Thepaleofauna of the Eocene Okanagan Highlands consists ofEarly Eocene arthropods, vertebrates, plus rare nematodes and molluscs found ingeological formations of the northwestern North AmericanEocene Okanagan Highlands. The highlands lake bed series' as a whole are considered one of the great CanadianLagerstätten. The paleofauna represents that of alate Ypresian upland temperate ecosystem immediately after thePaleocene-Eocene thermal maximum, and before the increased cooling of the middle and late Eocene to Oligocene. The fossiliferous deposits of the region were noted as early as 1873, with small amounts of systematic work happening in the 1880-90s on British Columbian sites, and 1920-30s for Washington sites. Focus and more detailed descriptive work on the Okanagan Highlands site started in the last 1970's. Most of the highlands sites are preserved ascompression-impression fossils in "shales", but also includes a rarepermineralized biota and anamber biota.

Driftwood

Horsefly

McAbee

Hat Creek

Falkland

Quilchena

Princeton

Republic

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Major Eocene Okanagan Highlands sites

The 1,000 km (620 mi) series of lacustrine deposits are located across the CentralBritish Columbia, Canada southeast to northern centralWashington state, United States. grouped informally into "Northern", "Central", and "Southern" sites.^[1] The Northern sites consist of unnamedOotsa Group formations which outcrop as the"Driftwood shales" nearSmithers, British Columbia, the "Horsefly shales", of an unnamed formation and unnamed group which outcrop aroundHorsefly, British Columbia,^[1] and possibly sites now considered lost in theQuesnel, British Columbia area,^[2] The Central sites representKamloops Group formations with theMcAbee Fossil Beds,Tranquille River site andFalkland site, all in theTranquille Formation, theQuichena site andStump Lake site in theColdwater Beds and outcrops of theChu Chua Formation nearBarriere, British Columbia. The Southern sites include thePrinceton GroupAllenby Formation sites surroundingPrinceton, British Columbia, such as "Nine Mile Creek", "One Mile Creek", "Pleasant Valley", "Thomas Ranch", "Vermilian Bluffs", and "Whipsaw Creek". ThePenticton GroupsKettle River,Marama andMarron Formations in theBoundary District along the Canada-United States border are closely correlated with theKlondike Mountain Formation across the border.^[3] The most southerly of the Okanagan Highlands lakes, the Klondike Mountain Formation in NorthernFerry County, Washington include the "Boot Hill site", "Corner Lot site", "Gold Mountain site", "Knob Hill site", and "Mount Elizabeth site".^[1]

There is debate as to the affiliation of the, potentially lost, Quesnel sites with the Greater Okanagan Highlands. Archibaldet al. (2018) in a monograph of the Highlands Hymenoptera families included them as part of the series.^[4] However the certainty for the placement was questioned earlier by Eberleet al. (2017)^[5] and Archibald and Cannings (2022) who opted to tentatively exclude Quesnel from the highlands while discussing the history of field collecting in the region.^[2]

C. bittaciformis

C. brooksi

Cimbrophlebia species
Fur Formation (left), Okanagan Highlands (right)

The Okanagan highlands represent a snapshot of lake, wetlands, and montane forest animal life which existed approximately15 million years ago after theCretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. The temperate upland lakes hosted insects, fish, birds, and mammals with the notably well preserved megafossils often retaining insect colour patterns, gnat wing membrane hairs, and whole bird feathers.^[6] In some cases the fine detail preservation of soft parts allows for the preservation of internal anatomy.^[7]

Archibald and Makarkin (2006) suggested thedisjunct distribution of genera between the Danishwestern Limfjord coastsFur Formation and theOkanagan highlands may have been enabled by rising crust elevations in the northern Atlantic region and subsequent increase in landmass during theLate Paleocene which linked Northern Europe with Greenland until at least theEarly Eocene.^[8] Several land bridge routes may have acted as migration corridors forbiotic interchange, the northernDe Geer land bridge fromFennoscandia to North America via northern Greenland, and the southernThulean land bridge from northern Britain though the Faroe Islands and then Greenland and North America. Several insect genera share disjunct distributions between the highlands and Limfjord including themecopteranCimbrophlebia, thegiant lacewingPalaeopsychops, thegreen lacewingProtochrysa, thebull dog antYpresiomyrma.^[8]

TheHat Creek Amber deposits in the central region provide evidence for small and microbiotic elements of the Okanagan Highlands forests though entombed organisms such at terrestrialnematodes andmicrowasps that otherwise would likely not be preserved in the lake environments.^[9] The highlands as a whole have been described as one of the "Great CanadianLagerstätten"^[6] based on the diversity, quality and unique nature of the biotas that are preserved. The highlands temperate biome, preserved across a large transect of lakes, recorded many of the earliest appearances of modern genera, while also documenting the last stands of ancient lines.^[6]David Grimaldiet al. (2018) during discussion of inclusions in AlaskanChickaloon amber, noted the Okanagan Highlands record of latitudinal extinctions, specifically the modern southern hemisphere endemic groupsEomeropidae mecopterans andMyrmeciinae bulldog ants.^[10]

The majority of the lake deposits arecompression fossils in lake bed sediments noted for both the paleofauna andpaleofloras, with an additional pair of important non-compression biotas. A permineralizedchert flora, thePrinceton Chert is found along the Similkameen River interbedded with coal deposits of the Ashnola shale unit, Allenby Formation known for anatomically preserved plants.^[11] In the Central sites,subbituminous coal of theHat Creek Coalfield aroundHat Creek hosts an entombment biota, theHat Creek amber, which preserves highlands faunal elements that are not found in the compression biotas.^[9][4] Initial discussion of the amber presented byGeorge Poinar, Jr.et al. (1999) suggested the Hat Creek amber producing tree was likely to be anaraucarian tree in the genusAgathis, based on unreportedmagnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis and earlier reports of the genus in Mesozoic Canada.^[12] A purported occurrence ofAraucaria at the McAbee site was used as additional support for the ambers origin.^[13] TheAgathis origin for Canadian Mesozoic amber was later called into question by Ryan McKellar and Alexander Wolfe (2010) based on a lack of any araucarian macrofossil history in the northern hemisphere^[12] the McAbee fossils having been already reidentifed as from the cupressaceousCunninghamia.^[13] Based onFourier-transform infrared spectroscopic analysis and associated amber inclusion fossils, they suggested the Mesozoic ambers of Canada to be from the extinctcupressaceous genusParataxodium.^[12] The origin of the Hat Creek ambers was further noted as likely from a cupressaceous source by Grimaldiet al. (2018) who call out a primary floral component of the host coal beingMetasequoia and that the coevalPuget GroupTiger Mountain amber of Washington state is also ofMetasequoia origins. They hypothesize that the major amber producing plant of the Paleocene Pacific Northwest forests asMetasequoia, but note that further investigation of Chickaloon, Hat Creek, Coalmont, and Tiger Mountain ambers would be needed.^[10]

