The pantheon in the early 20th century, before theLisbon Regicide.
The Pantheon was created under orders fromFerdinand II of Portugal, transforming the old refectory of the monastery into the burial place it is today. The majority of the tombs are located on the sides of the pantheon, and are simple marble boxes with spaces of four tombs. If the tomb is of a monarch, it has a crown engraved in gold on the side of the tomb and a crown placed on top of the entire set of tombs. The tombs in the center aisle of the pantheon are those belonging toCarlos I of Portugal,Luís Filipe, Prince Royal of Portugal,Manuel II of Portugal and QueenAmélie of Orléans; the two martyrs of theLisbon Regicide, the lastKing of Portugal and the last Queen consort of Portugal.
All of the Braganza monarchs of Portugal are buried at the royal pantheon, fromJohn IV (1603–1656) toManuel II (1889–1932), except:
Maria I of Portugal is buried in theEstrela Basilica in Lisbon. She died in 1816, while the Royal Court was in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and was initially buried at the Ajuda Convent in Rio de Janeiro, but her remains were brought to Lisbon after the return of the Royal Family to Portugal.
King Pedro IV, also known as Emperor Pedro I of Brazil, was initially buried in the Pantheon, but his remains were offered to Brazil in 1972 (to mark the 150th anniversary of the Brazilian Proclamation of Independence) and they were then buried at the Imperial Crypt and Chapel within theMonument to the Independence of Brazil inSão Paulo,Brazil. His heart is interred in the Church of Our Lady of Lapa, inPorto, Portugal.
Maria Leopoldina of Austria, who was Queen Consort of Portugal during the brief reign of Pedro IV, is interred next to the body of her husband at theMonument to the Independence of Brazil inSão Paulo,Brazil. She became a Portuguese Princess by marriage when she wed the then Prince Pedro, Prince Royal of theUnited Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves in 1817, while the Portuguese Royal Court was in Rio de Janeiro. She subsequently remained in Brazil with her husband, and became Empress Consort of Brazil when Pedro proclaimed theindependence of Brazil and was acclaimed as Emperor Pedro I. When Pedro briefly held the Portuguese Crown as King Pedro IV from March to May, 1826, Empress Maria Leopoldina became Queen Consort of Portugal. She died in December 1826, and, before her remains were transferred to the Imperial Crypt and Chapel at the Monument to the Independence of Brazil in 1972, she was initially buried at the Imperial Mausoleum of St. Anthony's Convent in Rio de Janeiro.
Pedro II of Brazil, a member of the House of Braganza and son of King Pedro IV, was buried in the Pantheon in 1891 and remained there until 1921 when his body was repatriated to Brazil, where it is currently buried at theImperial Mausoleum of theCathedral of St. Peter of Alcantara inPetrópolis. After the military coup d'état thatproclaimed Brazil a republic on 15 November 1889 theBrazilian Imperial Family was sent into exile, and were received and given protection by their Braganza cousins who still reigned in Portugal. After the death of his wife, Empress Teresa Cristina, on 28 December 1889, Pedro II decided to move to France, and settled in Paris, where he died on 5 December 1891. After a State Funeral hosted by the French authorities at the Church ofLa Madeleine, Paris, his body was moved by train to Portugal, and was solemnly buried at the Braganza Pantheon. After the 1920 revocation of the decree that banished the Imperial Family from Brazil, the Emperor's body was returned to Brazil, and a Brazilian State Funeral for the former Emperor was finally held in 1921, on the occasion of the provisional reburial of his remains at the thenCathedral of Rio de Janeiro. In 1939, the construction of a mausoleum at Petrópolis Cathedral, intended to serve as the Emperor's final resting place, was completed, and his remains were again solemnly transferred and reburied there.
Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies, wife of the deposed Brazilian Emperor Pedro II and therefore a member of the House of Braganza by marriage, was buried in the Pantheon from her death in December 1889 (shortly after the coup d'état that proclaimed Brazil a republic and sent the Imperial Family into exile), until 1921, when her remains were returned to Brazil together with those of her husband. At present her body rests at the Imperial Mausoleum in the Cathedral of St. Peter of Alcantara inPetrópolis.
Amélie of Leuchtenberg, another member of the House of Braganza by marriage, second wife of Emperor Pedro I of Brazil (Pedro had reigned as King Pedro IV of Portugal but the couple wed after his abdication of the Portuguese Crown) and Duchess of Braganza (as wife and later as widow of the Duke of Braganza, the title that her husband assumed after his abdication of the Brazilian Crown), remained in Portugal during her widowhood and was buried in the Pantheon from her death in 1873 until 1982, when her remains were ceded to Brazil and transferred to the Imperial Crypt and Chapel at theMonument to the Independence of Brazil in São Paulo.
Princess Maria Amélia of Brazil, also a member of the House of Braganza, KingPedro IV's only child from his second marriage, conceived after his abdication of the Portuguese Crown, and born in Europe after his abdication of the Brazilian Crown, was buried in the Pantheon from her moving fromMadeira a few months after her death in 1853 until 1982, when her remains were ceded to Brazil and transferred to the Imperial Mausoleum at St. Anthony's Convent in Rio de Janeiro, where they are buried alongside the remains of several other princes and princesses descended from the Emperors of Brazil.
Carol II of Romania, a great-grandson of Maria II and Ferdinand II who died in Portugal while in exile, and his wifeMagda Lupescu (the couple were married after his abdication of the Romanian Crown) were buried in the pantheon before the return of their bodies toRomania in 2003. They are now buried in the OrthodoxCurtea de Argeș Cathedral, alongside other Romanian royals.
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