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Pacific Games

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pacific archipelagic multi-sport event
For the former games between countries of the Pacific Rim, seePacific Ocean Games.

Pacific Games
Games
Pacific Games
AbbreviationPAG
First event1963
Occur every4 years
Last event2023 inHoniara, Solomon Islands
Next event2027 inTahiti, French Polynesia
PurposeMulti-sport event for nations in Oceania
HeadquartersSuva,Fiji
PresidentVidhya Lakhan
WebsiteOfficial website
Olympic Games
Olympic Rings
Main topics
Games
Regional games
Sub-regional games
Defunct games

ThePacific Games (French:Jeux du Pacifique), is acontinentalmulti-sport event held every four years among athletes fromOceania. The inaugural Games took place in1963 inSuva,Fiji, and most recently in2023 inHoniara,Solomon Islands. The Games were called theSouth Pacific Games from 1963 to2007. ThePacific Games Council (PGC) organises the Games and oversees the host city's preparations. Athletes with a disability are included as full members of their national teams. In each sporting event,gold medals are awarded for first place,silver medals are awarded for second place, andbronze medals are awarded for third place. Following the success of the Pacific Games, the PGC introduced a scaled-down version of the event, designed to allow smaller nations and territories to host and participate. This led to the establishment of thePacific Mini Games.

Ten cities in seven countries and territories have hosted the Pacific Games. Four countries have hosted the games three times:Fiji (1963,1979,2003),New Caledonia (1966,1987,2011),Papua New Guinea (1969,1991,2015) andSamoa (1983,2007,2019).French Polynesia, who hosted in1971 and1995, will become the fifth country to host the Games for the third time in2027. TheUnited States territory ofGuam have hosted the Games twice in1975 and1999. TheSolomon Islands hosted the event for the first time in2023.

Only six countries have attended every edition of the Pacific Games: Fiji, French Polynesia (Tahiti), New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea,Tonga, andVanuatu. New Caledonia leads theall-time medal count for the Pacific Games, and has topped the medal table on 14 separate occasions—followed by the Papua New Guinea (two times), and Fiji (once).

History

[edit]

Concept

[edit]

The concept of establishing the South Pacific Games was first proposed by Dr. A.H. Sahu Khan, a representative of Fiji at a 1959South Pacific Commission (SPC) meeting held inRabaul. The idea gained support, resulting in a gathering of nine territories inNouméa in March 1961, where Fiji was chosen to host the inaugural Games.[1]

Creation

[edit]

In 1962, the SPC formed the South Pacific Games Council, which was later renamed the Pacific Games Council. The first Games were held in Suva, Fiji, in 1963 and have since been hosted by various nations and territories across the region. Initially held every three years, the schedule shifted after the 1969 Games inPort Moresby, with the next event staged in Tahiti in 1971, just two years later. From 1975, starting with the fifth Games inTumon, Guam, the event moved to a four-year cycle.[citation needed]

Due to the lingering effects ofEuropeancolonisation in thePacific during the 18th century, many of the nations participating in the 1963 Games were still underBritish orFrench administration. This resulted in instances where British and French flags andnational anthems were simultaneously used during ceremonies. At the time,Western Samoa (now Samoa) was the sole independent island nation, proudly using its own flag and anthem. As more territories gained independence, they introduced their own symbols of sovereignty. Despite these changes,English andFrench remain the official languages of the Games.[2]

Like many sporting events, the South Pacific Games have faced occasional controversies. One ongoing debate is over scheduling events on Sundays, a day observed as theChristianSabbath across much of the Pacific. In nations such asTonga, where Sunday activities are strictly regulated, hosting events on that day has been controversial. Religious sensitivities have also influenced certain sports; for instance, the women'sbeach volleyball uniform ofbikinis was replaced by more modest clothing in response to cultural expectations.[3] However, other territories with ties to moresecular nations, such as theCook Islands (New Zealand),American Samoa (United States), and French Polynesia (France), have taken a more relaxed approach.[citation needed]

Global and regional political events have also impacted the Games. In 1995, whenPapeete in Tahiti hosted the Games, several countries staged a boycott in protest of Frenchnuclear testing in the Pacific.[4] Almost all nations returned for the following Games in 1999 in Guam.

