Palmer Station
Antarcticbase
Palmer Station, January 2016.
Palmer Station Location of Palmer Station inAntarctica
Coordinates:64°46′27″S64°03′10″W / 64.774230°S 64.052718°W /-64.774230; -64.052718
Country	United States
Location in Antarctica	Anvers Island Graham Land
Administered by	United States Antarctic Program via the National Science Foundation
Established	20 March 1968 (1968-3-20)
Named after	Nathaniel B. Palmer
Elevation [1]	30 ft (10 m)
Population  (2017)[1]
• Summer	44
• Winter	13
Time zone	UTC-3 (CLT)
UN/LOCODE	AQ PLM
Type	Year-round
Period	Annual
Status	Operational
Activities	List Marine biology Seismology Heliophysics
Website	www.nsf.gov

Palmer Station is a United States research station inAntarctica located onAnvers island (aka Antwerp Island), the only U.S. station on the continent located north of theAntarctic Circle. Initial construction of the station finished in 1968. The station, like the other U.S. Antarctic stations, is operated by theUnited States Antarctic Program (USAP) of theNational Science Foundation. The base is much smaller than the others, with about 40 staff, and is focused on marine and biology research such as seabirds and plankton.

The base is about as distant from the equator asFairbanks, Alaska in the northern hemisphere, whereas Palmer is in the southern hemisphere.

The station is named forNathaniel B. Palmer, usually recognized as the first American to see Antarctica. The maximum population that Palmer Station can accommodate is 46 people. The normal austral summer contingent varies, but it is generally around 44 people. Palmer is staffed year-round; however, the population drops to around 19 people for winter maintenance after the conclusion of the summer research season.^[1] There are science labs located in the Bio-Lab building (pictured), the other main building is GWR (Garage, Warehouse, and Recreation).Webcam images of the station and apenguin colony on nearbyTorgersen Island are available at the station's web site.^[2]

The facility is the second Palmer Station; "Old Palmer" was about a mile to the northwest adjacent to the site of the British Antarctic Survey "Base N",^[3] built in the mid-fifties. The site is on what is now known asAmsler Island. Old Palmer was built about 1965, and served as a base for those building "new" Palmer, which opened in 1968. Old Palmer was designated as an emergency refuge for the new station in case of disaster, though this perceived need disappeared over time. It was dismantled and removed from the Antarctic as part of the National Science Foundation's environmental cleanup efforts in the early 1990s.

Most of the station's personnel are seasonal employees of the U.S. Antarctic Program's main support contractor,Leidos.^[4] The summer support staff is usually 24 people.^[1] Previous main support contractors wereRaytheon Polar Services, Holmes and Narver ofOrange, California, ITT Antarctic Services ofParamus, New Jersey, and Antarctic Support Associates ofEnglewood, Colorado. Over time many support staff have worked for two or more of these firms.^{[citation needed]}

The base is a few days away from Chile by boat across the drake passage, and does not have an airstrip. The station is usually visited once a month for resupply and staff changes.^[5]

Palmer Station is located at 64.77°S, 64.05°W.^[6] The majority of the science research conducted at Palmer Station revolves aroundmarine biology. The station also houses year-round monitoring equipment for globalseismic, atmospheric, andUV-monitoring networks, as well as a site for the study ofheliophysics.^[6] Palmer also hosts aradio receiver that studieslightning over theWestern Hemisphere.

Other research was conducted by theRV Laurence M. Gould and continues to be conducted by theRVIBNathaniel B. Palmer.^[7] Science cruises cover physicaloceanography,marine geology, and marine biology. The ship also carries field parties to sites around the Antarctic Peninsula to studyglaciology,geology, andpaleontology.

The USAP has a science planning summary for each year at Palmer Station.^[8]

In 2005, a research team from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and the University of Southern Mississippi mapped the nearby ocean floor.^[9]

In 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic began the staff noted they felt protected from the spreading virus, but some were eager to return home to help.^[10]

Zodiac boats are used to support the study of marine science at Palmer station.^[11]

Palmer Station has been used for science education projects, and, for example, did a group video call to a high school science class to teach about the facilities' research in 2023.^[12]

Some of the areas of scientific study at Palmer Station includezooplankton,phytoplankton,microbial ecology, biochemistry,penguins, and otherseabirds.^[5]