Mollusks are a rare component of the highlands, usually being mentioned only in passing, such as by Mark Wilson (1977, 1978),^[14][15] and with fossils being reported from three sites only. A series of species were described from several Allenby Formation sites around Princeton by Russell (1957), who documented 4 gastropod species, and tentatively identified to genus another gastropod and a bivalve.^[16] Additional unidentified small bivalve fossils were mentioned from the Pleasant Valley site by Wilson (1977) and the Quilchena site by Wilson (1987),^[17] while unidentified gastropods were briefly mentioned by Kathleen Pigget al. (2018).^[18]

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Hydrobiidae	†Micropyrgus	†Micropyrgus camselli[16]	Princeton	A hydrobiid mud snail
Lymnaeidae	Stagnicola	†Stagnicola tulameenensis[16]	Princeton	A lymnaeine pond snail
Physidae	Aplexa	†Aplexa ricei[16]	Princeton	An aplexine bladder snail
	Physa	†Physa saxarubrensis[16]	Princeton	A physine bladder snail
Planorbidae	Ferrissia	†Ferrissia arionoides[16]	Princeton	An ancylinine ramshorn snail
	Gyraulus?	Indeterminate[16]	Princeton	A possible planorbinine ramshorn snail Not described to species
Sphaeriidae	Sphaerium?	Indeterminate[16]	Princeton	A possible sphaeriine fingernail clam Not described to species
Unidentified	Unidentified	Unidentified[14][17]	Quilchena Princeton	Unidentified freshwaterbivalves.
Unidentified	Unidentified	Unidentified[18]	Republic	Unidentified freshwatergastropods.

In the initial description of Hat Creek Amber, Poinaret al. make note of nematode specimens found in the deposit, with a brief commentary regarding them as the oldest terrestrial free-living nematode fossils to have been found up to that point, but did not give any specific taxonomic identification beyond that.^[9]

A single arachnid has been described fully from the Okanagan highlands, theNursery web spiderPalaeoperenethis thaleri, known from an adult male. This spider was likely aquatic as are the other members of the family, and based on morphological similarities, it was possibly closer in relation to African and Asian species in thePerenethis genus group then to the only modern genus in British ColumbiaDolomedes.^[19] Another spider specimen,University of Alberta 5007 was noted by Wilson (1977) from the Kamloops area, while various spiders have been attributed to the McAbee fossil beds.^[20] Undescribed male and femaleorb-web spiders were figured by Wehr (1998) from the Princeton area.^[21] Unspecified spider compression fossils were mentioned as occurring in passing by David Greenwoodet al. (2005) while discussing the increasing taxonomic richness of the highlands, but without specific site information.^[22] Additionally, undiscussed amber fossils were mentioned by Poinaret al. (1999) in their initial report of Hat Creek amber inclusions.^[9] Other arachnid evidence has been recovered in the form of fossilhymenopterans placed in families known predate or parasitize spiders. A diverse undescribed fauna of the "parasitoid" wasp familyIchneumonidae is known, some species of which are known to parasitize eggs or adult spiders. Another family,Sphecidae, which is a documented opportunistic predator of spiders and certain insects is known from a few isolated fossils at McAbee and Republic. Lastly thevespoid familyPompilidae has been found at both McAbee and Republic. This family, known as spider wasps, are behaviorally specialized as predators of spiders and a few other arachnids, provisioning newly laid eggs with a single spider as a larder to feed on while developing.^[4] Galling preserved onAcer species leaf fossils has been attributed tomites in the familyEriophyidae.^[23]

The earliest report of Crayfish from the highlands was byWesley Wehr andLisa Barksdale (1995). In a shortWashington Geology article they reported the first identified occurrence of feathers from the Klondike Mountain Formation and crayfish from both there and the McAbee site. At that time, themoulted carapace section from Republic was not identified further than as a freshwater crayfish. The McAbee specimen was tentatively identified, from photograph, as being a possibleProcambarus species fossil bymalacologistRodney M. Feldmann.^[25] Subsequently an additional series of over ten fossils were recovered from McAbee and described in 2011 asAenigmastacus crandalli by Feldmann,Carrie Schweitzer, and John Leahy.A. crandalli was placed in the southern hemisphere superfamilyParastacoidea based on several morphological characters, and they noted this species to be the only northern hemisphere member of the superfamily.^[26]

At the Quilchena site, brief mention was reported in 2016 ofostracod fossils, though no further discussion or description has happened.^[27]

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Parastacidae	Aenigmastacus	Aenigmastacus crandalli[26]	McAbee	Aparastacidcrayfish. first illustrated asProcambarus sp. (1995)[25][26]
unidentified	Unidentified	unidentified[25]	Republic	An unidentified crayfish
unidentified	Unidentified	unidentified[28][27]	Quilchena	Unidentified ostracod shells

In the initial description of Hat Creek Amber, Poinaret al. make note of a single adultCorydiinae cockroach specimen found in the amber, with a brief commentary on the modern tropical-subtropical distribution of that subfamily and a lack of any native cockroach species in western Canada, but did not give any specific taxonomic identification for the specimen beyond that.^[9]