The Pacific Games Council states its primary aim is:[5]

"To create bonds of kindred friendship and brotherhood amongst people of the countries of the Pacific region through sporting exchange without any distinctions as to race, religion or politics."

The Games were created to encourage the growth of sport across the South Pacific.[1] The South Pacific Commission later adopted the namePacific Community after five decades of existence.[1]

Modern day games

[edit]

The2003 South Pacific Games in Suva, Fiji, marked the first time a comprehensive program of 32 sports was included.[6] The schedule incorporated both traditional Pacific sports and those with limited regional participation.

For the 2003 event, an unprecedented level of corporate sponsorship allowed organizers greater flexibility in ensuring the Games' success. A vibrant publicity campaign generated public enthusiasm, while schools and youth organizations took part in initiatives such as the "adopt-a-country" program, also introduced for the first time.[7]

The2007 South Pacific Games inApia, Samoa, were the thirteenth edition since 1963. Unlike theOlympic Games, which often produce economic benefits for the host nation,[8] the 2007 Games left Samoa with an estimated US$92 million debt, largely due to extensive spending on infrastructure such as bridges and roads.[9]

Despite financial concerns, five nations—Papua New Guinea,Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, Tonga, and American Samoa—submitted bids to host the2015 Pacific Games. The event was eventually awarded to Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea, following the2011 Pacific Games in Nouméa, New Caledonia. However, escalating costs—reportedly exceeding 1 billion AUD—and the logistical demands of organizing the Games continue to raise questions about the feasibility of hosting.[10]

Renaming

[edit]

At the Pacific Games Council General Assembly held in Apia in 2006, the event previously known as theSouth Pacific Games was officially renamed thePacific Games. The organizing body also adopted the new namePacific Games Council, replacing theSouth Pacific Games Council.[11] The change took effect after the 2007 South Pacific Games, making that edition the last to use the old name and marking the transition to the new title in all subsequent events.[11][12] The renaming aimed to modernize the Games' identity and align it with broader regional developments, including thePacific Community's change of name from theSouth Pacific Commission to thePacific Community in 1998.[13][14] From the 2011 edition onwards, the newPacific Games title and branding were used universally in all official materials and events.[11]

Sports

[edit]

At theinaugural Pacific Games, ten sports were contested. Over time, the number of events increased, peaking at thirty-three sports during the2007 edition, the highest to date. However, during the PGC Annual General Meeting (AGM) held inPort Vila in 2016, it was decided to cap the program at a maximum of 24 sports for all editions beginning with the2023 Games, primarily due to cost considerations.[15] As of December 2017, the Council had approved 36 sports for potential inclusion in the Games.[16] As of 2025, sixteen of these sports are designated as core sports, which are mandatory at every edition of the Games from 2027 onwards.Triathlon was added as a core sport in 2016,[15] witharchery receiving the same designation in 2021.[17]Sailing, which had been made a core sport in 2016,[15] lost that status during the PGC AGM held inKoror on 6 July 2025. The remaining 20 sports are classified as optional and may be included at the discretion of the host nation's organizing committee. Discontinued sports include therugby union 15s discipline, which was replaced byrugby sevens, andunderwater fishing, which was last contested in 1999.

Current and discontinued program

[edit]

The following sports (and disciplines) make up the current and discontinued Pacific Games official program and are listed alphabetically according to the name used by the PGC.Five of the 24 sports scheduled for the2027 Pacific Games will consist of multiple disciplines. Each discipline is marked with a unique 3-character identifier code by theInternational Olympic Committee (IOC).[18][19]

