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Palm Line

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Former UK-owned Shipping Line - engaged in the West African trade

Palm Line
Company typeSubsidiary ofUnited Africa Company (UAC)
IndustryShipping
Founded1911, asSouthern Whaling and Sealing Company Ltd
Defunct1986; 39 years ago (1986)
SuccessorOcean Transport & Trading in 1985
HeadquartersUAC House,
Blackfriars Road,
London, United Kingdom
Area served
Northern Europe, West Africa
and Mediterranean
Key people
Frank Samuel (First Chairman)
Lord Cole, Chairman 1952-55
ParentUnilever

ThePalm Line was a UK-owned shipping line that was engaged in the West African trade from 1949, primarily servicing the ports along 5,000 miles of coastline from Morocco in the north to Angola in the far south. It ceased trading in 1986.

Palm Line was a member of both UK/West Africa Lines Joint Service (UKWAL) and Continent/West Africa Conference (COWAC) together withElder Dempster, Black Star Line,Nigerian National Shipping Line, Guinea Gulf Line andNorwegian Hoegh Line.

Background

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Ilesha Palm navigating the Escravos River to Sapele, Nigeria (1979)

In the post-war period of the late 1940s,UAC decided to divest its shipping fleet to become an independent company in its own right. On 16 February 1949, an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders was held to set up the new company. This was done by reviving the dormant articles of association of the oldSouthern Whaling and Sealing Company, whichLever Bros. had bought in 1919 then sold toChristian Salvesen Ltd in 1941, and changing the name to Palm Line.

The name of the new company had not been decided upon without considerable discussion. At one stage the name Sun Line had been put forward. It was MrFrank Samuel, later to become the new company's first chairman who thought of the name 'Palm'.

The Creeks

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It is notable that all Palm Line ships, with the exception ofKano Palm andKatsina Palm, built before 1970 had to be less than 500 feet (150 m) long in order to navigate the creeks of Nigeria. Draught is another important feature. The coast of West Africa is extremely flat, and the slow-moving rivers and tidal currents have combined to build up long sand bars a mile or two off the coast. To enter most of the rivers, ships must pass over these bars; 27 feet (8.2 m) being the maximum draught to serve all ports. Even so, to enter many rivers, - for example theEscravos River which leads toSapele - ships cannot carry more than 4,000 tons since the maximum draught to successfully make it over the Escravos Bar is limited to 17 feet (5.2 m), so vessels would often cross over the bar at the entrance to the adjacentForcados River, then take the connecting creek to the Escravos River.

Krooboys

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It was common practice for all vessels to call in atFreetown both south- and northbound to take on both fuel bunkers and 'Krooboys' - additionallocal West African crew members; their duties being mainly chipping, painting and hold cleaning. They had their own separate accommodation on deck between hatches 1 & 2, with the headman having his own cabin in thefo'c'sle.

Palm Line house flag

The End

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The early 1980s spelled the beginning of the end for Palm Line. From 1982 until 1986 the dramatic drop in Europe / West Africa trade meant the increasing need to charter the vessels out to third parties. Palm Line was sold toOcean Fleets in 1986.[1] The last Chairman of Palm Lines was Gordon Williams of Pontypool.

Emblem

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The palm tree emblem had already been used on aUnilever Ltd house flag designed in 1939.

Merseyside Maritime Museum

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From Jun-Dec 2018 themuseum had a temporary exhibition entitled 'Palm Line - A new company for a new era', with a scale-model of MVMatadi Palm (1970) as its centrepiece.

The Fleet

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ShipBuiltShipyard & Ship NumberIMO NumberSpeed (knots)TypeGRTNotes
MVAfrica Palm1953Short Brothers, Pallion - 512500407511General Cargo5,415Sister ship to MVBurutu Palm (1953)

Sold in 1972 to Panama and renamedSavoydean
She suffered a fire on 24 July 1975 inCalcutta, and was eventually scrapped in April 1976 atBombay.

