| Panna National Park | |
|---|---|
 Bengal tigers at Panna National Park | |
  Location in Madhya Pradesh, India Show map of Madhya Pradesh Panna National Park (India) Show map of India | |
| Location | Panna andChhatarpur districts,Madhya Pradesh,India |
| Nearest city | Panna,Khajuraho,Chhatarpur (25 km (16 mi)) |
| Coordinates | 24°43′49.6″N80°0′38.8″E / 24.730444°N 80.010778°E /24.730444; 80.010778 |
| Area | 542.67 km2 (209.53 sq mi) |
| Established | 1981 |
| Visitors | 22,563 (in 2009) |
| Governing body | Government of India,Ministry of Environment and Forests,Project Tiger,Madhya Pradesh |
Panna National Park is anIndian national park inPanna andChhatarpur Districts ofMadhya Pradesh with an area of 542.67 km2 (209.53 sq mi). It was declared in 1994 as the twenty secondTiger reserve of India and the fifth in Madhya Pradesh.[1]Panna National Park was given theAward of Excellence in 2007 as the best maintained national park of India by theMinistry of Tourism of India.[1] Although the reserve went through an ordeal losing almost all of its tigers in 2009 to poaching, a subsequent recovery program touted as one of the most successful big cat population restorations, has resulted in a growth of up to 80 tigers within the park.[2]
The forests of Panna National Park along withKen Gharial Sanctuary and adjoining territorial divisions form a significant part of thecatchment area of the 406 km (252 mi)Ken River, which runs northeast for about 72 km (45 mi) through the park.[1]Panna National Park and the surrounding forest area of North and South Pannaforest division is the only large chunk of wildlife habitat remaining in northern Madhya Pradesh.The National Park is situated at a point where the continuity of thetropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests belt, which starts fromCape Comorin inSouth India, is broken and beyond this theUpper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests of the greatIndo-Gangetic Plain begins. This area is the northernmost tip of the naturalteak forests and the easternmost tip of the natural 'Kardhai'Anogeissus pendula forests.[citation needed]
Among the animals found here are theBengal tiger,Indian leopard,chital,chinkara,nilgai,Sambar deer andsloth bear,rusty-spotted cat,Asian palm civet. The park is home to more than 200 species of birds including thebar-headed goose,crested honey buzzard,red-headed vulture,plum-headed parakeet,changeable hawk-eagle andIndian vulture.[citation needed]
Panna National Park was declared as one of theTiger reserves of India in 1994/95 and placed under the protection ofProject Tiger.[3][4] The decline of tiger population in Panna has been reported several times.[5][6] Two female tigers were relocated there fromBandhavgarh National Park andKanha National Park in March 2009. However, the last male tiger had already disappeared.[7] A committee to look into the disappearance of the tigers was formed.[8]
In June 2009, it was officially announced that the Reserve, which had over 40 tigers six years earlier, had no tigers left and only two tigresses, which were brought in a little earlier[9] In February 2012, only three years later, the entire tiger population of the reserve was considered eliminated. The Madhya Pradesh government did not determine responsibility for the debacle, nor did it pass the inquiry to theCentral Bureau of Investigation in spite of requests from the Ministry of Environment and Forests and the Prime Minister's Office.[10]
TheMinistry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) approved a proposal to translocate two tigers and two tigresses to the reserve.[11] One female each fromBandhavgarh National Park (coded T1) andKanha National Park (T2) were translocated toPanna Tiger Reserve.[12] A tiger male, coded T3, was brought fromPench Tiger Reserve but strayed out of the park shortly thereafter, in November 2009[13] The tiger started walking towards its home inPench National Park, indicating homing instinct. It moved steadily through human dominated landscape without causing any conflict. Forest department staff tracked it continuously for over a month and finally brought it back to thePanna Tiger Reserve. It then settled well, established territory and started mating. The tigress, T1, translocated fromBandhavgarh National Park, gave birth to four cubs in April 2010 of which 2 survive till date.[12]The second tigress, T2, translocated fromKanha National Park gave birth to four cubs several months later and all four survive till date.[12]A third tigress, coded T4, an orphaned cub was reintroduced to Panna in March 2011.[14]She learnt hunting skills with the help of the male and mated with him. She was found dead on 19 September 2014 of an infection caused by its radio collar.[15] Her sister T5 was released in Panna in November 2011.[12]
Panna Biosphere Reserve was designated in 2020 byUNESCO and encompasses a total area of 2,998.98 km2 (1,157.91 sq mi) including Panna National Park, three sections of Gangau Wildlife Sanctuary (I, III and IV) andreserved and protected forests of the North Panna Forest Division with over 300 villages,forests, woodlands, wetlands and farms. Its 792.53 km2 (306.00 sq mi) large core area is surrounded by a 987.2 km2 (381.2 sq mi)buffer zone and a 1,219.25 km2 (470.76 sq mi) transition zone.[16]
TheGovernment of India along withGovernment of Madhya Pradesh andGovernment of Uttar Pradesh have planned to link theKen River withBetwa River. This involves construction of 283m longDaudhan Dam. The project aims to transfer excess water from Ken basin to Betwa basin thus provide water access to the drought prone region ofBundelkhand.
This construction will cause inundation of 400 hectares of land of 4300 hectare Panna Tiger reserve. Environmentalist are afraid that this will adversely affect the population of tigers in the region.[17]
Panna National Park travel guide from Wikivoyage