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Blaberidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[27][22]	Driftwood McAbee Quilchena Republic	UndescribedDiplopterinecockroaches.
Blattoidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[29]	Republic	Ablattoideancockroach Not described to genus/species
Corydiidae	Unidentified	Unidentified[9]	Hat Creek	An undescribedcorydiine cockroach
Hodotermitidae	Unidentified	Unidentified[20]	McAbee	Harvester termites Not described to genus/species
Mastotermitidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[24][14][22][20]	Driftwood Falkland McAbee Horsefly Princeton	Darwintermites Not described to genus/species
undescribed	Undescribed	Undescribed[29]	Republic	Undescribedtermites of uncertain affiliation

The order Coleoptera is divided into four major lineages,Adephaga,Archostemata,Myxophaga, andPolyphaga, with the last group being the most species diverse of the four. Hat Creek amber has provided one fully described beetle speciesPrionocerites tattriei,^[30] which is known from a larval stage specimen first reported by Poinaret al. (1999).^[9] The species and genus were the first North American taxon from the family to be described.^[30]

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Carabidae	Amara	†Amara paleomelas[31]	Quilchena	Asun beetle First described asNebria paleomelas[32]
	Cf.Amara	Undescribed[27]	Quilchena	Asun beetle relative
	Undescribed	Undescribed[29][33][27][20]	McAbee Quilchena Republic	Undescribedground beetles.
Dytiscidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[29]	Republic	Adiving beetle
Undescribed	Undescribed	Undescribed[33]	Princeton	Acaraboid superfamily beetle Displays traits similar to bothtiger beetles andscarabs not identified to genus or species

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Brentidae	†Eoceneithycerus	†Eoceneithycerus carpenteri[34]	Republic	AnIthycerinaeweevil
	†Ithyceroides	†Ithyceroides klondikensis[35]	Republic	AnIthycerinaeweevil
Cerambycidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[29][33][20]	McAbee Quilchena? Republic	long-horn beetles Not described to genus/species
Chrysomelidae	†Cryptocephalites	†Cryptocephalites punctatus[36]	Princeton	Acryptocephalineleaf beetle[37]
	Galerucella	†Galerucella picea[32]	Princeton	Aleaf beetle
	Caryobruchus–Speciomerus genus group	Undescribed[38]	Driftwood? McAbee Quilchena Republic	palm beetles, originally identified ascf. tribeCaryopemina.[27]
	Undescribed	Undescribed[29][20]	McAbee Republic	leaf beetles Not described to genus/species
Curculionidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[29][33][27][20]	Horsefly McAbee Quilchena Republic	Undescribed weevils
Mordellidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[20]	McAbee	Pintail beetles Not described to genus/species
Prionoceridae	†Prionocerites	†Prionocerites tattriei[30]	Hat Creek	APrionocerid beetle Described from a larval specimen First reported by Poinaret al. (1999 Fig.7) as "A beetle larva"
Tenebrionidae	Tenebrio	†Tenebrio primigenius[32]	Princeton	Adarkling beetle
Cf.Cleridae	Undescribed	Undescribed[20]	McAbee	Undescribedcheckered beetle relatives
Cf.Erotylidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[27]	Quilchena	Undescribedpleasing fungus beetle relatives.
Unidentified	Undescribed	Undescribed[33]	Republic	Acucujiform beetle not identified to family

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Buprestidae	Buprestis	†Buprestis saxigena[32][36]	Quilchena	Ajewel beetle
		†Buprestis sepulta[32]	Quilchena	Ajewel beetle
		†Buprestis tertiaria[32]	Quilchena	Ajewel beetle
Cantharidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[33]	McAbee(?) Princeton	Asoldier beetle not identified to genus or species
Elateridae	Ligmargus	†Ligmargus terrestris[39]	Quilchena	Aclick beetle First described asCryptohypnus? terrestris[32]
	Limonius	†Limonius impunctus[36][39]	Princeton	aclick beetle
	†Elaterites	undescribed[36]	Quilchena	Aclick beetle.
	Undescribed	Undescribed[29][33][20]	McAbee Princeton Republic	undescribedclick beetles

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Lucanidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[29][33]	Republic	Astag beetle
Passalidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[20]	McAbee	Bess beetles Not described to genus/species
Trogidae	Trox	†Trox oustaleti[32]	Princeton	Ahide beetle
Undescribed	Undescribed	Undescribed[33][27]	Quilchena	Undescribedscarab superfamily beetles.

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Hydrophilidae	Cercyon?	†Cercyon? terrigena[32]	Quilchena	Awater scavenger beetle
Staphylinidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[27]	Quilchena	UndescribedOmaliinaerove beetles.
Unidentified	Undescribed	Undescribed[33]	Republic	A possiblestaphylinoid beetle not described

Earwig fossils were first noted from republic bypaleoentomologist Standley Lewis (1992) in his initial report of the insect diversity at Republic. He noted the fossils to be some of the oldest Eocene demapterans in North America at that time and figured one undescribed specimen consisting of a females abdomen section andcerci.^[29] Lewis (1994) tentatively identified the earwigs as members of familyForficulidae based on the shape of the cerci, and illustrated four female fossils, identified as such from the simple straight nature of the cercus. Lewis also suggested two different species were present, based on the differing lengths of the female cerci.^[40]

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
?Forficulidae	Undescribed	"Forficulid species 1"[40]	Republic	Aforficulid? earwig species with long cerci
		"Forficulid species 2"[40]	Republic	Aforficulid? earwig species with short cerci
		Unidentified[20]	McAbee	A possibleforficulid earwig Not described to genus/species
Forficulidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[27]	Quilchena	Aforficuline earwig of undetermined placement

The most common animal fossils at many of the highlands sites arebibionidmarch flies,^[22] with over twenty species from the generaPenthetria andPlecia described.^[41] The modern diversity of the family is greatest in lower latitudes, andPlecia only reaches northward to the warm temperate areas of southeastern North America.^[22] In the initial description of Hat Creek Amber, Poinaret al. make note of dipteran inclusions found in the deposit but did not give any specific taxonomic identification of taxa or illustrate any specimen.^[9]

