 | |
 NEC PC-8801 | |
| Developer | Nippon Electric (NEC) |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | New Nippon Electric (NEC Home Electronics) |
| Type | Home computer |
| Released | November 1981; 44 years ago (1981-11) |
| Operating system | N-88 BASIC |
| CPU | NEC μPD780C-1 @ 4 MHz and higher |
| Memory | 64kilobytes and higher |
| Display | Text 80 × 25, graphics 160 × 100, 8 colors (and higher) |
| Graphics | SGP |
| Sound | Internal beeper (and higher) |
| Power | 100 VAC |
| Predecessor | PC-8000 series |
| Successor | PC-9800 series |
ThePC-8800 series (Japanese:PC-8800シリーズ,Hepburn:Pī Shī Hassen Happyaku Shirīzu), commonly shortened toPC-88, are a brand ofZilog Z80-based 8-bithome computers released byNippon Electric Company (NEC) in 1981 and primarily sold inJapan.
The PC-8800 series sold extremely well and became one of the four major Japanese home computers of the 1980s, along with theFujitsu FM-7,Sharp X1 and theMSX computers. It was later eclipsed by NEC's 16-bitPC-9800 series, although it still maintained strong sales up until the early 1990s.
NEC's American subsidiary, NEC Home Electronics (USA), marketed variations of the PC-8800 in theUnited States[1][2] andCanada.
Nippon Electric's Microcomputer Sales Section of the Electronic Device Sales Division launched thePC-8001 in September 1979, and by 1981 it accounted for 40% of the Japanese personal computer market.[3] In April 1981, Nippon Electric decided to expand personal computer lines into three groups: New Nippon Electric, Information Processing Group and Electronic Devices Group, with each specializing in a particular series. The Microcomputer Sales Section was reformed to the Microcomputer and Application Division in June 1980, and was renamed to the Personal Computer Division in April 1981. At that time, Japanese personal computers were mostly used by hobbyists. The division introduced thePC-8801 in November 1981 and intended to expand the personal computer market into the business world.[4]
ThePC-8801 was capable of displayingKanji characters via an optional KanjiROM board. Various companies released Japaneseword processor software for the machine, such as My Letter (マイレター), Writing (文筆,Bunpitsu), andYūkara (ユーカラ). NEC themselves released Japanese Word Processor (日本語ワードプロセッサ) which was a rebranded version of Yukara, but it was not a success.[5] In addition to office software, companies likeEnix andKoei released many popular games for the system, establishing the PC-8801 as a strong gaming platform.[6] By November 1983, thePC-8801 had shipped 170,000 units.[7] The PC-8801's direct successor, thePC-8801mkII, came with aJIS level 1 kanji font ROM, a smaller case and keyboard, and, in the models 20 and 30, one or two internal 51⁄4-inch 2Dfloppy disk drives. This set of PC-8800 computers sold more units than the PC-9800 series at that time.[8]
By December 1983, NEC had multiple personal computer lines coming out from different divisions. NEC's Information Processing group had the PC-9800 series, and NEC Home Electronics had thePC-6000 series. To avoid competing with itself, NEC decided to consolidate their personal computer business into two divisions; the NEC Home Electronics division dealt with the 8-bit home computer line, and the Information Processing group dealt with the 16-bit personal computer line. The Electronic Device Sales division spun off personal computer business into NEC Home Electronics.[4]
In March 1985, NEC Home Electronics introduced thePC-8801mkIISR, which had improved graphics and sound capabilities.[6] A cost-reduced version, thePC-8801mkIIFR, shipped 60,000 units for half a year.[9] Although the PC-9801VM shipments surpassed it,[8] the PC-8800 series was still popular as a Japanese PC game platform until the early 1990s.[10]
Throughout the lifetime of the PC-8800, there were four different graphics modes. They are as follows:
No entry in the PC-8800 series was capable of displaying all four modes.
The early computers in the PC-8800 series use a simple internal speaker, like theApple II,PC-8000 andIBM PC, capable of generating beeps and clicks. Later models addedFM-synthesis chips for much more elaborate audio.
Companies that produced exclusive software for the NEC PC-8801 includedEnix,Square,Sega,Taito,Nihon Falcom,Bandai,HAL Laboratory,ASCII,Namco,Pony Canyon,Technology and Entertainment Software,Wolf Team,Capcom, Dempa, Champion Soft, Starcraft,Micro Cabin, PSK, andBothtec. Certain games produced for the PC-8801 had a shared release with theMSX, such as those produced byGame Arts,ELF Corporation, andKonami. Many popular series first appeared on the NEC PC-8801, includingSnatcher,Thexder,Dragon Slayer,RPG Maker,Sokoban, andYs. There were also ports of famous games from other systems, such asMight and Magic: Book One The Secret of the Inner Sanctum.[11].
Nintendo licensedHudson Soft to port some of Nintendo'sFamily Computer games for the platform, includingExcitebike,Balloon Fight,Tennis,Golf, andIce Climber, as well as new editions ofMario Bros. calledMario Bros. Special andPunch Ball Mario Bros., a semi-sequel toDonkey Kong 3 titledDonkey Kong 3: Dai Gyakushū.
