| Pakračka Poljana camp | |
|---|---|
| Prison camp | |
| Location | Pakračka Poljana,Croatia |
| Operational | November 1991 – February 1992 |
| Inmates | PrimarilyCroatian Serbs but also others |
| Killed | 22[1]–43[2]–70[3] |
ThePakračka Poljana camp was a makeshift prison camp whereCroatian Serb civilians along with some Croats were held, tortured and executed by members of theCroatian Special Police commanded byTomislav Merčep during theCroatian War of Independence. It was located inPakračka Poljana, a village between the towns ofPakrac andKutina.
In 1990, following theelectoral defeat of the government of theSocialist Republic of Croatia by theCroatian Democratic Union (Croatian:Hrvatska demokratska zajednica, HDZ), ethnic tensions betweenCroats andSerbs worsened.[4] The self-styledRepublic of Serb Krajina (RSK) declared its intention tosecede from Croatia and join theRepublic of Serbia while theGovernment of the Republic of Croatia declared it a rebellion.[5] According to theCroatian 1991 census, Serbs were the largest ethnic group in the municipality of Pakrac (46.4%), followed byCroats (35.8%).[6] In March 1991, Pakrac was the site ofviolent clashes between Croatian authorities and ethnic Serbs.[7] In June 1991Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia. Tensions eventually broke out intofull-scale war, which lasted until 1995.[8]
The Pakračka Poljana case was first mentioned in 1992, after police obtained information on crimes allegedly committed by members of Mercep's unit during an investigation into themurder of the Zec family from Zagreb.[9] The case was not investigated until September 1997, when theFeral Tribune published an interview with Miroslav Bajramovic, an ex-subcommander of the Croatian special police forces who stated that 280 people had been killed at Pakračka Poljana and that he had personally killed 72 of them.[9][10] In the interview, Bajramovic described how he and his colleagues ran an elaborate detention center in Pakračka Poljana and Medurici, 60 miles southeast of Zagreb, where prisoners were tortured with electric shocks or doused with gasoline and burned alive.[11] He said nearly all the prisoners were executed and buried in mass graves.[11]
Miroslav Bajramovic, Branko Saric, Munib Suljic, Sinisa Rimac, Zoran Karlovic and Igor Mikola were arrested and tried. Bajramovic and Saric were found guilty of lesser crimes of extortion and abduction, while the remaining four were acquitted of all charges, citing a lack of evidence.[12] The Supreme Court in 2001 quashed the verdict and ordered a retrial, this time without Karlovic. Four years later, all the five men were found guilty.[9] The case was completed in May 2006 when the Supreme Court increased Suljic's sentence from 10 to 12 years, and quashed Mikola's verdict and ordered a retrial for extortion, upholding his four-year sentence for aiding and abetting in murder.[9] The court also upheld Rimac's sentence of eight years in prison, Bajramovic's sentence of four years in prison and Saric's sentence of three years in prison.[9]
In 2016, Merčep was sentenced to five and a half years by the Zagreb County Court for war crimes committed by his unit that included Pakračka Poljana.[13] In 2017, TheCroatian Supreme Court upheld the verdict and increased his sentence to seven years.[14]