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Agromyzidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[42]	Princeton	Trace fossils Agromyzid leaf mining Not described to genus/species
Dolichopodidae	Microphor	†Microphor defunctus[43]	Princeton	Along-legged fly First described asMicrophorus defunctus (1910),[44] Moved toMicrophor defunctus (1994)[43]
Empididae	Undescribed	Undescribed[24][33]	Driftwood Horsefly Republic	dagger flies Not described to genus/species
Pipunculidae	†Metanephrocerus	†Metanephrocerus belgardeae[45]	Republic	Abig headed fly
	Indeterminate	indeterminate[27][45]	Quilchena	Big headed flies, too incomplete to describe to genus
Rhagionidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[33]	Quilchena	snipe flies Not described to genus/species
Syrphidae	Unidentified	Unidentified[24][27][20][46]	Driftwood Horsefly McAbee Quilchena Republic	hover flies or, less likely,thick headed flies Not described to genus/species

The highlands have been noted for the number of Bibionid taxa named in the early work on British Columbian sites. Over 25 unique species have been ascribed to the fossils, with the current count sitting at 22, but doubt has been raised as to the true number of species present and around the generic affinities. The first species was described by Scudder (1879 from the Allenby Formation, while the largest number of species were named by Handlirsch (1910). Following the practice of the time, both Scudder and Handlirsch placed their species in the genusPenthetria. Harrington Molesworth Anthony Rice (1959) reviewed the British Columbian bibionids, notably deeming the majority of species as belonging toPlecia or an undescribed extinct genus and notPenthetria.^[41] This placement decision has been questioned however, with Giuseppe Gentilini (1991) asserting the majority of highlands species should be returned toPenthetria.^[47] Rice, noted to be a "splitter",^[14] also noted the large overlap between the morphology of two species groups and mused that larger collection samples may reveal each group to be single species. He called out in the species discussions the similarities betweenPlecia avus,P. canadensis,P. dilatata,P. pictipennis,P. pulchra, andP. transitoria, and the similarities betweenP. curtula,P. nana,P. pulla, andP. reducta.^[41]

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Bibionidae	Penthetria?	†Penthetria? fryi[41]	Driftwood Princeton	A possiblepenthetrianmarch fly
	Penthetria	†Penthetria intermedia[41]	Driftwood	Aplecianmarchfly First described asMycetophaetus intermedius (1892),[48] moved toPlecia intermedia (1959)[41] moved toPenthetria intermedia (1999)[49]
		†Penthetria whipsawensis[41]	Princeton	Apenthetrianmarch fly
	Plecia	†Plecia angustipennis[41]	Horsefly Quilchena	Aplecianmarchfly First described asPenthetria angustipennis (1910),[44] moved toPlecia angustipennis (1959)[41]
		†Plecia avus[41]	Driftwood Tranquille Princeton	Aplecianmarchfly First described asPenthetria avus (1910),[44] moved toPlecia avus (1959)[41] Possibly synonymous withPl. canadensis,Pl. dilatata,Pl. pictipennis,Pl. pulchra, andPl. transitoria[41]
		†Plecia cairnesi[41]	Driftwood Falkland	Aplecianmarchfly
		†Plecia canadensis[41]	Driftwood Quilchena? Princeton Tranquille	Aplecianmarchfly First described asPenthetria canadensis (1910),[44] moved toPlecia canadensis (1959)[41] Possibly synonymous withPl. avusPl. dilatata,Pl. pictipennis,Pl. pulchra, andPl. transitoria[41]
		†Plecia curtula[41]	Driftwood Horsefly Princeton	Aplecianmarchfly First described asPenthetria curtula (1910),[44] moved toPlecia curtula (1959)[41] Pe. avunculus (1910) considered a jr synonym (1959) Possibly synonymous withPl. nana,Pl. pulla, andPl. reducta[41]
		†Plecia dilatata[41]	Horsefly Princeton	Aplecianmarchfly First described asPenthetria dilatata (1910),[44] moved toPlecia dilatata (1959)[41] Possibly synonymous withPl. avus,Pl. canadensis,Pl. pictipennis,Pl. pulchra, andPl. transitoria[41]
		†Plecia elatior[41]	Princeton	Aplecianmarchfly First described asPenthetria elatior (1910),[44] moved toPlecia elatior (1959)[41]
		†Plecia kelownaensis[41]	Driftwood Mission Creek	Aplecianmarchfly
		†Plecia minutula[41]	Princeton	Aplecianmarchfly
		†Plecia nana[41]	Princeton	Aplecianmarchfly First described asPenthetria nana (1910),[44] moved toPlecia nana (1959)[41] Possibly synonymous withPl. curtula,Pl. pulla, andPl. reducta[41]
		†Plecia pictipennis[41]	Princeton Quilchena	Aplecianmarchfly First described asPenthetria pictipennis (1910),[44] moved toPlecia pictipennis (1959)[41] Pe. lambei (1910),Pe. ovalis (1910), &Pe. separanda (1910) considered jr synonyms (1959)[41] Possibly synonymous withPl. avus,Pl. canadensis,Pl. dilatata,Pl. pulchra, andPl. transitoria[41]
		†Plecia platyptera[41]	Horsefly	Aplecianmarchfly First described asPenthetria platyptera (1910),[44] moved toPlecia platyptera (1959)[41]
		†Plecia pulchra[41]	Princeton	Aplecianmarchfly First described asPenthetria pulchra (1910),[44] moved toPlecia pulchra (1959)[41] Possibly synonymous withPl. avus,Pl. canadensis,Pl. dilatata,Pl. pictipennis, andPl. transitoria[41]
		†Plecia pulla[41]	Princeton	Aplecianmarchfly First described asPenthetria pulla (1910),[44] moved toPlecia pulla (1959)[41] Pe. brevipes (1910) considered a jr synonym (1959) Possibly synonymous withPl. curtula,Pl. nana, andPl. reducta[41]
		†Plecia reducta[41]	Driftwood Horsefly Princeton	Aplecianmarchfly First described asPenthetria reducta (1910),[44] moved toPlecia reducta (1959)[41] Possibly synonymous withPl. curtula,Pl. nana, andPl. pulla[41]
		†Plecia similkameena[32]	Princeton Tranquille	Aplecianmarchfly First described asPenthetria similkameena (1879)[32] moved toPlecia similkameena (1885)[50]
		†Plecia transitoria[41]	Driftwood Horsefly Princeton Tranquille	Aplecianmarchfly First described asPenthetria transitoria (1910),[44] moved toPlecia transitoria (1959)[41] Pe. falcatula (1910) &Pe. fragmentum (1910) considered jr synonyms (1959)[41] Possibly synonymous withPl. avus,Pl. canadensis,Pl. dilatata,Pl. pictipennis, andPl. pulchra[41]
		†Plecia tulameenensis[41]	Princeton Tranquille	Aplecianmarchfly
	Undescribed	Undescribed[29]	Republic	Amarch fly Not described to genus/species
Bolitophilidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[46]	Horsefly	Abolitophilid fungus gnat Not described to genus/species
Cecidomyiidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[42]	Princeton Republic	Trace fossils Cecidomyiid midge galling on various host leaves Not described to genus/species
Cylindrotomidae	Unidentified	Unidentified[20]	McAbee	long-bodied craneflies Not described to genus/species
Keroplatidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[46]	Horsefly	A possiblekeroplatid fungus gnat Not described to genus/species
Limoniidae	Unidentified	Unidentified[20]	McAbee	Limoniid craneflies Not described to genus/species
Mycetophilidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[46]	Horsefly	Agnoristinefungus gnat Not described to genus/species
	Undescribed	Undescribed[46]	Horsefly	Aleiinefungus gnat Not described to genus/species
	Undescribed	Undescribed[46]	Horsefly	Amycetophilinefungus gnat Not described to genus/species
	Undescribed	Undescribed[46]	Horsefly	Amycomyiinefungus gnat Not described to genus/species
	Undescribed	Undescribed[46]	Horsefly	Asciophilinefungus gnat Not described to genus/species
	Undescribed	Undescribed[24][29][33][27][20]	Driftwood McAbee Quilchena Princeton Republic	fungus gnats unplaced to subfamily Not described to genus/species
Ptychopteridae	†Etoptychoptera	†Etoptychoptera tertiaria[51]	Princeton	Aphantom cranefly
Sciaridae	Unidentified	Unidentified[24][33]	Driftwood Horsefly Quilchena	dark-winged fungus gnats Not described to genus/species
Tipulidae	Tipula	†Tipula tulameena[44]	Princeton	Acranefly
	Undescribed	Undescribed[24][29][33][27][20][46]	Driftwood Horsefly McAbee Princeton Quilchena Republic	crane flies Not described to genus/species
Trichoceridae	Unidentified	Unidentified[20]	McAbee	winter craneflies Not described to genus/species
Unidentified	Unidentified	Unidentified[9]	Hat Creek	Unidentified dipteran specimens in amber