The computer also had its ownBASIC dialect, N88-BASIC.
| Release year | Model name | Model | CPU | RAM | VRAM | N mode | V1 mode | V2 mode | V3 mode | Sound | Atari D-sub 9-pin I/O port | FDD | CD-ROM | Operating system | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1981 | PC-8801 | NECμPD780C-1 4 MHz | 64 KB | 48 KB | Yes | Yes | No | No | Internal beeper like in the IBM PC | No | No | No | NEC N-88 BASIC | 4 expansion board slot. | |
| 1983 | PC-8801mkII | model 10 | NECμPD780C-1 4 MHz | 64 KB | 48 KB | Yes | Yes | No | No | Beeper[verification needed] | No | No | No | ||
| model 20 | 1× 5.25" 2D | ||||||||||||||
| model 30 | 2× 5.25" 2D | ||||||||||||||
| 1985 | PC-8801mkII SR | model 10 | NECμPD780C-1 4 MHz | 64 KB | 48 KB | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | FM (YM2203)Mono | Yes | No | No | The V2 mode that is necessary to play most PC-88 games is introduced. With D-sub 9pin Atari joystick port. | |
| model 20 | 1× 5.25" 2D | ||||||||||||||
| model 30 | 2× 5.25" 2D | ||||||||||||||
| PC-8801mkII TR | NECμPD780C-1 4 MHz | 64 KB | 48 KB | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | FM (YM2203)Mono | Yes | 2× 5.25" 2D | No | PC-8801 mkII SR with 300 bit/s modem | |||
| PC-8801mkII FR | model 10 | NECμPD780C-1 4 MHz | 64 KB | 48 KB | No | Yes | Yes | No | FM (YM2203)Mono | Yes | No | No | Cost-reduced version of PC-8801mkIISR | ||
| model 20 | 1× 5.25" 2D | ||||||||||||||
| model 30 | 2× 5.25" 2D | ||||||||||||||
| PC-8801mkII MR | NECμPD780C-1 4 MHz | 192 KB | 48 KB | No | Yes | Yes | No | FM (YM2203)Mono | Yes | 2× 5.25" 2HD | No | FDD 2D->2HD | |||
| 1986 | PC-8801 FH | model 10 | NEC μPD70008 8 MHz | 64 KB | 48 KB | No | Yes | Yes | No | FM (YM2203)Mono | Yes | No | No | 88FR CPU upgrade. model30（B）is black color model. | |
| model 20 | 1× 5.25" 2D | ||||||||||||||
| model 30 | 2× 5.25" 2D | ||||||||||||||
| PC-8801 MH | NEC μPD70008 8 MHz | 192 KB | 48 KB | No | Yes | Yes | No | FM (YM2203)Mono | Yes | 2× 5.25" 2HD | No | 88MR CPU upgrade | |||
| 1987 | PC-88 VA | NEC μPD9002 8 MHz | 512 KB | 256 KB | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | FM (YM2203)Mono | Yes | 2× 5.25" 2HD | No | CPU upgrade (8-bit to 16-bit) | ||
| PC-8801 FA | NEC μPD70008 8 MHz | 64 KB | 48 KB | No | Yes | Yes | No | FM (YM2608)Stereo +ADPCMMono | Yes | 2× 5.25" 2D | No | sound card upgrade (88FH + sound board2(Yamaha YM2608)) | |||
| PC-8801 MA | NEC μPD70008 8 MHz | 192 KB | 48 KB | No | Yes | Yes | No | FM (YM2608)Stereo +ADPCMMono | Yes | 2× 5.25" 2HD | No | sound card upgrade (88MH + sound board2(Yamaha YM2608)) | |||
| 1988 | PC-88 VA2 | NEC μPD9002 8 MHz | 512 KB | 256 KB | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | FM (YM2608)Stereo +ADPCMMono | Yes | 2× 5.25" 2HD | No | |||
| PC-88 VA3 | NEC μPD9002 8 MHz | 512 KB | 256 KB | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | FM (YM2608)Stereo +ADPCMMono | Yes | 2× 5.25" 2HD / 1× 3.5" 2TD | No | add 2TD FDD | |||
| PC-8801 FE | NEC μPD70008 8 MHz | 64 KB | 48 KB | No | Yes | Yes | No | FM (YM2203)Mono | Yes | 2× 5.25" 2D | No | TV(NTSC) output (composite video), del external I/O | |||
| PC-8801 MA2 | NEC μPD70008 8 MHz | 192 KB | 48 KB | No | Yes | Yes | No | FM (YM2608)Stereo +ADPCMMono | Yes | 2× 5.25" 2HD | No | 88MA model change | |||
| 1989 | PC-8801 FE2 | NEC μPD70008 8 MHz | 64 KB | 48 KB | No | Yes | Yes | No | FM (YM2203)Mono | Yes | 2× 5.25" 2D | No | 88FE model change | ||
| PC-8801 MC | model 1 | NEC μPD70008 8 MHz | 192 KB | 48 KB | No | Yes | Yes | No | FM (YM2608)Stereo +ADPCMMono | Yes | 2× 5.25" 2HD | Optional | |||
| model 2 | 2× 5.25" 2HD | Yes | |||||||||||||
| Preceded by | NEC Personal Computers | Succeeded by |
