Muslims follow theIslamic law that lists foods and drinks that areHalal and permissible to consume. The criteria specify both what foods are allowed, and how the food must be prepared. The foods addressed are mostly types of meat/animal tissue.
Pakistani dishes can best be categorised by whether they contain gravy or not. Dishes with gravy which have lentils or legumes as the main ingredient are known as Dals in Hindi. The remaining gravied dishes are called Salaans. Salaans containing meat will either have meat on its own or in combination with a second major ingredient, such as a vegetable, or a grain or a legume. Salaans which contain meat as its main ingredient can be further subdivided by the type of meat involved. Meats normally used in Pakistani cuisine are beef, lamb, goat, chicken and occasionally game. Offal is also used in several Pakistani dishes. Salaans with meat as their main ingredient include the well-known Pakistani dishesnihari, kunna,qorma andqeema. The first two are stews which are most frequently made using beef & mutton respectively. Qormas are stews which can be made with a variety of meats, and are flavoured with beaten yoghurt and/or nut pastes. Qeemas are made with minced meat, usually beef or lamb or more rarely poultry. Salaans frequently combine meat and seasonal vegetables. Favourite combinations are beef/goat/lamb with spinach/turnips/radishes/gourds/potatoes/tomatoes/peppers/aubergines. Meat can also be combined with legumes, to produce dal gosht (meat and lentils),haleem (meat with lentils and grains), andharees or hareesa (meat with lentils and grains). Meat combined with grains are the basis forbiryani andpilaf, in which rice is combined with beef/lamb/chicken/goat. Offal is widely available and is a favourite for both home cooking as well as in restaurants. Liver, kidneys, heart and trotters are the main offal items cooked at home. All of these together with testicles, tripe, brains & lungs are cooked in restaurants. Speciality offal restaurants, known as takatak orkata-kat, combine customer-specified offal items with butter, tomatoes, peppers etc.
A variety of dishes cooked under the barbecue methodSeekh kebab – one of the famous Pakistani food specialities
Meat has played an important part in the region of Pakistan for centuries.Sajji is aBaluchi dish from Western Pakistan, made up of lamb with spices, that has also become popular all over the country. Another Balochi meat dish involves building a large outdoor fire and slowly cooking chickens. The chickens are placed on skewers which are staked into the ground close to the fire, so that the radiant heat slowly cooks the prepared chickens.
Kebabs are a staple item in Pakistani cuisine today, and one can find countless varieties all over the country. Each region has its own varieties but some, like Seekh kebab, Chicken Tikka, andShami kebab, are especially popular varieties throughout the country. Generally,kebabs fromBalochistan and theKhyber Pakhtunkhwa are identical to the Afghan style ofbarbecue, with salt andcoriander being the only seasoning used. Karachi and the wider Sindh region arefamous for their spicy kebabs, often marinated in a mixture of spices, lemon juice anddahi (yogurt).Grilled chicken and mutton are also very popular in some cities of Punjab such asLahore,Gujranwala andSialkot.Kebab shops are said to be the most profitable food businesses in Pakistan.
Chicken kebab (Urdu:مرغ کباب) (Moorgh-Kuh-bob) - A popular kebab that is found both with bone and without.
Lamb kebab (Urdu:کبابِ برہ گوشت) - The all lamb meat kebab is usually served as cubes.
Bihari kebab (Urdu:بہاری کباب) - Skewer of beef mixed with herbs and seasoning.
Shashlik (Urdu:شیشلیک) - Grilled baby lamb chops (usually from the leg), typically marinated
Bun kebab (Urdu:بن کباب) - A unique kebab sandwich with beef, lamb, fish or chicken.
Shawarma (Urdu:شاورما) - Comprises slices cut from a stack of meat strips (usually lamb), grilled in a vertical rotisserie. These are placed in a naan with chutney and salad.
Tikka kebab (Urdu:تکہ کباب) - A kebab made of beef, lamb or chicken, cut into cubes, marinated with a yogurt blend and grilled on coals.
Boti Kebab (Urdu:بوٹی کباب) - A kebab made from beef, lamb or chicken cubes and is popular inMultan. Sometimes marinated with green papaya to help tenderize the meat.
Kaleji Kebab (Urdu:کلیجی کباب) - A kebab made of grilled and marinated pieces of beef, lamb or chickenliver, though usually lamb.
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