Lewis (1992) listed one species ofHeptageniidae and three specimens that he did not place to family from Republic.^[29] The next year Lewis and Wehr (1993) gave a slightly more detailed description of the specimens again identifying one to Heptageniidae, possibly in the generaHeptagenia orStenonema.^[52] The specimens were later examined byNina D. Sinitchenkova (1999) who described one as asquaregill mayfly and the oldest member of the genusNeoephemera, confirmed the Heptageniidaeidentification but that it was unidentifiable to genus. The last specimen she confirmed as an ephemeropteran, but unidentifiable below order level.^[53]

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Heptageniidae	Indeterminate	Indeterminate[53][20]	McAbee Republic	Aflat headed mayfly not identifiable to genus
Neoephemeridae	Neoephemera	†Neoephemera antiqua[53]	Republic	Asquaregill mayfly

Greenwoodet al. (2005) briefly discussed the prevalence ofAphid fossils at highlands sites where the taphonomic factors allowed for fine detail preservation such as in the Driftwood shales.^[22] Poinaret al. (1999) made note of hemipteran specimens found in Hat Creek Amber but did not give any specific taxonomic identification or illustrate any specimens.^[9]

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Aphrophoridae	Aphrophora	Aphrophora angusta[44]	Princeton	Anaphrophorinespittle bug hindwing species.
		"Indeterminate"[54]	Princeton	Anaphrophorinespittle bug not described to species.
		Undescribed[29]	Republic	Anaphrophorid spittlebug Not described to species.
	†Palaeoptysma	†Palaeoptysma venosa[54]	Princeton	Aspittle bug
	†Palaphrodes	"Indeterminate"[50]	Princeton	Anaphrophorinespittle bug not described to species.
	†Petrolystra	Undescribed[29]	Republic	Anaphrophorid spittlebug Not described to species.
	†Ptysmaphora	†Ptysmaphora fletcheri[54]	Princeton	Aspittle bug
Cercopidae	Cercopis	†Cercopis grandescens[54]	Princeton	Afroghopper
		†Cercopis selwyni[32]	Princeton	Afroghopper
	†Cercopites	†Cercopites torpescens[54]	Princeton	Afroghopper
	†Dawsonites	†Dawsonites veter[54]	Princeton	Afroghopper
	†Palecphora	Undescribed[50][29]	Princeton Republic	Afroghopper not described to species.
	†Stenecphora	†Stenecphora punctulata[54]	Princeton	Afroghopper
	†Stenolocris	†Stenolocris venosa[54]	Princeton	Afroghopper
	Undescribed	Undescribed[24][29][27][20]	Driftwood McAbee Quilchena Republic	cercopid froghoppers Not described to genus/species.
Cicadellidae	Coelidia	†Coelidia columbiana[32]	Princeton	Aleafhopper
	Undescribed	Undescribed[24][27][20]	Driftwood McAbee Quilchena	leafhoppers Not described to genus/species.
Cicadidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[20]	McAbee	True cicadas Not described to Family/genus/species
Cixiidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[27]	Quilchena	Acixiid planthopper Not described to genus/species.
Fulgoridae	Enchophora	"Indeterminate"[54]	Princeton	Anenchophorinelantern bug not described to species.
Ricaniidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[27][20]	McAbee Quilchena	Aricaniid planthopper Not described to genus/species.
Undescribed	Undescribed	Undescribed[29]	Republic	Afulgoroidean hopper Not described to family/genus/species.
Incertae sedis	†Planophlebia	†Planophlebia gigantea[55]	Princeton	A hemipteran[32] of uncertain placement

