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Apannier/ˈpæniər/ is abasket, bag,box, or similar container, carried in pairs either slung over the back of abeast of burden, or attached to the sides of abicycle ormotorcycle. The term derives from aMiddle English borrowing of theOld Frenchpanier, meaning 'bread basket'.[1][2]
Traditional panniers foranimal transport are typically made ofcanvas,leather, orwicker. Modern panniers may be rectangular boxes of hard-sided plastic. Panniers are loaded in such a manner as to distribute weight evenly on either side of the animal. Forhorse packing, and when carrying particularly heavy loads on other animals they are supported by apack saddle to distribute weight more evenly across the back of the animal. In some cases, additional items are placed on the back of the animal, between the panniers.
There are many styles of bicycle panniers.Touring panniers are usually sold in pairs, intended to hold enough equipment for self-sustained tours over days or weeks. The most common setup is to use a pair of smaller panniers (10 to 15 liters each) mounted on alow rider and a pair of larger ones on the rear carrier (20 to 30 liters each).
Commuters who bicycle have pannier options designed to hold laptop computers, files and folders, changes of clothes or shoes and lunches. There are also panniers that convert to backpacks or shoulder bags for easier carrying when not on a bicycle.[3]
Panniers designed specifically for bicycles were patented by John B. Wood ofCamden, New Jersey, in 1884.[4] Hartley Alley designed ahandlebar bag and other bicycle luggage that he manufactured and sold under theTouring Cyclist brand in the 1970s until his retirement in 1984.
Bicycle panniers are usually made ofnylon or other syntheticfabric that can be stitched, or, in the case of waterproof panniers, welded together.
As bicycles are often ridden in the rain, many panniers are built to be water-repellent or waterproof by themselves. Others include built-in rain-covers, or rain-covers are offered as accessories. The shape of the pannier may be enforced by a frame or stiffening panel made of plastic or metal to help keep it in place and prevent it from contacting a wheel.
Panniers are usually built to attach to a rearrack orfront rack already fitted to the bicycle. Removable panniers hook onto the top edge of the rack and are often held in place by a latch or elastic mechanism.
Motorcycle panniers are generally hard box containers with lids, made of metal or hard plastic. The panniers may be permanently fixed to the motorcycle or may be removable. Soft cases may be leather or fabric, usually without permanent mountings, and are often calledsaddlebags or 'throwovers'.
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