MVAfrica Palm1971Warnowwerft,Warnemünde - 376712532814General Cargo10,008ex-Joruna; purchased from Johansen & Knutsen, Oslo in 1974

In 1983 chartered and renamedSanta Barbara Pacific, then reverted toAfrica Palm later in 1983
Sold in 1984 to Cyprus and renamedMessaria

MVAkassa Palm1958Bremer Vulkan, Vegesack - 870500671214General Cargo9,000Sold in 1972 and renamedElenma

Sold in 1977 and renamedIonian Sky
Sold in 1981 and renamedMagdalini K
Scrapped in Nov 1984

MVAndoni Palm1958Bremer Vulkan, Vegesack - 869501639114General Cargo9,000Sold in 1976 to Panama and renamedMastro Manolis

Scrapped in Nov 1982

MVApapa Palm1973Stocznia Szczecińska,Gdańsk,Poland - 242730580116General Cargo9,417ex-MVSchauenburg.
MVApapa Palm (9,417 GRT). Laid up on the River Scheldt in Antwerp, May 1982

Bought by Palm Line in 1977 from H. Schuldt (Hamburg) and renamedApapa Palm.

She was fitted with aSulzer two-stroke diesel engine.

She was one of a batch of six sister ships, two of which were theShonga andSherbro belonging toElder Dempster Lines, part ofBlue Funnel Line. TheMinistry of Defence requisitioned bothShonga &Sherbro for duty in theFalklands War. At the timeApapa Palm was laid up inAntwerp.

In 1985 sold to Venezuelan owners and renamedGeneral Salom

MVAshanti Palm[2]1947Shipbuilders Corporation,Newcastle upon Tynen/a10½General Cargo5,123ex-Ashantian

Powered by a 3-cyl engine from North-Eastern Marine Engineering Co (1938) Ltd (Wallsend).
18 Nov 1962 sank inNaples harbour where she had arrived fromLeghorn to load 400 tons of general cargo. She dragged her anchor in a fierce gale and drifted onto rocks surrounding the breakwater. There were no casualties.

MVBadagry Palm[3]1956Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Neptune Yard, Low Walker - 1928503352114General Cargo5,042Carried Dr.Kwame Nkrumah to London for the Commonwealth Prime Minister's Conference.

Powered by a 4500bhp 4-cyl 2-stroke Doxford marine diesel
Sold in 1972 to Barada Shipping & Trading Co, Famagusta; renamedIrene's GraceResold in 1977 to Palineon Shipping Co, PiraeusBroken up in Jun 1981 inBombay

MVBadagry Palm[4]1979Sunderland Shipbuilders, North Sands - 741772687316General Cargo12,279She carried the very last Doxford ship engine ever built; the J-type.

In 1985 she was taken over byUAC, who renamed herBadagry.
In 1986 she was sold to new owners who registered her inPanama renaming herCordigliera.
Tragically theCordigliera sank with all (23) hands in very rough weather offPort St Johns, South Africa31°21′S30°1′E / 31.350°S 30.017°E /-31.350; 30.017 on 14 Nov 1996, after issuing out a distress to Durban radio at 10:30pm.[5][6]

MVBamenda Palm[7]1956Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Neptune Yard, Low Walker - 1926503544014General Cargo5,154
MVBamenda Palm

Sold in 1972 to Spetsai Shipping Co Ltd, Famagusta; renamedLenio.
Resold in 1977 to Marlinea Armadora SA, Piraeus, and then again in 1978 to Moineau Cia Naviera SA, Piraeus; renamed ELSA SK. In 1981 renamedEternal Sea, before being finally scrapped in May 1983.

MVBamenda Palm1979Hyundai Heavy Industries, Ulsan - 1294772584316General Cargo11,223
MVBamenda Palm in Middle Docks, South Shields drydock undergoing conversion to mvLloyd Texas (1984)

Built byHyundai ofSouth Korea in 1979.
On 18 December 1980 she appeared in a front-page article of the UKSunday Express newspaper under the headline 'Drama At Sea As Gales Sweep Coast'.Bamenda Palm had accidentally rammed a Romanianfish factory ship whilst enteringCarrick Roads,Falmouth harbour during the early hours in a southerly force 9 gale. The fish-factory ship was holed just below the water-line midships on the port side by the bulbous bow of theBamenda Palm[1]. HerMaster was George Holeyman. There were no casualties.