Employees at the station have a variety of jobs, but because of the smaller staff some jobs like kitchen duty are also spread out. Jobs include research, janitor, welding, carpentry, computer, lineman, and others.^[5] Although isolated from the rest of the world for months at time, the base itself is highly social and difficult for introverts, with one comparing the atmosphere at Palmer to a college dorm or summer camp.^[5] Staff usually work 9 hour days 6 days a week, and usually have more than one job.^[5]

The Köppen Climate Classification for Palmer Station is atundra climate (ET). Due to its northern location within Antarctica and proximity to the coast, the temperatures moderate more than interior climates. Winters are generally cold and subzero, while summers are chilly, but regularly rise to temperatures above freezing. The average temperature for the year in Palmer Station is 28.8 °F (-1.8 °C). The warmest month, on average, is January. The coldest month is August.^[13]

Palmer Skiway
IATA:none ICAO:NZ0B
Summary
Airport type	Private
Owner	National Science Foundation
Operator	National Science Foundation
Serves	Palmer Station
Location	Anvers Island,Antarctica
Elevation AMSL	149 ft / 45 m
Coordinates	64°46′30″S64°03′16″W / 64.775001°S 64.054442°W /-64.775001; -64.054442
Map
Palmer Skiway Location of airfield in Antarctica
Runways
Direction Length Surface ft m 01/19 2,500 762 Ice
landing for ski equipped aircraft only

Palmer Station was re-supplied by the R/VLaurence M. Gould, a ship with an ice-strengthenedhull that made routine science research cruises around the peninsula. The R/VNathaniel B. Palmer, theUnited States Antarctic Program's other research vessel, has also made port calls to Palmer Station —Hero Inlet, where the pier is located, was previously too shallow for the Palmer to dock at the station, though after a pier improvement/replacement finished in 2022 docking is now done routinely. Both ships are staffed and leased to the USAP byEdison Chouest Offshore.

Hero Inlet is named for the R/VHero, a 125-foot woodentrawler-type vessel built to conduct research and supply Palmer Station fromports inArgentina andChile. TheHero was owned by theNational Science Foundation and built in 1968 by the Harvey Gamage shipyard in Maine. Palmer Station is located onGamage Point, named for the shipbuilder. Other people believe that Hero Inlet is named after Capt. Nathaniel Palmer's 47 foot sloop, Hero, that he was sailing when he first sighted Antarctica.

After years of service, theHero was retired in 1984 and replaced by the R/VPolar Duke, a larger and more modern ice-strengthened vessel under charter from Rieber Shipping, based inBergen, Norway. TheDuke was replaced by the R/VLaurence M. Gould in 1997.

There is no routine air access to Palmer. Over the years, small ski-equipped aircraft have occasionally landed on the glacier to the east of the station.^[15]

USAP participants traveled aboard theLaurence M. Gould fromPunta Arenas, Chile. The course followed theStraits of Magellan to the east, then south along the coast ofArgentina, pastCape Horn, then directly south across theDrake Passage and on toAnvers Island. The entire journey usually took four days; however,sea ice and storms could slow the journey down.

The 1980Japanese filmFukkatsu no hi (Day of Resurrection/Virus) revolves around Palmer Station as the gathering place for humanity's last survivors of a deadlyvirus. The film starsGeorge Kennedy asAdmiral Conway, the station's commanding officer and featuresGlenn Ford as the President of the United States. Much of the footage for the film was shot in the vicinity of Palmer Station, though none was actually filmed at the station. Although the actual station can accommodate fewer than 50 people, the station depicted in the film housed several hundred.

• 
  Location onAnvers Island.
• 
  Map of Palmer Archipelago region, Cartographic base: Antarctic Digital Database.
• 
  Palmer Station.
• 
  Residents use their red parkas to send a greeting toNASA'sDC-8.

Wikimedia Commons has media related toPalmer Station.

• Archived Palmer Station page on Global Fiducials Program site
• Research blog of a 2008 expedition at Palmer Station
• Archived Palmer Station page^[usurped] on Antarctic Connection
• Palmer Long-Term Ecological Research
• NSF (National Science Foundation) Ultraviolet (UV) Monitoring Network with picture
• USAP Palmer Station webcam
• Palmer Station on LocalWiki

• Outposts of Antarctica
• Outposts of Graham Land
• Geography of Anvers Island
• Anvers Island
• United States Antarctic Program
• Argentine Antarctica
• British Antarctic Territory
• Chilean Antarctic Territory
• 1968 establishments in Antarctica

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• Articles with short description
• Short description is different from Wikidata
• Use mdy dates from July 2016
• Coordinates on Wikidata
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• Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata
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