Pan Pingge (Chinese:潘平格;pinyin:Pān Pínggé; 1610–1677), was a notable Chinese philosopher during the late-Ming and early-Qing period.
Pan was born inCixi City,Ningbo,Zhejiang Province in late Ming dynasty in 1610. Hiscourtesy name wasYongwei (用微).
During theShunzhi Era, Pan lived in Shanying (Traditional/Simplified Chinese: 山陰/山阴; currentShaoxing), Zhejiang Province for ten years. Later Pan became a lecturer inKunshan (昆山; currentSuzhou),Jiangsu Province.
Pan chronologically studied and inspected the philosophies ofCheng-Zhu,Lu-Wang, andBuddhist philosophy (especially theZen buddhism). Pan discovered some subtle conflicts between these philosophical schools, and thought theNeo-confucianism developed inSong,Yuan and Ming dynasties were quite derivatives from the original thoughts or principles ofConfucius andMencius.
Pan criticized that Neo-confucianism mixed too much Zen buddhism, thus called those confucian scholars the "Monks of theConfucian Temple".
Pan considered that Cheng-Zhu School philosophically debated with Lu-Wang School is a kind of usingTaoism to attackBuddhism (以老攻佛), and vice versa (以佛攻老).
Pan's philosophy wassearching for the humanity (求仁), and he emphasized to searchtruth or true knowledge from daily living and practice. Pan proposed the theories ofone integrated mass (渾然一體/浑然一体) and thesight from the true mind (見在真心/见在真心).
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