SportDisciplineCode & PictogramBodyYearsStatus
ArcheryARCWorld Archery1971–1975, 1995, 2003–2011, 2019–presentCore
AthleticsATHWorld Athletics1963–presentCore
BadmintonBDMBWF2003–2011, 2019, 2027Optional
Baseball and softballBaseballBBLWBSC[s 1]1999–2011Optional
SoftballSBL1969–1975, 1991, 2007, 2015Optional
Baseball5BS5NeverOptional
Basketball3x3BK3FIBA2019–presentCore
BasketballBKB1963–presentCore
BilliardsBILWCBSNeverOptional
BodybuildingBDBWBPF1995, 2003–2015, 2023Optional
BoxingBOXWorld Boxing[s 2]1963–presentCore
CricketCKTICC1979, 1987–1991, 2003–2019Optional
CyclingBMXBMXUCI2027Optional
Mountain bikeMTBNeverOptional
RoadCRD1966, 1971–1975, 1987, 1995, 2027Optional
TrackCTR1966, 1971–1975, 1987, 1995Optional
Field hockeyField hockeyHOCFIH1979, 2003–2007Optional
HockeyHO52015, 2023Optional
FootballFBLFIFA1963–1995, 2003–presentCore
GolfGLFIGF1969–presentCore
HandballHBLIHFNeverOptional
JudoJUDIJF1969–1979, 1987, 1995–2011, 2019–presentCore
KarateKTEWKF1995–2003, 2011–2015, 2023Optional
Lawn bowlsLBWWorld Bowls1979, 1983, 1991, 2003–2007, 2015–2019Optional
Netball[s 3]NTBWorld Netball1963–1969, 1979–1983, 1991–2007, 2015–2023Optional
Outrigger canoeingVa'aVAAIVF1995–presentCore
KayakKYK2023–presentCore
PowerliftingPLFIPF1995, 2003–presentOptional
Rugby league ninesRL9IRL2007, 2015–2023Optional
RugbySevensRU7World Rugby1999–presentCore
SailingSALWorld Sailing1969–1979, 1987–presentOptional
ShootingSHOISSF1987, 1995, 2003–2019, 2027Optional
SnookerSNKWCBSNeverOptional
SquashSQUWSF1979–1991, 2003–2019, 2027Optional
SurfingSRFISA1995, 2003–2011, 2027Optional
SwimmingSWMWorld Aquatics1963–1979, 1987–presentCore
Table tennisTTEITTF1963–presentCore
TaekwondoTKWWorld Taekwondo1995–presentCore
TennisTENITF1963–presentCore
Touch rugby[s 4]TRUFIT2003–2007, 2015–2023Optional
TriathlonTRIWorld Triathlon1995–presentCore
VolleyballBeachVBVFIVB1999–presentCore
IndoorVVO1963–presentCore
WeightliftingWLFIWF1966–presentCore
WrestlingFreestyleWRFUWW1999, 2007, 2027Optional
Greco-RomanWRG1999, 2007, 2027Optional
BeachWRB2027Optional
RugbyUnionRUGWorld Rugby1963–1971, 1979–1995Discontinued
Underwater fishingFSHCMAS1971–1975, 1995–1999Discontinued
  1. ^The World Baseball Softball Confederation, which currently governs both baseball and softball, was created by a 2013 merger of two former governing bodies – theInternational Baseball Federation and theInternational Softball Federation. Baseball and softball were governed separately at all Pacific Games before 2013.
  2. ^AIBA/IBA was the recognised body of boxing until 2023.
  3. ^Netball is a women's competition only.
  4. ^Touch rugby is an optional sport, however, all three events (men's, women's and mixed tournaments) must be included if the sport is scheduled on a games programme.

Participating nations

[edit]

Only six teams have attended every Pacific Games: Fiji, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Tonga and Vanuatu. This list includes all 22 currentPGAs, two invitational teams as well as two obsolete PGAs, arranged alphabetically. The three-letter country code is also listed for each PGA. Several nations have changed during the Games' history; name changes are explained by footnotes after the nation's name, and other notes are explained by footnotes linked within the table.

