PSLV-C2

Model of thePSLVlaunch vehicle
Names	Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
Mission type	Deployment of threesatellites
Operator	ISRO
Website	ISRO website
Mission duration	1117.5 seconds
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft	Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
Spacecraft type	Expendable launch vehicle
Manufacturer	Indian Space Research Organisation
Launch mass	294,000 kg (648,000 lb)
Payload mass	1,202 kg (2,650 lb)
Start of mission
Launch date	26 May 1999, 06:22UTC
Rocket	Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
Launch site	Sriharikota Launching Range
Contractor	ISRO
Orbital parameters
Reference system	Sun-synchronous orbit
Regime	Low Earth orbit
Payload
Oceansat-1 KITSAT-3 DLR-Tubsat
Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle missions ← PSLV-C1 PSLV-C3 →

PSLV-C2 was the second operational launch and overall fifth mission of thePolar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) program. This launch was also the forty-third launch byIndian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) since its first mission on 1 January 1962. The vehicle carried three satellites which were deployed in theSun-synchronouslow Earth orbit.^{[1][2][3][4][5]} The vehicle carriedIndia's first remote sensing satelliteOceansat-1 (IRS-P4) as the main payload. It also carriedSouth Korean satelliteKITSAT-3 and German satelliteDLR-Tubsat as auxiliary payloads.^[1] PSLV-C2 was the first IndianExpendable launch vehicle to carry and deploy more than one satellite in a mission. This was also India's and ISRO's first commercial spaceflight where South Korea and Germany each paid US$1.0 million (equivalent to $1.89 million in 2024) to ISRO for launching their satellites.^[5][6]

• Mass:
  • Total liftoff weight: 294,000 kg (648,000 lb)
  • Payload weight: 1,202 kg (2,650 lb)
• Overall height: 44.4 m (146 ft)
• Propellant:
  • First stage:SolidHTPB based (138.0 + 54 tonnes)
  • Second stage:LiquidUDMH +N₂O₄ (4.06 tonnes)
  • Third stage:SolidHTPB based (7.2 tonnes)
  • Fourth stage:LiquidMMH +N₂O₄ (2.0 tonnes)
• Engine:
  • First stage: S139
  • Second stage:Vikas
  • Third stage:
  • Fourth stage: 2 x PS-4
• Thrust:
  • First stage: 4628 + 662 x 6kN
  • Second stage: 725kN
  • Third stage: 340kN
  • Fourth stage: 7.2 x 2kN
• Altitude: 735.1 km (456.8 mi)
• Maximum velocity: 7,490 m/s (24,600 ft/s) (recorded at time of fourth stage ignition)
• Duration: 1117.5 seconds^[1][7]

PSLV-C2 carried and deployed total three satellites. Oceansat-1 (IRS-P4) was the main payload and KITSAT-3 and DLR-Tubsat were two auxiliary payloads that were mounted on PSLV-C2 equipment bay diametrically opposite to each other. Oceansat-1, was mounted on top of the equipment bay. In the flight sequence, IRS-P4 was injected first, followed by KITSAT-3 and then DLR-Tubsat.^[1][8][9]

Country	Name	No.	Mass	Type	Objective
India	Oceansat-1	1	1050 kg	Indian Remote Sensing Satellite	Remote sensing
South Korea	KITSAT-3	1	107 kg	Microsatellite	Test and demonstrate new satellite bus & its payloads
Germany	DLR-Tubsat	1	45 kg	Microsatellite	Test newly developed attitude control system

PSLV-C2 was launched at 06:22UTC on 26 May 1999 fromSatish Dhawan Space Centre (then called "Sriharikota Launching Range"). The mission was planned with pre-flight prediction ofperigee andapogee of 727 km (452 mi). The actual perigee was 723.1 km, apogee was 735.1 km. Following was the planned flight profile.^{[1][2][3][4][5][7]}

The launch was witnessed byAtal Bihari Vajpayee (thenPrime Minister of India),Murli Manohar Joshi,Vasundhara Raje andN. Chandrababu Naidu.^[6]

• Indian Space Research Organisation
• Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle

• Spacecraft launched in 1999
• Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle

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