more comprehensive list, seeList of paramilitary organizations andList of defunct paramilitary organizations.

References

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^"paramilitary".Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.).Oxford University Press. June 2011 [online edition; original published in June 2005]. Retrieved2011-09-13.Designating, of, or relating to a force or unit whose function and organization are analogous or ancillary to those of a professional military force, but which is not regarded as having professional or legitimate status.
^"paramilitary".Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription orparticipating institution membership required.)
^^a ^bBöhmelt, Tobias; Clayton, Govinda (February 2018)."Auxiliary Force Structure: Paramilitary Forces and Progovernment Militias".Comparative Political Studies.51 (2):197–237.doi:10.1177/0010414017699204.hdl:10654/38817.ISSN 0010-4140.