63 In the table headings, indicates the Games year
•Participated in the specified Games
HHost nation for the specified Games
[a]Additional explanatory comments at the linked footnote
 Nation not a member of thePacific Games Council during these years
 PGA superseded or preceded by other PGA(s) during these years
PGACode6366697175798387919599030711151923Total
 American SamoaASA••••••••••••••••16
 Australia[a]AUS•••3
 Cook IslandsCOK•••••••••••••••15
 Federated States of MicronesiaFSMTrust Territory of Micronesia•••••••7
 FijiFIJH••••H•••••H•••••17
 French PolynesiaPYF•••H•••••H•••••••17
Gilbert and Ellice Islands[^]GEI•••3
 GuamGUM•••H•••••H••••••16
 KiribatiKIRGilbert and Ellice Islands••••••••8
 Marshall IslandsMHLTrust Territory of Micronesia•••••••7
Trust Territory of the Pacific IslandsTrust Territory of Micronesia[^]TTM•1
 NauruNRU••••••••••••••14
 New CaledoniaNCL•H•••••H•••••H•••17
 New Zealand[b]NZL•••3
 NiueNIU•••••••••••11
 Norfolk IslandNFK••••••••••••12
 Northern Mariana IslandsNMITrust Territory of Micronesia•••••••••••11
 PalauPLWTrust Territory of Micronesia•••••••7
 Papua New Guinea[PNG]PNG••H•••••H•••••H••17
 Samoa[SAM]SAM••••••H•••H••H•15
 Solomon IslandsSOL•••••••••••••••H16
 TokelauTKLGilbert and Ellice Islands••••••••8
 TongaTGA•••••••••••••••••17
 TuvaluTUVGilbert and Ellice Islands••••••••8
 Vanuatu[VAN]VAN•••••••••••••••••17
 Wallis and FutunaWLF••••••••••••••••16
Name change notes

^ PNG: Papua New Guinea participated under its former name ofPapua and New Guinea (PNG) between 1963 and 1971.
^ SAM: Samoa participated under its former name ofWestern Samoa (WSM) between 1963 and 1995.
^ VAN: Vanuatu participated under its former name ofNew Hebrides (NHB) between 1963 and 1979.

Participation notes
  1. ^[a] Australia are not a member of the PGC. They compete as invites.
  2. ^[b] New Zealand are not a member of the PGC. They compete as invites.

All-time medal table

[edit]

Officially, the final medal tally of the Games does not recognize a winner, regarding competition and fair play more highly.[7]

*Note : Nation(s) initalics no longer participate at the Pacific Games.

Updated after the2023 Pacific Games.
RankPGA /NOCGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 New Caledonia9937846892,466
2 Tahiti5745015301,605
3 Papua New Guinea4994884751,462
4 Fiji4435165391,498
5 Samoa[a]266216220702
6 Nauru1107968257
7 Australia1005235187
8 Guam72112140324
9 Tonga6074113247
10 American Samoa455184180
11 Cook Islands365780173
12 Solomon Islands33103140276
13 Wallis and Futuna315197179
14 Vanuatu[b]2965110204
15 Federated States of Micronesia23151048
16 New Zealand19312878
17 Kiribati16273982
18 Northern Mariana Islands13131844
19 Palau9141639
20 Norfolk Island7151941
21 Marshall Islands561425
22 Tokelau3227
23 Tuvalu29617
24 Niue261321
25 Gilbert and Ellice Islands0112
Totals (25 entries)3,3903,2883,48610,164

Editions

[edit]