In May 1984 she was chartered toLloyd Brasileiro, Rio de Janeiro and renamedLloyd Texas, whilst in Middle Docks dry dock,South Shields. AsLloyd Texas she sailed fromSouth Shields toTeesport, Middlesbrough to load cement for the newRAF runway inAscension Island.

In 1985 she reverted toBamenda Palm - fromLloyd Texas - and taken over byUAC.
In 1986 she was sold to Cyprus & renamedArko Glory. She has had several name changes since then, namely,
MC Ruby (Jun 1989),[8]
Medipas Tide (Jul 1989),
MC Ruby (1990),
Ville de Damas (Nov 1993),
MC Ruby (May 1994),
Runner (Sep 1994),
CMBT Eagle (Oct 1994),
Runner (Jan 1999),
Renata (Jun 2000) and finally
African Star (Apr-Dec 2005) under the Bahamian flag (Bahamas).
She was scrapped atAlang in 2009.

The 1996 TV filmDeadly Voyage was set on boardMC Ruby

SSBenin Palm1936Deschimag Seebeck, Bremerhaven - 896n/aGeneral Cargo5,424ex-Ethiopian

Sold in 1959 to Panama (Panama) and renamedFaneromeni, but registered in Lebanon

SSBurutu Palm1936General Cargo5,424
MVBurutu Palm1953Short Brothers, Pallion12General Cargo5,410Sister ship to MVAfrica Palm (1953)

Sold in 1967 to Astrocid Naviera of Piraeus and renamedTyhi
In 1973 she was re-sold to Globe Navigation of Singapore and renamedMVGlobe Star. Later that year, 27 Apr 1973, she struck Leven Reef sank off Mombasa[2] and sank. She had been en route from Iskenderun to Karachi.

SSDahomey Palm1937Furness Shipbuilding Company, Haverton Hilln/aGeneral Cargo4,876ex-Conakrian

Sold in 1959 to Wallem & Co., Hong Kong and renamedSouthern Mariner.
She was finally broken up in 1968.

MVElmina Palm[9]1957Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Neptune Yard, Low Walker - 1932510237214General Cargo5,356
MVElmina Palm (5,356 GRT). At anchor, Abidjan, Ivory Coast

Powered by a 4500bhp 4-cyl Doxford 2-stroke marine diesel. The first British cargo ship to make extensive use of aluminium in her superstructure - which made an extra 55 tons available for cargo deadweight - and later Palm Line ships followed this design.

Unlike the other ships built during this period, she wasnot fitted with 'deep tanks' for the carriage of vegetable oil.
Sold in 1977 to Panama and renamedCyprus Sky

MVEnugu Palm[10]1958Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Neptune Yard, Low Walker - 1948510472214General Cargo7,963Sold in 1978 to Kuwait and renamedAthari
MVGambia Palm1937Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau AG, Wesermünde - 571n/aGeneral Cargo5,452
MVGambia Palm (1937) on the River Mersey in front of Liverpool's Liver Building

Laid down originally as MVEmpire Tweed but completed as MVGambian.Seized in 1941 byVichy French forces atDakar,Senegal. RenamedSt Gabriel under the Vichy flag. Returned to Britain in 1943, and name returned to MVGambian, then toMoWT and renamedEmpire Tweed. Returned toUnited Africa Company Ltd in 1946 and again renamedGambian. Sold in 1949 to Palm Line Ltd and renamedGambian Palm. Sold in 1959 to E N Vernicos Shipping Co, Greece and renamedIrini’s Blessing, under the flag of Lebanon. Scrapped in July 1963 in Hong Kong.

MVIbadan Palm[11]1959Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Neptune Yard, Low Walker - 1970515776714General Cargo5,658Sister ship of theIlorin Palm. She had a 4500bhp 4-cylinder 2-strokeDoxford engine.

