| PNR South Main Line | |
|---|---|
 A Kiha 59 DMU parked atNaga station in 2012 when intercity services were still operational. | |
| Overview | |
| Status | Operational |
| Owner | Department of Transportation |
| Locale | Metro Manila (closed) Calabarzon Bicol Region |
| Termini | |
| Stations | 32 active[d] |
| Service | |
| Type | Commuter rail Regional rail Inter-city rail (former) |
| System | Philippine National Railways |
| Services | 2 |
| Operator(s) | Philippine National Railways |
| Rolling stock | Refer to therolling stock section below |
| Daily ridership | 2,447 estimated passengers daily (2023)[1] |
| Ridership | 893,000 (2023)[1] |
| History | |
| Opened | 1916; 109 years ago (1916)[e] |
| Closed | 2014; 11 years ago (2014) (Calamba–Sipocot)[f] May 5, 2015; 10 years ago (2015-05-05) (Tutuban–Calamba)[g] |
| Reopened | July 23, 2015; 10 years ago (July 23, 2015) (Tutuban–Alabang)[2][h] December 1, 2019; 5 years ago (2019-12-01) (Calamba–IRRI)[3] June 26, 2022; 3 years ago (2022-06-26) (San Pablo–Lucena) |
| Technical | |
| Line length | 479 km (298 mi) 255 km (158 mi) (active) |
| Track length | 504 km (313 mi) 319 km (198 mi) (active) |
| Number of tracks | Double track (Tutuban–Sucat) Single-track (rest of the line) |
| Character | At-grade |
| Track gauge | 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) |
| Minimum radius | 150 m (490 ft)[4] |
| Electrification | None |
| Operating speed | 75[4] km/h (47 mph) |
| Highest elevation | 208.6 m (684 ft) nearCamalig,Albay[5] |
| Maximum incline | 15‰[4] |
ThePNR South Main Line (Filipino:Pangunahing Linyang Patimog ng PNR, also known asSouthrail[6] and formerly theMain Line South) is one of the twotrunk lines that form thePhilippine National Railways' network in the island ofLuzon,Philippines. It was opened in stages between 1916 and 1938 by the Manila Railroad. Services peaked in the 1940s until the late 1960s, when the system started to decline. Since 1988, it was the only functioninginter-city rail after its counterpart to the north, theNorth Main Line, was closed. The intercity section of the line inLaguna,Quezon and theBicol Region was then closed and reopened repeatedly between 2004 and 2014 due to a combination of declining ridership and was closed since then. Currently, only a little more than half of line is operational as the line currently serves two commuter services, namely theInter-Provincial Commuter fromSan Pedro, Laguna toLucena, Quezon and theBicol Commuterregional rail service betweenSipocot andNaga, Camarines Sur andLegazpi, Albay, following the closure of the main line, thePNR Metro Commuter Line betweenTutuban station and Laguna.
Since its closure, there has been a planned overhaul of the line. The railway will consist of twostandard-gauge lines which will overlap in southernMetro Manila and Laguna. One is theNorth–South Commuter Railway's South section between Tutuban andSolis stations in north-central Metro Manila toCalamba station inCalamba, Laguna. This route will be electrified withdirect current power throughoverhead lines. The other is the PNR South Long Haul fromSucat station inMuntinlupa to Matnog station inMatnog,Sorsogon. This route will continue to be operated by diesel stock but will run at a maximum speed of 160 km/h (99 mph), over twice higher than the existing narrow-gauge line.
Planning of the Luzon network started in 1875. To the south of Manila would be a line leading toLegazpi, Albay and a branch line leading toBauan,Batangas.[7]
Some parts of what will become the South Main Line were first constructed in 1903 as part of the Antipolo Line toRizal under the virtue ofInsular Government Act No. 703.[8] The formal construction of a main line to the south ofTutuban station began in 1909 by the virtue of Act No. 1905. By 1909, there was already a line between Tutuban andNaic,Cavite. This was known as the Naic line. Another line was also opened fromCalamba, Laguna toBauan viaBatangas City. More lines were constructed into the 1910s including the lines fromNueva Cáceres,Ambos Camarines toLegazpi orTabaco,Albay as theLegazpi Division, thePagsanjan branch line and the extension of the Antipolo line toMontalban.[9] Between 1916 and 1919, a new line toTayabas province was opened and was named theMain Line South and had branch lines covering all provinces in the Southern Tagalog region.