List of Pacific Games

[edit]
GamesNo.HostGames dates /
Opened by		SportsCompetitorsEventsNationsTop nation
1963IFijiSuva29 August – 8 September 1963
GovernorSir Kenneth Maddocks		106465813FijiFiji
1966IINew CaledoniaNouméa8 – 18 December 1966
Overseas MinisterPierre Billotte		1212008614New CaledoniaNew Caledonia
1969IIITerritory of Papua and New GuineaPort Moresby13 – 23 August 1969
Prince Edward, Duke of Kent		1511509512New CaledoniaNew Caledonia
1971IVFrench PolynesiaPapeʻetē25 August – 5 September 1971
Overseas MinisterPierre Messmer		17200011714New CaledoniaNew Caledonia
1975VGuamAgaña1 – 10 August 1975
GovernorRicardo Bordallo		16120511913New CaledoniaNew Caledonia
1979VIFijiSuva28 August – 8 September 1979
Governor-GeneralRatu Sir George Cakobau		18267212919New CaledoniaNew Caledonia
1983VIISamoaApia5 – 16 September 1983
Head of StateMalietoa Tanumafili II		1525009713New CaledoniaNew Caledonia
1987VIIINew CaledoniaNouméa8 – 20 December 1987
Unknown		18165015912New CaledoniaNew Caledonia
1991IXPapua New GuineaPort Moresby andLae7 – 21 September 1991
Prince Andrew, Duke of York		17200016416 Papua New Guinea
1995XFrench PolynesiaPapeʻetē25 – 5 September 1995
Unknown		25200025312New Caledonia
1999XIGuamSanta Rita29 May – 12 June 1999
Unknown		22+300023321New Caledonia
2003XIIFijiSuva28 June – 12 July 2003
PresidentJosefa Iloilo		32500030922New Caledonia
2007XIIISamoaApia25 August – 8 September 2007
Head of StateTufuga Efi		33500030522New Caledonia
2011XIVNew CaledoniaNouméa27 August – 10 September 2011
French PresidentNicolas Sarkozy		27430030522New Caledonia
2015XVPapua New GuineaPort Moresby4 – 18 July 2015
Prince Andrew, Duke of York		28370029924 Papua New Guinea
2019XVISamoaApia7 – 20 July 2019
Head of StateVa'aletoa Sualauvi II		26400032224New Caledonia
2023XVIISolomon IslandsHoniara19 November – 2 December 2023
Prime MinisterManasseh Sogavare		24500034224New Caledonia
2027XVIIIFrench PolynesiaPirae24 July – 8 August 2027
TBA		24TBATBA24 (expected)TBD
2031XIXTongaNuku'alofaTBA 2031
TBA		24TBATBATBATBD

See also

[edit]
Global Games
Other continental Games
Community-based Games

References

[edit]
  1. ^abc"History".Pacific Games Council Official Website. 2013.Archived from the original on 30 April 2015. Retrieved27 October 2015.
  2. ^Charter 2007, p. 6.
  3. ^Bikinis out, Shorts in at Beach VolleyballArchived 28 September 2007 at theWayback Machine Pacific Radio News - Niue FM, 29 August 2007
  4. ^French tests: Opposition growsArchived 10 October 2007 at theWayback Machine, article summarising the response to French nuclear testing in the Pacific fromWorld Information Service on EnergyArchived 10 October 2007 at theWayback Machine retrieved 19 February 2007
  5. ^Charter 2007, p. 4.
  6. ^Sidsnet.orgArchived 4 May 2005 at theWayback Machine
  7. ^ab"2003 Twelfth South Pacific Games, Suva, Fiji".Archived from the original on 1 August 2009. Retrieved11 July 2009.
  8. ^"Article by CBRE regarding increase to gross domestic product and real estate values as a result of the 2004 Athens Olympics".Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved3 September 2007.
  9. ^"Games puts Samoa in debt". ABC Radio Australia. 3 September 2007.Archived from the original on 11 September 2007. Retrieved3 September 2007.
  10. ^Paligaru, Clement."PNG risks losing right to host 2015 Pacific Games". ABC Radio Australia.Archived from the original on 25 March 2012. Retrieved22 August 2012.
  11. ^abc"Call it the Pacific Games".PINA. 22 March 2023. Retrieved3 August 2025.
  12. ^"Pacific Games History".Topend Sports. Retrieved3 August 2025.
  13. ^"Pacific Games History".PNG Facts. Retrieved3 August 2025.
  14. ^"Pacific Games: From 1963 to 2023, a brief history".Cook Islands News. 13 November 2023. Retrieved3 August 2025.
  15. ^abc"Pacific Games: Sports Program Review".Pacific Games Council. 27 May 2016.Archived from the original on 9 February 2018. Retrieved8 February 2018.
  16. ^Charter 2018, p. 14–15.
  17. ^Monnier, Jean-Marc (25 November 2021)."Archery: The discipline now "compulsory sport"". Archived fromthe original on 1 April 2022.
  18. ^"IOC ODF Sport Codes"(PDF). Retrieved31 July 2025.
  19. ^"Olympic Data Feed (Olympic Movement Sport Codes)".Olympic Data Feed. Retrieved31 July 2025.

Sources

[edit]

External links

[edit]

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