In 1978 she was sold to Ali Khalifa Mirchandani Shipping Co, Kuwait; renamedHind
In 1979 she was resold to Al Navigation Ltd, Hong Kong; renamedArunkamal
In 1980 she was resold to Hind Shipping Co Ltd, Hong Kong
Broken up in 1983

MVIkeja Palm[12]1961Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Neptune Yard, Low Walker - 1982515855314General Cargo5,816Sister ship ofIlesha Palm. She had a 4-cylinder 2-stroke Doxford engine generating 4500bhp.

In 1981 she was sold to Cia Naviera Pancarib SA, Piraeus; renamedGME Palma (registered her in Panama)
In 1982 she was resold to Daniko Maritime Co SA, Piraeus; renamedPalma

MVIlesha Palm[13]1961Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Neptune Yard, Low Walker - 1984515878514General Cargo5,816Sister ship of theIkeja Palm. She had a 4-cylinder 2-stroke Doxford engine generating 4500bhp.
MVIlesha Palm (1961)

In 1979 she was handed over inBombay & sold to Chaldeos Freighters Ltd of Greece. The new owners registered her inLiberia and renamed herDaphnemar.
Laid up at Mini Saqr in February 1982 and sold again to Barnwood Shipping Corp. of Panama., just over two years later she was towed to Karachi for breaking by Abbasi Shipping, arriving in the March 1984.

MVIlorin Palm[14]1960Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Neptune Yard, Low Walker - 1972515910514General Cargo5,658Sister ship of theIbadan Palm. She had a 4-cylinder 2-strokeDoxford engine.
MVIlorin Palm (1960)

In 1979 she was sold to new owners who registered her inLiberia and renamed herDiamant Captain.
Sold in 1982 and renamed twice; firstCape Blanco thenSea Venturer
Scrapped in Dec 1982 in Chittagong

SSKano Palm1936Howaldtswerke, Hamburgn/aGeneral Cargo5,129ex-Guinean

Sold in 1954 to Panama and renamedSt.George, but registered in Greece

MVKano Palm[15]1958Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Neptune Yard, Low Walker - 1946518134214¼General Cargo8,734Sister ship of theKatsina Palm (1957). Powered by a 5600bhp Doxford 5cyl 2-stroke marine diesel

Sold in 1979 to Shanti Shipping (Singapore) Pte Ltd; renamedPurna Shanti
Sold again in 1979 to Marvia Shipping Co SA, Panama; renamedIsland Trader
Scrapped Sep 1982 inBombay, India

MVKatsina Palm[16]1957Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Neptune Yard, Low Walker - 1938518388314¼General Cargo8,734Sister ship of theKano Palm (1958). Powered by a 5600bhp Doxford 5cyl 2-stroke marine diesel

Sold in 1978 to Nan Chiao Shipping Pte Ltd, Singapore; renamedNew Dragon
Broken up in 1984

SSKumasi Palm1943Furness Shipbuilding Company, Haverton Hill - 351n/aGeneral Cargo7,221ex-Kumasian

Sold in 1960 to Panama and renamedFlower

SSLagos Palm1947Shipbuilders Corporation, Southwick - 115261271General Cargo5,047ex-Lagosian

In 1960 renamedOguta Palm then sold in 1964 to Greece and renamedHeraclitos.
Then renamedHerodemos in 1969
Eventually broken up inSplit in April 1973.

MVLagos Palm[17]1961Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Neptune Yard, Low Walker - 1980520227516General Cargo6,256
MV Lagos Palm leaving Freetown, Sierra Leone in 1979

Sister ship of theLobito Palm.
She had a 6-cylinder 2-stroke Doxford engine generating 7500bhp
Sold in 1981 to Lifedream Cia Nav SA, Limassol; renamedCity of LobitoBroken up in 1984 after being wrecked in Sep 1983

MVLagos Palm1982Stocznia Szczecińska - 368782276816General Cargo15,575

1984 chartered to Lloyd Brasileiro and renamedLloyd Rio
Sold in 1986 to USSR and renamedBoris Andreyev.
In 1996 she was re-sold and becamePearce for a short while, before becomingNieves B until 2009 under a Spanish flag. In 2009 she was re-sold toSaint Kitts and Nevis and becameAhraf B before being broken up.