The firstintercity service on the new Main Line South was the firstBicol Express, which originally only stopped at Aloneros station inGuinayangan,Quezon between 1916 and 1919.[10] The Main Line South was connected to the Legazpi Division by a fleet oftrain ferries between Quezon and Camarines Sur. This ferry service became increasingly redundant as the last rail connecting Manila to Bicol was laid on November 17, 1937.
The secondBicol Express, which at that point had been running the full length of the new Main Line South to Legazpi, was inaugurated on January 31, 1938 and became a regular service by May 8 of the same year.[11] On the same day, thegolden spike was struck by then-presidentManuel L. Quezon atDel Gallego,Camarines Sur. Meanwhile, services on the Naic line and the Tabaco branch were cut and the tracks were dismantled later that year.[12]
Services on the new line peaked for a brief period between 1938 and 1941, and were regarded as one of the most profitable eras for the Manila Railroad. However, most of the rail infrastructure was destroyed byWorld War II when theUnited States fought against theEmpire of Japan in 1941 and 1944-45. Rehabilitation of the network cost the Manila Railroad ₱20 million (convertible to US$115 million in 2020) and by the late 1950s, most of the network had been restored. More branch lines were cut including the Pagsanjan and Antipolo branches.[11] On August 12, 1956, the Manila Railroad was one of the first in Asia to fully retire itssteam locomotive fleet and adoptdieselization.[13]
The Manila Railroad was reorganized into thePhilippine National Railways in 1964 by the virtue of Republic Act 4156.[14] The early days of PNR during the 1960s and the early 1970s were also considered by the agency as its best.[15] During this period, there were already proposed extensions of the South Main Line toSorsogon province enacted by Republic Act 6366.[16] However, increasing maintenance costs, natural disasters and competition from highways prevented the PNR from expanding, and eventually caused the eventual decline of the entire system.[17]
The latter years of the 1970s were increasingly burdensome to the PNR as natural disasters and increasing maintenance costs, as well as stiff competition with thenational highway network started the decline of PNR as a whole.[15] By 1988, only the South Main Line remained as the sole intercity line, although commuter trains on the North Main Line continued to run toMalolos station until 1997. Since then, services further dwindled until only a small section of the line betweenTutuban andSanta Rosa stations remained active by 2014 as the rest of the line was closed.[18] Services were suspended in May 2015 following a derailment incident of aHyundai Rotem DMU in betweenEDSA andNichols.[2] That same month, theDepartment of Transportation and Communications opened a bidding for thedouble-tracking of the section betweenSucat andAlabang. That plan however was not pursued.[19] Operations resumed on July 23, 2015 from Tutuban to Alabang.[2]
In May 2019, the agency was investigated after piles ofrailroad ties were found in the front yard ofMuntinlupa station. These ties were meant for the rehabilitation of the line nearHondagua station in Quezon.[20] On December 1, 2019,commuter rail services on the Metro Commuter were extended fromCalamba toIRRI station. It is arequest stop in front of theInternational Rice Research Institute headquarters inLos Baños.[3]
During theenhanced community quarantine in Luzon, the intercity section was temporarily reactivated for PNR'sHatid Probinsya (lit. 'Send Home to theProvinces') program in June 2020. So-called "locally-stranded individuals", or people who wished to return to their hometowns amidst the lockdown, were returned to Bicol via so-calledLSI trains . This is part of the largerBalik Probinsya (lit. 'Return to the Provinces') program by thenational government to decongest Metro Manila and develop the countryside regions of the Philippines both during and after theCOVID-19 pandemic.[21] The fifth and last known service was on August 29, 2020.[22] The line was once again closed after the program ended.
