| Pamona | |
|---|---|
| Bare’e | |
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | Sulawesi |
Native speakers | (140,000 cited 2000)[1] |
Austronesian
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | pmf |
| Glottolog | pamo1252 |
 | |
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Pamona (alsoPoso orBare’e) is anAustronesian language spoken inCentral andSouth Sulawesi,Indonesia. It is part of the northern group of theKaili–Pamona languages.
Ethnologue lists the following as dialects: Laiwonu (Iba), Pamona (Poso), Rapangkaka (Aria), Taa (Topotaa,Wana), Tobau (Bare’e, Tobalo, Tobao), Tokondindi, Tomoni, and Topada.[2]
The Poso dialect is the prestige dialect, specifically the variety spoken in the interior aroundLake Poso. The coastal Poso variety (Poso Pesisir) – mostly spoken by Muslims in the trading hubPoso – does not differ significantly from the interior prestige variety (e.g. it uses the same negatorbare'e as the interior variety), but has undergone some lexical influence fromBuginese and the Parigi dialect ofKaili.[3][4]
Pamona has the following sound inventory:[5]
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ | |
| voiced | b | d | ɟ | g | ||
| Prenasalized plosive | voiceless | ᵐp | ⁿt | ᶮc | ᵑk | |
| voiced | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᶮɟ | ᵑg | ||
| Fricative | s | h | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Trill | r | |||||
| Approximant | ʋ | l | j | |||
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Close-Mid | e | o | |
| Open | a |
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