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Cf.Coreidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[20]	McAbee	Relatives ofleaf-footed bugs Not described to Family/genus/species
Cydnidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[27]	Quilchena	Acydnid burrowing bug Not described to genus/species.
Dinidoridae	Megymenum	Undescribed[27][22]	Quilchena	Adinidoridshield bug Not described to genus/species.
Gerridae	Gerris	Undescribed[20]	McAbee	gerrinewater striders Not described to genus/species
	Limnoporus	†Limnoporus wilsoni[27][56]	Driftwood	Agerrinewater strider[57]
	†Telmatrechus	†Telmatrechus defunctus[27][57]	Quilchena	Agerrinewater strider First described as"Gerris" defunctus (1910)[44]
		†Telmatrechus stali[27][57]	Princeton	Agerrinewater strider First described as"Hygrotrechus" stali (1879),[32] later moved to"Gerris" stali (1910)[44]
Pentatomidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[24][29]	Princeton Republic	AShield or stink bug Not described to genus/species
Cf.Pentatomidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[27]	Quilchena	Pentatomoid shield bugs of uncertain familial placement Not described to genus/species.

Archibald,Mathewes, & Aase (2023) reported aTitanomyrma species ant queen fromAllenby Formation, and noted the range extension forFormiciinae into the highlands, as the subfamily was previously considered a strictlythermophilic ant group. Due to complications arising from preservational distortion duringdiagenesis, they were unable to determine the correct size of the queen in life. If the distortion was lateral, then compression to bilateral symmetry yielded an adult length of approximately 3.3 cm (1.3 in), placing it the same range asFormicium berryi andF. brodiei, known only from wings, and suggested as possible males. Conversely stretching the fossil to bilateral symmetry results in a larger 5 cm (2.0 in) length estimate, placing it as comparable to queens ofT. lubei andT. simillima.^[58]

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Cephidae	†Cuspilongus	†Cuspilongus cachecreekensis[4]	McAbee	Acuspilonginecephidsawfly
	Undescribed	"Undescribed[4]	Horsefly	Acephinecephidsawfly Not described to genus/species
Cimbicidae[4]	†Allenbycimbex[59]	†Allenbycimbex morrisae[59]	Princeton	Acenocimbicinecimbicid sawfly.
	†Leptostigma[59]	†Leptostigma alaemacula[59]	Republic	Acenocimbicinecimbicid sawfly.
		†Leptostigma brevilatum[59]	McAbee Republic	Acenocimbicinecimbicid sawfly.
		†Leptostigma fasciatum[59]	McAbee	Acenocimbicinecimbicid sawfly.
		†Leptostigma longiclava[59]	McAbee	Acenocimbicinecimbicid sawfly.
		†Leptostigma longipallidum[59]	McAbee	Acenocimbicinecimbicid sawfly.
		†Leptostigma longitenebricum[59]	McAbee	Acenocimbicinecimbicid sawfly.
		†Leptostigma proxivena[59]	McAbee	Acenocimbicinecimbicid sawfly.
	Unidentified	Unidentified[59]	McAbee	Acimbicid sawfly of indeterminate subfamily.
Pamphiliidae	†Ulteramus	†Ulteramus republicensis[60]	Republic	A parasitic wasp
Siricidae	†Eourocerus	†Eourocerus anguliterreus[61]	Republic	Asiricidhorntail.
	†Ypresiosirex	†Ypresiosirex orthosemos[4]	McAbee	Asiricinesiricidsawfly
Tenthredinidae	Eriocampa	†Eriocampa tulameenensis[62][4]	Princeton	Anallantinetenthredinidsawfly
	Pseudosiobla	†Pseudosiobla campbelli[62][4]	Horsefly	Anallantinetenthredinidsawfly
	Undescribed	Undescribed[4]	McAbee	Sawflys of thetenthredinid subfamilyAllantinae Not described
		Undescribed[4]	McAbee	Sawflys of thetenthredinid subfamilyBlennocampinae Not described
		Undescribed[4]	McAbee	Sawflys of thetenthredinid subfamilyNematinae Not described
		Undescribed[4]	McAbee	Sawflys of thetenthredinid subfamilyTenthredininae Not described
		Undescribed[4]	Driftwood Horsefly McAbee Quilchena Republic	Sawflys of the familyTenthredinidae, unplaced to subfamily Not described

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Braconidae	Bracon	Undescribed[32]	Princeton	ABracon sensu lato species wasp.
	Undescribed	Undescribed[4]	Driftwood Horsefly McAbee Quilchena Republic	braconid parasitic wasps unplaced to subfamily Not described to genus/species
Cynipidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[42]	Princeton Republic	Trace fossils cynipidCynipoid gallwasp galling on various host leaves Not described to genus/species
Cynipidae (?)	Undescribed	Undescribed[33][4]	Horsefly Quilchena	cynipidCynipoid gallwasps Not described to species
Diapriidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[4]	Driftwood Horsefly McAbee Republic	diapriiddiaprioid wasps Not described to genus/species
Figitidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[4]	McAbee	figitidcynipoid wasps Not described to genus/species
Heloridae	Undescribed	Undescribed[4]	McAbee	heloridproctotrupoid wasps Not described
Ichneumonidae	Xorides	†Xorides lambei[44]	Princeton	Axoridineichneumon parasitic wasp First described asXylonomus lambei.
	Undescribed	Undescribed[33][4]	Driftwood Horsefly McAbee Quilchena Princeton Republic	ichneumonid parasitic wasps unplaced to subfamily Not described
Megaspilidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[4]	Hat Creek	ceraphronoidMegaspilid parasitic wasps Not described
Monomachidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[4]	McAbee	monomachiddiaprioid wasps Not described
Peradeniidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[4]	McAbee	peradeniidproctotrupoid wasps Not described
Proctotrupidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[4]	Driftwood Horsefly McAbee Republic	proctotrupid parasitic wasps Not described
Roproniidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[4]	Republic	roproniid (sensu lato)proctotrupoid wasps Not described
incertae sedis[4]	Undescribed	Undescribed	Driftwood Hat Creek McAbee	Chalcidoid superfamily wasps Not described to family/genus/species
		Undescribed[4]	Hat Creek	mymarommatoid microhymenopterans Not described to family/genus/species