On February 14, 2022,Valentine's Day, aregional rail service betweenSan Pablo, Laguna andLucena,Quezon made its first run.[23] On June 25, PresidentRodrigo Duterte inaugurated the Inter-Provincial Commuter service,[24] with operations commencing the following day.[25]
In May 2024, it was announced that the local consortium led by Philtrak Inc. and its chairman and chief executive, Francis Yuseco, offered to transform the idle rail tracks of the old railway tracks into a new mass transit and logistics hub. Also, there is a plan to connect from Tutuban in Manila to San Pablo, Laguna, and utilize European Road Trains and the hybrid electric road transit designed by theDepartment of Science and Technology. The proposed articulated bus train will occupy five meters on each side of the railway, while the remaining open spaces will be utilized for housing, logistics, public markets, and post-harvest facilities, with transit stations along the way.[26][27] On July 15 of the same year, it was announced that PNR would revivefreight services and pursue a₱5 billion plan to retrofit the existing line between Laguna and Albay for cargo movement. One of the plans is to operate cargo trains between Calamba, Laguna, and Legazpi in Albay by 2025. In particular, the government looks to build adry port in Calamba where containers can be carried in and out of thefreight trains.[28]
While the government seeks alternative financing for the PNR South Long Haul project, the PNR has expressed its intent revive the Bicol Express. It plans to retrofit the south Luzon alignment for freight rail, potentially benefiting the nearly 600,000 farmers in the Bicol region.[29]
On October 21, 2024, the PNR resumed its services for theLucena-Calamba-Lucena line. The PNR train stops includeSan Pablo station,Calamba station, Sariaya, Lutucan, Candelaria, Tiaong (Lalig), IRRI, UP Los Baños station-Junction station, Masili andPansol stations.[30]
In 2025, efforts will be made by the government to rehabilitate the line, including the rebuilding of Binahan Bridge in Ragay, with the complete route expected to be reopened by 2026. In his State of the Nation address, PresidentBongbong Marcos highlighted that the Bicol Line is a crucial channel that we are committed to restoring to complete functionality.[31][32]
There are currently 47 stations being used on the South Main Line, 31 of these are for the Metro South Commuter line, 6 stations for the Inter-Provincial Commuter line,[25] and 10 for the Bicol Commuter service. It previously served all provinces inCalabarzon, as well asCamarines Sur andAlbay. Currently, only sections inMetro Manila,Laguna,Quezon, and Camarines Sur are served.
There are two operable sections of the South Main Line, theMetro Commuter Line, the Inter-Provincial Commuter line and theBicol Commuter service. The Metro Commuter Line operates two services, the Metro South Commuter and theShuttle Service.
In 2006, regular intercity operations on the South Main Line were indefinitely suspended. Issues such as railmetal theft and natural disasters have hampered the line's intercity service from operating regularly ever since. Illegal settlers also live close to the rails in Metro Manila and Laguna sections of the line. In Camarines Sur, liquefaction of the track's embankment caused a section of the line inSipocot to sink. This forced the inaugural service of the newBicol Express in 2011 to slow down to a near stop while passing through the area.[35] On September 21, 2019, a KiHa 59 and a rerailment train consisting of a newly-repaintedPNR 900 class locomotive and a CMC coach conducted a test run from Tutuban to Naga.[36]
The regularMetro South Commuter serves theGreater Manila Area from Tutuban toAlabang in Muntinlupa,Mamatid inCabuyao,Calamba, orIRRI inLos Baños. There were commuter services leading toCollege from 1976 to 1986, which was superseded by the present service to IRRI. There were also named services to Guadalupe station inMandaluyong andCarmona station inCarmona,Cavite. These were named after indigenous flora.[37] The present Metro South Commuter line was closed to give way for the construction of theNorth–South Commuter Railway (NSCR). The line's current trainsets are set to be transferred to operating services in Southern Luzon, the Inter-Provincial Commuter and the Bicol Commuter Lines, which allows the lines to increase trips and serve more passengers. The present South Commuter Line will also be rebuilt and it will serve as an alternate transport mode to the NSCR, as well as for future freight services.[38]
TheBicol Express was the primary service on the South Main Line. The service started operations between Manila and Aloneros station inGuinayangan,Quezon by 1919 along with theLucena Express. A separate train between Pamplona and Tabaco, and between Port Ragay and Legazpi was opened by 1933. The Tabaco branch line during this era was closed in 1937 and instead, they linked these three sections into a single line. This formed the backbone of the South Main Line and was subsequently opened in 1938. This service was short lived and ended during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines in 1942. During this era, the Japanese government focused on rebuilding the North Main Line instead and extended it toSudipen on the border betweenIlocos Sur andLa Union, and the south line's rehabilitation was cut toSan Pablo, Laguna.[40]
After the line's post-war rehabilitation, another service was opened. The service immediately became popular with the public and more services were introduced on August 16, 1954.
