Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase N2 (R-PTP-N2) also known asislet cell autoantigen-related protein (ICAAR) andphogrin is anenzyme that in humans is encoded by thePTPRN2gene.[5][6][7]PTPRN and PTPRN2 (this gene) are both found to be majorautoantigens associated withinsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.[7]
^"Human PubMed Reference:".National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:".National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Smith PD, Barker KT, Wang J, Lu YJ, Shipley J, Crompton MR (Jan 1997). "ICAAR, a novel member of a new family of transmembrane, tyrosine phosphatase-like proteins".Biochem Biophys Res Commun.229 (2):402–11.doi:10.1006/bbrc.1996.1817.PMID8954911.
^Li Q, Borovitskaya AE, DeSilva MG, Wasserfall C, Maclaren NK, Notkins AL, Lan MS (Sep 1997). "Autoantigens in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: molecular cloning and characterization of human IA-2 beta".Proc Assoc Am Physicians.109 (4):429–39.PMID9220540.
Kawasaki E, Hutton JC, Eisenbarth GS (1996). "Molecular cloning and characterization of the human transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase homologue, phogrin, an autoantigen of type 1 diabetes".Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.227 (2):440–7.doi:10.1006/bbrc.1996.1526.PMID8878534.
Schmidli RS, Colman PG, Cui L, et al. (1998). "Antibodies to the protein tyrosine phosphatases IAR and IA-2 are associated with progression to insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) in first-degree relatives at-risk for IDDM".Autoimmunity.28 (1):15–23.doi:10.3109/08916939808993841.PMID9754810.
van den Maagdenberg AM, Schepens JT, Schepens MT, et al. (1999). "Assignment of Ptprn2, the gene encoding receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase IA-2beta, a major autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, to mouse chromosome region 12F".Cytogenet. Cell Genet.82 (3–4):153–5.doi:10.1159/000015090.PMID9858807.S2CID46872092.