subfamily	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Dolichoderinae	Dolichoderus	Undescribed[4]	Hat Creek	Dolichoderus species ants.[4] Not described to species
	Undescribed	Undescribed[4]	McAbee	Dolichoderine ants.[4] Not described to genus/species
Formiciinae	†Titanomyrma	Indeterminate[58]	Princeton	Aformiciine titan ant. Unplaced to species
Formicinae	†Eoecophylla	†Eoecophylla quilchenensis[63]	Quilchena	Aweaver ant related to modernOecophylla The most abundant ants at Quilchena
	Oecophylla	†Oecophylla kraussei[64]	Republic	Aweaver ant first described asCamponotites kraussei[65][4][63]
	Indeterminate	indeterminate[63]	McAbee	Aweaver ant tribe worker Possibly belonging to either †Eoecophylla orOecophylla
	Undescribed	Undescribed[4]	Hat Creek	Formicinae subfamily ants.[4] Not described to species First published asTechnomyrmex by Poinaret al., (1999)
Myrmeciinae	†Avitomyrmex	†Avitomyrmex elongatus[66][4]	McAbee	Amyrmeciinebulldog ant.[4]
		†Avitomyrmex mastax[66][4]	McAbee	Amyrmeciinebulldog ant.[4]
		†Avitomyrmex systenus[66][4]	McAbee	Amyrmeciinebulldog ant.[4]
	†Macabeemyrma	†Macabeemyrma ovata[66][4]	McAbee	Amyrmeciinebulldog ant.[4]
	†Myrmeciites	†Myrmeciites? goliath[66][4]	McAbee	Amyrmeciinebulldog ant.[4]
		†Myrmeciites? tabanifluviensis[66][4]	Horsefly	Amyrmeciinebulldog ant.[4]
		†Myrmeciites herculeanus[66][4]	McAbee	Amyrmeciinebulldog ant.[4]
		"Indeterminate"[66][4]	Falkland Republic	bull dog ants not distinct to species
	†Propalosoma	†Propalosoma gutierrezae[64]	Republic	Amyrmeciinebulldog ant, first described as arhopalosomatid wasp.[4]
	†Ypresiomyrma	†Ypresiomyrma bartletti[66][4]	McAbee	Amyrmeciinebulldog ant.[4]
		†Ypresiomyrma orbiculata[66][4]	McAbee	Amyrmeciinebulldog ant.[4]
	Undescribed	Undescribed[4]	McAbee	Myrmeciinae ants.[4] Not described to species
Myrmicine	Undescribed	Undescribed[4]	Hat Creek	Myrmicine ants of eitherLeptothorax orTetramorium[4] Not described to species
Incertae sedis	†Klondikia	†Klondikia whiteae[67][4]	Republic	An ant of uncertain subfamily placement[4]
	Undescribed	Undescribed[33][4]	Driftwood Hat Creek Horsefly McAbee Princeton Quilchena Republic	Ants of uncertain subfamily placement.[4]

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Angarosphecidae	†Eosphecium	†Eosphecium naumanni[4]	Quilchena	Aspheciform wasp.
		Undescribed[4]	Driftwood McAbee Republic	Spheciform wasps. Not described to species
	Undescribed	Undescribed[4]	McAbee Princeton Republic	Spheciform wasps, likely notEosphecium. Not described to species
Apidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[4]	McAbee	Apid bees Not described to species
Halictidae (?)	Halictus?	†Halictus? savenyei[4]	Quilchena	Asweat bee of uncertain generic placement
	Undescribed	Undescribed[4]	McAbee Republic	sweat bees Not described
Megachilidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[4]	Horsefly McAbee Republic	Megachilid leaf-cutter beeherbivorytrace fossils on leaves Not described to species
Sphecidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[4]	McAbee Republic	Sphecid (sensu stricto) wasps Not described

A solitary complete adult femalelepidopteran fossil has been recovered, but no full descriptive work has been published on the specimen, aside from a single PhD dissertation.^[33] Early examination placed the moth in the familyGeometridae, but later work has identified it as the oldest member of thetiger moth subfamilyArctiinae.^[68] Two additional isolated wing fossils have been found with one tentatively placed withinNoctuidae based on the wing venation and structure,^[33] while the second has not been placed beyond order level.^[69] Laval mining and hole feeding damage on leaves has been attributed to the familiesColeophoridae,Gracillariidae,Heliozelidae,Incurvariidae, andNepticulidae^[42][70]

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Coleophoridae	Cf.Coleophora	Undescribed[42][69]	Republic	Trace fossils Coleophorid hole feeding and larval cases similar toColeophora Not described to genus/species
Erebidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[68]	Republic	Anarctiinetiger moth Not described to genus/species
Gracillariidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[42][20]	McAbee	Trace fossils Gracillariid leaf mining similar toPhyllocnistinae subfamily mines Not described to genus/species
Heliozelidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[42][70]	Republic	Trace fossils heliozelid leaf mining similar toAntispila mines Not described to genus/species
Incurvariidae	Aff.Incurvaria	Undescribed[42]	Republic	Trace fossils incurvariid leaf mining similar toIncurvaria Not described to genus/species
Nepticulidae	Stigmella	Undescribed[42]	Republic	Trace fossils nepticulid leaf mining referred toStigmella Not described to genus/species
Pyralidae?	Stigmella	Undescribed[42]	Republic	Trace fossils nepticulid leaf mining referred toStigmella Not described to genus/species
Noctuidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[33]	Quilchena	A possibleowlet moth Not described to genus/species
Undescribed	Undescribed	Undescribed[69]	Princeton chert	A lepidopteran forewing Not described to family/genus/species