There were two services of this type: the daytimeBicol Express and theNight Express which was the night train counterpart. TheBicol Express leaving Manila was numbered 511 and its night counterpart leaving Legazpi was numbered 513. TheBicol Express leaving Legazpi was numbered 512 and theNight Express leaving Manila was numbered 514. The trains only stopped at six stations between Tutuban and Legazpi:Paco,Lucena,Tagkawayan,Sipocot,Naga andLigao. Journey times lasted 13 hours between the two termini.[41] Services were expanded until the 1970s.
By 1998,Bicol Express was the only intercity service on the South Main Line. More stations were also added to the line. It was renumbered as Train T-611 for the southbound (MA-NG) and Train T-612 for the northbound (NG-MA). AnotherBicol Express train was serviced by the second version of the General Manager's train, a trainset based on modified CMC-300 series DMUs already operating in PNR service. This was numbered T-577.[42]
Since then, the service was discontinued by 2006 after natural disasters inflicted serious damage to the tracks and bridges. Efforts to revive the service were unsuccessful. Since 2014, operations to theBicol Region have been suspended. This is primarily because of typhoon damage to bridges. The PNR hoped to reopen the Bicol Express Service by about September 2014.[43] Due to the damages brought by theTyphoon Rammasun (locally named Glenda), PNR announced that the Bicol Express' resumption of services would be further delayed until October and November 2014. Since then, the resumption of service has been repeatedly announced and then cancelled, most recently in late 2016.[44] This was mostly because of an inadequacy of train coaches, the remoteness of the areas covered by the rail tracks, and the necessity of more extensive railway repairs, which has rendered the railways towards Tutuban and back impassable.[45][46]
The return of train services to Bicol is planned with the construction of theSouth Long Haul project.
The Lucena Express was first opened in 1916 with a service between Malvar, Batangas and Aloneros in Guinayangan, Quezon. Later, the service was opened between Manila and Lucena. This train stopped at Blumentritt (San Lazaro), Santa Mesa, Paco, San Pedro, Biñan, Santa Rosa, Calamba, Los Baños, College, Masaya, San Pablo, Tiaong, Taguan, Candelaria, Lutucan and Sariaya stations. It was discontinued in 1942 during the Japanese occupation and was later integrated with theBicol Express after the war.[citation needed]
The olderMayon Express Limited service was hauled by the newly-acquired MCBP class DMUs starting in 1973.[47]
In March 2012, theMayon Limited was resurrected and ran between Tutuban and Ligao. The train ran as Mayon DeLuxe on Monday, Wednesday and Friday from Tutuban as train T-713 with three air-conditioned carriages with reclining seats. The train returned on Tuesday, Thursday and Sunday as train T-714 from Ligao. On Tuesdays, Thursdays and Sundays the train ran as Ordinary train (T-815) with non-reclining seats and cooling by fan. The departures for train T-816 were scheduled every Monday, Wednesday and Friday. The train did not run on Saturdays.[48] The trains meet at Gumaca.[49]
Two types of DMUs were used for the service. The ordinaryMayon Limited services usedKiHa 52 DMUs.[50] Meanwhile theMayon Limited Deluxe used theKiHa 59 series DMUs, still with its originalKogane livery.[51]
As of September 2013, all operations to theBicol Region, including the Mayon Limited, have been suspended.[52]
TheManila Limited was a train service betweenManila andIriga. One train each left from these two termini. Train 517 left Manila by 3 pm and arrived in Iriga by 4:15 am. Train 518 left Iriga by 2:50 pm and arrived in Manila by 2:35 am. It ended in 2006 when all regular intercity services were terminated.[53]
ThePrestige Express, also nicknamed theVIP Train from some rail enthusiasts of the time, was alimited express service from 1974 to 1981. It ran the full length of the South Main Line, but only stopped at only five stations in between. In Manila, it only stopped at the historicPaco station. Afterwards, it stopped atLucena inQuezon,Naga inCamarines Sur, and inDaraga andLigao inAlbay. Like all services on the South Main Line, there were more stations added. The service was replaced by the shorterPeñafrancia Express in 1981 that ended at Naga.[54]
The service used JMC-319Luster, later MC-6366Nikkō. It was a JMC class diesel multiple unit built byTokyu Car Company in 1955 and refurbished in 1973 with astreamlined cab inspired by the likes of the0 Series Shinkansen.[55][54] PNR later removed the streamlined cone from the unit after an accident and the trainset was placed into service to serve theBicol Express from 1998 to 2004.[42] Since then, it has been withdrawn from passenger service and was relegated to track maintenance as inspection car IC-888. Although inactive and stripped of its motive power, there are no plans for the unit to be scrapped.[56]
