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Papernaia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Subgenus, parasites causing bird malaria

Papernaia
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
(unranked):	Sar
(unranked):	Alveolata
Phylum:	Apicomplexa
Class:	Aconoidasida
Order:	Haemosporida
Family:	Plasmodiidae
Genus:	Plasmodium
Subgenus:	Papernaia
Species
Plasmodium ashfordi Plasmodium beaucournui Plasmodium bertii Plasmodium columbae Plasmodium dherteae Plasmodium durae Plasmodium formosanum Plasmodium gabaldoni Plasmodium garnhami Plasmodium golvani Plasmodium hegneri Plasmodium hexamerium Plasmodium jeanriouxi Plasmodium lenoblei Plasmodium nucleophilum Plasmodium paranucleophilum Plasmodium pediocetae Plasmodium pinotti Plasmodium polare Plasmodium reniai Plasmodium rouxi Plasmodium snounoui Plasmodium valkiunasi

Papernaia is a subgenus of the genusPlasmodium, all of which are parasiticprotozoa. The subgenus was created in 2010 by Landauet al.^[1] It may be synonymous withNovyella.^[2]

Species in this subgenus infectbirds with malaria.^[1]

References

^^a ^bLandau, I.; Chavatte, J.M.; Peters, W.;Chabaud, A. (2010)."The sub-genera of AvianPlasmodium"(PDF).Parasite.17 (1):3–7.doi:10.1051/parasite/2010171003.ISSN 1252-607X.PMID 20387732.S2CID 36620024.
^Pacheco, M. Andreína; Escalante, Ananias A. (2023). "Origin and diversity of malaria parasites and other Haemosporida".Trends in Parasitology.39 (7):501–516.doi:10.1016/j.pt.2023.04.004.PMID 37202254.S2CID 258757532.

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Eukaryota:SAR:Alveolata

(major groups

Mesomycetozoea)

Acavomonadea	Acavomonadida (Acavomonas)

Intramacronucleata	Armophorea (Metopus) Cariacotrichea (Cariacothrix caudata) Colpodea (Colpoda) Litostomatea (Balantidium,Dileptus) Muranotrichea (Muranothrix) Nassophorea (Nassula) Oligohymenophorea (Ichthyophthirius,Paramecium,Tetrahymena,Vorticella) Parablepharismea (Parablepharisma) Phyllopharyngea (Chilodonella,Tokophrya) Plagiopylea (Plagiopyla) Prostomatea (Coleps,Holophrya) Protocruziea (Protocruzia) Spirotrichea (Euplotes,Stylonychia)
Postciliodesmatophora	Heterotrichea (Stentor,Climacostomum,Blepharisma) Karyorelictea (Loxodes,Tracheloraphis)
Mesodiniea (Mesodinium,Myrionecta)

Colponemadea	Colponemadida (Colponema)

Haemospororida	Garniidae (Garnia) Haemoproteidae (Haemoproteus) Leucocytozoidae (Leucocytozoon) Plasmodiidae (Plasmodium)
Piroplasmida	Babesiidae (Babesia) Theileriidae (Theileria)
Cardiosporidium Nephromyces

Agamococcidiorida

Gemmocystidae (Gemmocystis)
Rhytidocystidae (Rhytidocystis)

Adeleidae
Dactylosomatidae (Babesiosoma,Dactylosoma)
Haemogregarinidae (Haemogregarina)
Hepatozoidae (Hepatozoon)
Karyolysidae (Karyolysus)
Klossiellidae (Klossiella)
Legerellidae (Legerella)

Aggregatidae (Aggregata,Grasseella,Merocystis,Ovivora,Pseudoklossia,Selysina) Atoxoplasmatidae Barrouxiidae Calyptosporiidae Caryotrophidae Cryptosporidiidae (Cryptosporidium) Eimeriidae (Cyclospora,Eimeria,Isospora) Elleipsisomatidae Lankesterellidae Selenococcidiidae
Sarcocystidae	Sarcocystinae (Frenkelia,Sarcocystis) Toxoplasmatinae (Besnoitia,Hammondia,Hyaloklossia,Nephroisospora,Neospora,Toxoplasma)

Ixorheidae (Ixorheis)

Protococcidiorida

Angeiocystidae (Angeiocystis)
Eleutheroschizonidae (Coelotropha,Defretinella,Eleutheroschizon)
Grelliidae (Coelotropha,Grellia)
Mackinnoniidae (Mackinnonia)
Myriosporidae (Myriosporides,Myriospora)

Archigregarinorida

Exoschizonidae (Exoschizon)
Selenidioididae (Merogregarina,Meroselenidium,Selenidioides,Veloxidium)

Eugregarinorida

Aseptatorina	Aikinetocystidae Allantocystidae Diplocystidae Enterocystidae Ganymedidae Lecudinidae Monocystidae (Monocystinae,Oligochaetocystinae,Rhynchocystinae,Stomatophorinae,Zygocystinae) Schaudinnellidae Selenidiidae Thiriotiidae Urosporidae
Blastogregarinorina	Siedleckiidae (Siedleckia)
Septatorina	Fusionicae (Fusionidae) Gregarinicae (Cephaloidophoridae,Cephalolobidae,Didymophoridae,Gregarinidae,Hirmocystidae,Metameridae,Uradiophoridae) Porosporicae (Porosporidae) Stenophoricae (Acutidae,Amphiplatysporidae,Brustiophoridae,Cnemidosporidae,Dactylophoridae,Leidyanidae,Monoductidae,Monoicidae,Sphaerocystidae,Stenophoridae,Trichorhynchidae) Stylocephaloidea (Actinocephalidae,Stylocephalidae) Blabericolidae

Neogregarinorida

Schizogregarinina (Caulleryellidae,Ophryocystidae)
Gigaductidae (Gigaductus)
Lipotrophidae (Apicystis,Farinocystis,Lipotropha,Lipocystis,Mattesia,Menzbieria)
Schizocystidae (Lymphotropha,Machadoella,Schizocystis)
Syncystidae (Syncystis)

Chromerida	Chromeraceae (Chromera velia) Vitrellaceae (Vitrella brassicaformis)
Colpodellida	Colpodellidae (Colpodella)
Voromonadida	Alphamonadidae (Alphamonas) Voromonadidae (Voromonas)

Dinokaryota	With a theca:Dinophysiales (Dinophysis,Histioneis,Ornithocercus,Oxyphysis) Gonyaulacales (Ceratium,Gonyaulax) Peridiniales (Pfiesteria,Peridinium) Prorocentrales (Prorocentrum) Without theca:Gymnodiniales (Amphidinium,Gymnodinium,Karenia,Karlodinium) Suessiales (Polarella,Symbiodinium)
Noctilucea	Noctilucales (Noctiluca)
Syndinea	Syndiniales:Amoebophryaceae (Amoebophrya) Duboscquellaceae (Duboscquella) Syndiniaceae (Hematodinium,Syndinium)
Other	Acrocoelidae (Acrocoelus) Ichthyodinium Oxyrrhinaceae (Oxyrrhis) Pronoctilucidae (Pronoctiluca) Psammosidae (Psammosa)

Perkinsea	Perkinsidae (Perkinsus) Phagodinida (Phagodinium) Rastromonadida (Parvilucifera,Rastrimonas)

Ellobiopsidae (Elliobiocystis,Ellobiopsis,Parallobiopsis,Thalassomyces,Rhizellobiopsis)

Algovorida	Algovoridae (Algovora)
Chilovorida	Chilovoridae (Chilovora)

Squirmidae (Filipodium,Platyproteum)

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