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Bittacidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[20]	McAbee	hangingfly specimens Not described to genus/species
†Cimbrophlebiidae	†Cimbrophlebia	†Cimbrophlebia brooksi[71]	Republic	ACimbrophlebiid scorpionfly
		†Cimbrophlebia flabelliformis[71]	McAbee	ACimbrophlebiid scorpionfly
		†Cimbrophlebia leahyi[71]	McAbee	ACimbrophlebiid scorpionfly
		†Cimbrophlebia westae[71]	Republic	ACimbrophlebiid scorpionfly
†Dinopanorpidae	†Dinokanaga	†Dinokanaga andersoni[72]	Republic	ADinopanorpid scorpion fly
		†Dinokanaga dowsonae[72]	Falkland Horsefly McAbee Republic	ADinopanorpid scorpion fly
		†Dinokanaga hillsi[72]	McAbee	ADinopanorpid scorpion fly
		†Dinokanaga sternbergi[72]	Republic	ADinopanorpid scorpion fly
		†Dinokanaga webbi[72]	Horsefly	ADinopanorpid scorpion fly
		†Dinokanaga wilsoni[72]	Princeton	ADinopanorpid scorpion fly
Eomeropidae	†Eomerope	†Eomerope eonearctica[73]	McAbee	AnEomeropid scorpionfly
		†Eomerope macabeensis[74]	McAbee	AnEomeropid scorpionfly
		†Eomerope simpkinsae[73]	Princeton	AnEomeropid scorpionfly
†Eorpidae	†Eorpa	†Eorpa elverumi[75]	Republic	Aneorpid scorpionfly
		†Eorpa jurgeni[75]	Quilchena	Aneorpid scorpionfly
		†Eorpa ypsipeda[75]	Falkland? McAbee Republic?	Aneorpid scorpionfly
†Holcorpidae	†Holcorpa	†Holcorpa dillhoffi[76]	McAbee	Aholcorpid scorpionfly
Panorpidae	Undescribed	Undescribed[75]	McAbee Republic	Undescribedcommon scorpionflies Not described to genus/species

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Berothidae	†Microberotha	†Microberotha macculloughi[13]	Hat Creek	Abeaded lacewing
Chrysopidae	†Adamsochrysa	†Adamsochrysa aspera[77]	McAbee	Anothochrysinegreen lacewing
		†Adamsochrysa wilsoni[77]	Republic	Anothochrysinegreen lacewing
	†Archaeochrysa	†Archaeochrysa profracta[77]	McAbee	Anothochrysinegreen lacewing
		†Archaeochrysa sanikwa[78]	Driftwood	Anothochrysinegreen lacewing
	†Lithochrysa	†Lithochrysa borealis[79]	Driftwood	Anothochrysinegreen lacewing
	†Okanaganochrysa	†Okanaganochrysa coltsunae[77]	McAbee	Anothochrysinegreen lacewing
	†Protochrysa	†Protochrysa fuscobasalis[77]	McAbee	Alimaiinegreen lacewing
	†Pseudochrysopa	†Pseudochrysopa harveyi[77]	Driftwood	Anothochrysinegreen lacewing
†Corydasialidae	†Ypresioneura	†Ypresioneura obscura[80]	McAbee	Acorydasialidlacewing First suggested to be amegalopterans, later deemed aneuropteran.
Hemerobiidae	†Archibaldia	†Archibaldia wehri[81][82][83]	Republic	Ahemerobiid lacewing originally placed in †Cretomerobius Moved to †Proneuronema (2016) Moved to †Archibaldia (2023)
	Wesmaelius	†Wesmaelius mathewesi[81]	Quilchena	Ahemerobiinebrown lacewing.
	Undescribed	Undescribed[20]	McAbee	Brown lacewing specimens Not described to genus/species
Ithonidae	†Allorapisma	†Allorapisma chuorum[84]	Republic	An Ithonid groupmoth lacewing
	†Palaeopsychops	†Palaeopsychops barthae[85]	Republic	A polystechotid groupmoth lacewing
		†Palaeopsychops dodgeorum[86]	Quilchena	A polystechotid groupmoth lacewing First mentioned by Archibald & Mathewes 2000 as cf Osmylidae or Polystoechotidae
		†Palaeopsychops douglasae[86]	Quilchena	A polystechotid groupmoth lacewing
		†Palaeopsychops goodwini[85]	Republic	A polystechotid groupmoth lacewing
		†Palaeopsychops marringerae[86]	Republic	A polystechotid groupmoth lacewing
		†Palaeopsychops setosus[86]	Horsefly	A polystechotid groupmoth lacewing
		†Palaeopsychops timmi[86]	Republic	A polystechotid groupmoth lacewing
		†Palaeopsychops sp. indet[85]	McAbee	A polystechotid groupmoth lacewing Too poorly preserved to assign to species.
	†Polystoechotites	†Polystoechotites barksdalae[86]	Republic	A polystechotid groupmoth lacewing
		†Polystoechotites falcatus[86]	Republic	A polystechotid groupmoth lacewing
		†Polystoechotites lewisi[86]	Republic	A polystechotid groupmoth lacewing
	†Ricaniella	†Ricaniella antiquata[87]	Princeton	A Polystoechotid-groupmoth lacewing[88] moved fromRicania antiquata (1895)[89]
	Undescribed	Undescribed[20]	McAbee	Polystoechotid-groupmoth lacewings Not described to genus/species
Nymphidae	†Epinesydrion	†Epinesydrion falklandensis[90]	Falkland	Asplit-footed lacewing, possibly sister species to †Nymphes georgei
	Nymphes	†Nymphes(?) georgei[91]	Republic	Asplit-footed lacewing Possibly related toEpinesydrion
Osmylidae	†Osmylidia	†Osmylidia donnae[92]	Quilchena	Aprotosmylineosmylid lacewing
		†Osmylidia glastrai[92]	Republic	Aprotosmylineosmylid lacewing
		Indeterminate[92]	Driftwood	Aprotosmylineosmylid lacewing, not detailed enough for species description
	Undescribed	Undescribed[20]	McAbee	osmylid lacewing specimens Not described to genus/species
Psychopsidae?	†Ainigmapsychops	†Ainigmapsychops inexspectatus[93]	Republic	A possiblepsychopsid lacewing
Undescribed	Undescribed	Undescribed[20]	McAbee	Members of an undescribed neuropteran family