The PNR inaugurated thePeñafrancia Express between Manila and Naga City in 1981. It became PNR's premium intercity service and also had airline-style features such as pre-recorded background music, snacks, caterers, and stewardesses. Unlike the precedingPrestige Express, it did not have specialized rolling stock. It was primarily a choice between the acquired refurbishedNikko train acquired from the previousPrestige service, and later the900 class locomotive and hauled ICF baggage cars and sleeper coaches built in Madras (nowChennai), India.[54]
Initially they were non-stop between Paco Station in Manila and Naga City, save for when the Peñafrancia Express trains headed in opposite directions and had to cross each other along the route in Quezon province. Later on, additional stops were added, mostly in the Bicol province of Camarines Sur with the train stopping in towns like Ragay, Sipocot, and Libmanan. This service ended by the late 1990s.[57]
All locomotives, coaches and multiple units in active service with the PNR are being used on the South Main Line. This is because almost all PNR operations happen here on Metro South Commuter,Shuttle Service, Inter-Provincial Commuter, and Bicol Commuter services.
As of 2022, the line uses diesel locomotives and multiple units, as well as passenger coaches built for the1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) Cape gauge. Its diesel locomotive fleet are predominantlyGE Universal Series locomotives built between 1973 and 1992 byGE Transportation, the exception being 3INKA CC300s which entered service in 2021. These are the900,2500 and5000 classes. Not all GE locomotives are operational due to either being scrapped, destroyed during accidents or stored for rehabilitation.[58]
Meanwhile, its multiple units and coaches are all built by Asian manufacturers. There are three distinct generations of active railcars:[59]
| PNR South Luzon Railways Program | |
|---|---|
 Map of the new South Railways program, including NSCR South and PNR Bicol. | |
| Overview | |
| Status | Under construction (NSCR) Pre-construction phase (SLH) |
| Owner | Philippine National Railways |
| Locale | Metro Manila Calabarzon Bicol Region |
| Termini | |
| Stations | 54 |
| Service | |
| Type | Urban rail transit (S-train) (NSCR) Inter-city rail (Higher-speed rail) (SLH) |
| System | PNR Luzon |
| Services | 8 |
| Operator(s) | Philippine National Railways |
| Daily ridership | 440,000[i] |
| History | |
| Opened | June 26, 2022; 3 years ago (2022-06-26) (partial) 2032 (full; NSCR) |
| Technical | |
| Line length | 695 km (432 mi)[j] |
| Track length | 751 km (467 mi) |
| Number of tracks | Double-track (NSCR) Single-track withsidings (SLH) |
| Character | Grade-separated |
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)standard gauge |
| Electrification | 1,500 V DCOHLE (NSCR) |
| Operating speed | 160 km/h (99 mph) |
The South Main Line will be reconstructed under the PNR South railways program that is part of the new Luzon Rail System (PNR Luzon). PNR Luzon is the proposed network of rail lines to be built on the island ofLuzon. Two new lines that will use the South Main Line's right of way will be constructed.[62] The first is the 56 km (35 mi) south section of theNorth–South Commuter Railway, an electrified double-track line connectingMetro Manila andLaguna toCentral Luzon, which is served by theNorth Main Line. Second, is the South Long Haul that leads to theBicol Region.[63][64]
A 56 km (35 mi) section of the South Main Line, currently used for the Metro Commuter service, will be reconstructed as part of theNorth–South Commuter Railway. This section of the line, referred to as NSCR South or PNR Calamba, will run betweenTutuban toCalamba, and will connect with its northern counterpart at either Tutuban orSolis on the other end of thewye junction inManila.[65] The plan will also have interoperability between theMetro Manila Subway and the NSCR, and the subway trains will extend services to Calamba.[66] While the maximum speed of the system is 160 km/h (99 mph), the dense urban areas along this section will limit its maximum speed to 120 km/h (75 mph) and to 80 km/h (50 mph) at the underground section nearSenate-DepEd station.[67] The project was co-financed by theJapan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and theAsian Development Bank (ADB), and construction began in July 2023. It expects full operations by 2032.