MVLobito Palm[18]1960Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Neptune Yard, Low Walker - 1978521014316General Cargo6,256
MVLobito Palm

Sister ship of theLagos Palm (1961).
She had a 6-cylinder 2-stroke Doxford engine generating 7500bhp
Sold in 1979 to Cyprus and renamedLobito Pal.
Sold in 1980 to Middle East Maritime Co Ltd. (Piraeus) and renamedMinoa.
Sold in 1980 to Minoa Maritime Enterprises Ltd. and renamedPeruvian Trader.
In 1982 renamedRichmond.
In 1983 renamedEurco and finally scrapped at Chittagong in 1983

SS Lokoja Palm1947Shipbuilding Corporation Ltd, Low Walker - 21521097310½General Cargo5,122

ex-Zarian

Ordered asEmpire Birdsay for theMOWT.
A Type-C wartime standard cargo ship. Sold in 1966 to Compagnia Navigazione Kea of Panama; renamedDespina L. In 1969 renamedNova; registered in CyprusBroken up in Dec 1971

MVLokoja Palm1982Stocznia Szczecińska - 371782277016General Cargo15,576Spent the majority of her short life with Palm Line chartered to the German companyWoermann Line and renamedWameru

In 1984 chartered to Lloyd Brasileiro and renamedLloyd Australia
Sold in 1986 to USSR and renamedMekhanik Bardetskiy

MVMakeni Palm1951Joseph L. Thompson and Sons, North Sands - 6655218028BVOCex-British Rover bought from British Petroleum in 1961 as a replacement for MVOpobo Palm

Sold in 1967 to Panama and renamedKerkennah.
Sold in 1971 and renamedPalau
Scrapped in Jun 1978 in Brindisi

MVMakurdi Palm1953AG Weser Seebeckwerft, Bremerhaven - 7435218080BVOCSee MVTema Palm
MVMatadi Palm1948Sir James Laing & Sons, Deptford Yard - 776BVOC6,246ex-Matadian

Sold for scrap in February 1963

MVMatadi Palm1970Swan Hunter, Haverton Hill - 20702524316BVOC13,700
MVMatadi Palm

A purpose-builtBVOC parcel-tanker 483 ft (147 m) in length, she carried refined vegetable oils, in up to 28 separate tanks, such as rape seed oil from northern Europe to West Africa, and returned with mainly unrefined palm oil or coconut oil.

She was built without double-bottoms for the cargo tanks, so although each tank had permanent steam coils installed - in order to maintain the oil at a constant carriage temperature of 96 °F (36 °C), with the temperature being raised to 110 °F (43 °C)-120 °F (49 °C) for discharge. This did not wholly compensate for the lack of a double-bottom and made discharging the unrefined oil in N.Europe during winter time more difficult. Getting the remainder of the expensive oil from the bottom of each tank was an arduous, manual and messy job called "puddling".

She had a 4-cylinder 2-stroke Doxford (Type J) engine. Only 483 feet (147 m) long, but with 28 separate tanks to carry several small parcels of oil cargo, for example, groundnut oil,palm kernel oil and palm oil may be shipped in different grades.
For a long period in the 1970s, following the 1966 National Union of Seaman strike, all deck crew (not officers) were fromGalicia in Spain, rather than from the British Shipping Federation.

In 1986 she was taken over byUAC and renamedMatadi.
In 1986 she was sold toTroodos Shipping & Trading Co., London and renamedModesty.

SSMendi Palm1936Deschimag Seebeck, Bremerhaven - 898General Cargo5,419ex-Leonian

Sold in 1959 to Panama and renamedRio Yape

SSNiger Palm1948Furness Shipbuilding Company, Haverton Hill - 441General Cargo5,202ex-Nigerian

Sold in 1966 to Panama and renamedTriana, but registered in Liberia.
She was eventually scrapped in October 1968

MVOguta Palm1943Furness Shipbuilders, Haverton Hill - 352General Cargo7,221ex-Lafian

Sold in 1960 to Aristidis SS Co, Piraeues and renamedAristoteles
She sank on 16 December 1962 offFunchal whilst en route from Detroit to Calcutta.

