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| Pachuezo | |
|---|---|
| Patsuezu | |
| Paḷḷuezu | |
| Native to | Spain |
| Region | Laciana, in southwestAsturias and northwestLeón. |
| Ethnicity | Leonese |
Native speakers | hundreds - a few thousand (2010)[1][needs update] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | None |
Paḷḷuezu (also known asPatsuezu,Pachuezu,Patsuezo,Pachuezo, orNuesa Ḷḷingua ("our language")) is a dialect ofAsturian-Leonese, which is one of the Iberian Romance languages.[2] It is one of eight recognized dialects of theLeonese language in the narrow sense of the designation "Leonese" (i.e., excludingAsturian,Cantabrian,Eonavian, andMirandese).
Paḷḷuezu is spoken in the upper half of the valley of theSil River, in thecomarca ofEl Bierzo, which is in the northwest of theProvince of León, and to a minor extent in the province of Asturias, in the lands north of this portion of the Sil valley. The majority of Paḷḷuezu speakers reside in themunicipality ofLaciana. Paḷḷuezu is also spoken upriver from Laciana in the municipality ofBabia, downriver from Laciana in the municipalities ofPalacios del Sil andPáramo del Sil, and elsewhere.
Palacios del Sil and Páramo del Sil are part of an ancient district called Ribas de Sil, and this name is still in use.[3][4][5][6] (Thetoponym Ribas de Sil occurs also inGalician speaking territory to the west, in the neighboringProvince of Lugo.) The number of speakers of this dialect is unknown. However, the combined population of all speakers of Asturian-Leonese in the provinces of León and Zamora is only 20,000 to 25,000.[1]
The Asturian spellingḶḷ ḷḷ, called "che vaqueira" is used wherel.l has sometimes been used if it is impossible to writeḷḷ. It can be avoiceless retroflex affricate [tʂ], avoiced retroflex plosive [ɖ] or avoiced retroflex affricate [dʐ], and it corresponds to standardpalatal lateral approximant /ʎ/, drittenLl ll and called "elle". The latter spelling is current in publications of the Paḷḷuezu literary revival that has been underway since approximately 2006.
The main consonantal features distinguishing this dialect fromSpanish (many of which are common to Astur-Leonese generally) are:[7]
| English | Latin | Paḷḷuezu | Spanish |
|---|---|---|---|
| people | gent- | xente | gente |
| yoke | iugum | xugu | yugo |
| frozen | gelatus | xiláu | helado |
| son-in-law | gener | xenru | yerno |
| leaf | folia | fuecha | hoja |
| flame | flamma | chama | llama |
| rain | pluvia | chuvia | lluvia |
| nail, pin | clavis | chave | llave |
| lead (metal) | plumbum | chumbu | plomo |
| hill | lumbus | ḷḷombu | lomo |
| dove | palumba | palumba/palomba | paloma |
| fed up with; surfeited | fartus | fartu | harto |
| tongue; language | lingua | ḷḷingua | lengua |
In 2006, an anthology was published,Cuentos del Sil [Tales of the Sil] (Severiano Alvarez and eight other authors), Na Nuesa Ḷḷingua.ISBN 84-611-0061-1. For the year 2009, the Asociación Club Xeitu de la Montaña Occidental Astur-Leonesa (founded 2009) started an annual literary competition, the Certamen Lliterariu "Guzmán Álvarez". The competition continued in 2010 and 2011.