NSCR is anS-train-styleurban rail transit system. It incorporates elements ofcommuter rail in terms of distance covered and higher maximum speed, as well as elements ofrapid transit in terms of service frequency, right-of-way separated, rolling stock with longitudinal seating, and use of half-heightplatform screen doors.[67]Limited-stopCommuter express services will use the same rolling stock as the regular commuter service but will stop at fewer stations. Finally, anAirport express service will enjoy the highest priority and will have its dedicated rolling stock being alimited express service.[68]
A total of 464electric multiple unit trainsets have been procured to operate on the line. 104 of these are 8-carEM10000 class trainsets that are based onJR East commuter stock such as theE233 series to be built by theJapan Transport Engineering Company (J-TREC). Another 404 commuter train cars will be built by J-TREC.[69] As of 2023, the airport express trains are being procured after they awarded the contract.[70]
There are also plans for the line to be extended toBatangas City to the south once the line itself achieves successful operations. This will occupy the old right-of-way of the Bauan line. Along with the northward extension to the north toTarlac City, the line will have a total length of 220 kilometers (140 miles).[71] The Batangas extension will be a different development from the South Long Haul as the two lines will not overlap, even in Metro Manila.[72]
The South Long Haul project, also known as PNR Bicol, was to rebuild the intercity line between Metro Manila and the Bicol Region. Originally proposed as a simple reconstruction of the existing network at narrow-gauge and a maximum speed of 75 kilometers (47 mi),[73] the project now involves a complete overhaul of the railway and its conversion tostandard-gauge, replacing the existing line.[74] The line will be initially built as asingle-track system. However, there are provisions for an upgrade to double-track or electrification in the future. Stations will be allowed to usepassing sidings so thatexpress train travel is uninterrupted.[75]
The South Long Haul line in its present form was to be built betweenSucat inMuntinlupa, southernMetro Manila, and Matnog station inMatnog,Sorsogon at the southeasternmost tip ofLuzon. There will be two branch lines with the first is the Batangas branch. The branch will split betweenLos Baños andSan Pablo stations in Laguna and will head towards the direction ofLipa, Batangas and will follow a new right of way, ending atBatangas International Port inBatangas City.[76] The second branch will be the Legazpi line. It will be built from the newDaraga station located outside thepoblacion ofDaraga at which Phase 1 terminates, and will lead the existing right of way toLegazpi station inLegazpi, Albay.[77]
Originally having a planned maximum speed 120 km/h (75 mph), revisions to the right-of-way were made and the maximum speed was increased to 160 km/h (99 mph) for express trains, comparable tohigher-speed rail in other countries. This reduces overall travel time from the oldBicol Express of 14 to 18 hours to only a maximum of 4.5 hours toLegazpi, allowing the PNR to compete with air and highway travel.[78]
[62] To accommodate this many passengers, 64passenger railcars were procured by the PNR in 2021. This would be arranged into 8-car trainsets similar to the NSCR, but are expected to be diesel stock due to the aforementioned lack of electrification on the line.[79][unreliable source?] This replaced a previous order of 9diesel multiple unit cars fromCRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive, which would have been arranged into 3-car trainsets.[80]Diesel locomotives are also expected to be used asfreight trains connecting variousports and inland facilities.[81]
The project would have also rebuild the remaining Metro South Commuter section betweenTutuban and Sucat sometime after the line's completion by 2025. Newer narrow-gauge rolling stock are expected to remain in service due to them being the most recent stock in the PNR fleet. The only publicly-available information was about its purpose being primarily for freight transport. For passenger services, it will also serve as a transport redundancy for the NSCR.[82] Plans for a workaround with existing rolling stock are yet to be announced.
The project was initially planned to be funded through Chineseofficial development assistance, but that support was withdrawn in 2023.[83]
{{cite AV media}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)Manila – Bicol trips are currently suspended. Please bear with us.