MVOpobo Palm[19]1942Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Neptune Yard, Low Walker - 1708BVOC6,083ex-Congonian

Sold 1961 to Windward Shipping Co., Hong Kong and renamedWinwar
Eventually broken up in June 1963

MVSapele Palm1954AG Weser,Bremerhaven, Germany - 7445313775General CargoSailed under the German flag & operated by a subsidiary company Ölhandel-und Transport-Gesellschaft

In 1960 transferred to Palm Line (British flag), then in 1966 sold to Panama and renamedCapetan Georgis

MVTakoradi Palm1937Deschimag Seebeck, Wesermünde - 572General Cargo5,452ex-Takoradian.

Sold in 1959 to Panama and renamedIrini's Luck, but registered in Lebanon.
Scrapped in June 1963 at Santander, Spain.

MVTema Palm1953AG Weser Seebeckwerft, Bremerhaven - 7435218080BVOC6,255Sailed under the German flag & operated by a subsidiary company Ölhandel-und Transport-Gesellschaft

1960 transferred to Palm Line (British flag) and renamedMakurdi Palm, then in 1969 sold to Peru and renamedSantamar.
Scrapped in February 1976 at Gadani Beach

SSVolta Palm1936Howaldtswerke, Hamburg - 739General Cargo5,129ex-Liberian

Sold in 1954 to Finland and renamedHermes
In 1958 renamedNoemi
Broken up in December 1960 atYokosuka.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Kohn, Roger (1970).Palm Line: The Coming of Age 1949–1970. London: Raithby, Lawrence and Company.
  • Dunn, Laurence & Heaton, P. M. (1994).Palm Line. Abergavenny, Wales: P.M. Heaton Publishing.ISBN 1-872006-01-9.

References

[edit]
  1. ^New, Stephen R (2000)."Regeneration & Decline of British Trade & Shipping Interests in West Africa - Factors That Influenced the Operation & Design of Ships in the West African Trade between 1960 & 1985"(PDF). John Moores University, Liverpool. Retrieved23 June 2020.
  2. ^"MV Ashanti Palm (1947)". www.tynebuiltships.co.uk.
  3. ^"MV Badagry Palm (1956)". www.tynebuiltships.co.uk.
  4. ^"Motor Vessel Badagry Palm". Sunderlandships.com.
  5. ^"Ship sinks off S.African coast". UPI.
  6. ^"MV Cordigliera". wrecksite.eu. 1986. Retrieved23 June 2020.
  7. ^"MV Bamenda Palm (1956)". www.tynebuiltships.co.uk.
  8. ^"The shame remains but the crime scene has disappeared"(PDF). ship-breaking.com. Retrieved18 October 2020.
  9. ^"MV Elmina Palm (1957)". www.tynebuiltships.co.uk.
  10. ^"MV Enugu Palm (1958)". www.tynebuiltships.co.uk.
  11. ^"MV Ibadan Palm (1959)". www.tynebuiltships.co.uk.
  12. ^"MV Ikeja Palm (1961)". www.tynebuiltships.co.uk.
  13. ^"MV Ilesha Palm (1961)". www.tynebuiltships.co.uk.
  14. ^"MV Ilorin Palm (1960)". www.tynebuiltships.co.uk.
  15. ^"MV Kano Palm (1958)". www.tynebuiltships.co.uk.
  16. ^"MV Katsina Palm (1957)". www.tynebuiltships.co.uk.
  17. ^"MV Lagos Palm (1961)". www.tynebuiltships.co.uk.
  18. ^"MV Lobito Palm (1960)". www.tynebuiltships.co.uk.
  19. ^"MV Opobo Palm (1942)". www.tynebuiltships.co.uk.

External links

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