Panhellenic Socialist Movement Πανελλήνιο Σοσιαλιστικό Κίνημα | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Abbreviation | PASOK, ΠΑΣΟΚ |
| President | Nikos Androulakis |
| Founder | Andreas Papandreou |
| Founded | 3 September 1974; 50 years ago (1974-09-03) |
| Preceded by | Panhellenic Liberation Movement |
| Headquarters | Chariláou Trikoúpi 50, 106 80Athens |
| Student wing | Panhellenic Combative Student Faction (ΠΑΣΠ)(universities' organization) Panhellenic Combative Student Movement (ΠΑΜΚ)(school organization;dormant) |
| Youth wing | PASOK Youth |
| Trade union wing | Panhellenic Trade Union Movement of Workers (ΠΑΣΚΕ) |
| Membership(2022) | 189,000[1] |
| Ideology | |
| Political position | Centre-left[8] Historical: Left-wing |
| National affiliation |
|
| European affiliation | Party of European Socialists |
| European Parliament group | Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats |
| International affiliation | |
| Colours | |
| Slogan | "Society in the foreground" |
| Anthem | O ílios o prásinos (The Green Sun)[9] |
| Parliament | 32 / 300 |
| European Parliament | 3 / 21 |
| Party flag | |
.png) | |
| Website | |
pasok | |
ThePanhellenic Socialist Movement (Greek:Πανελλήνιο Σοσιαλιστικό Κίνημα,romanized: Panellínio Sosialistikó Kínima,pronounced[paneˈlini.ososi.alistiˈkoˈcinima]), known mostly by its acronymPASOK, (/pəˈsɒk/;ΠΑΣΟΚ,pronounced[paˈsok]) is asocial-democratic[2][3][4]political party in Greece. Until 2012 it wasone of the two major parties in the country, along withNew Democracy, its main political rival. After a decade of poor electoral outcomes, PASOK has retained its position as one of the main Greek political parties and is currently the second largest party in the Greek Parliament.
Following thecollapse of theGreek military dictatorship of 1967–1974, PASOK was founded on 3 September 1974 as asocialist party.
Formerly the largest left-of-center party in Greece between 1977 and 2012, PASOK lost much of its popular support as a result of theGreek debt crisis. PASOK was the ruling party when the economic crisis began, and it negotiated thefirst Greek bailout package with theEuropean troika, which necessitated harsh austerity measures.[10][11] This caused a significant loss in the party's popularity.[12][13] It was part of two coalition governments from 2011 to 2015, during which further austerity measures were taken in response to the crisis. Due to these measures and the crisis, PASOK went from being the largest party in theHellenic Parliament with 160 seats (43.92% of the popular vote) in the2009 election to being the smallest party with 13 seats (4.68% of the popular vote) in theJanuary 2015 election. This decline became known asPasokification.[14]
To halt the party's decline,Fofi Gennimata was elected as the new president of the party and formed a political alliance known as theDemocratic Alignment (DISY). In theSeptember 2015 election, DISY was the fourth most voted-for party. In 2018, PASOK merged into a new political alliance of centre-left parties, again led by Gennimata, called theMovement for Change (KINAL), becoming the third largest party in the parliament in the2019 election. After the death of Gennimata and the election of the new Party PresidentNikos Androulakis, PASOK (running under the newPASOK-KINAL umbrella) improved its electoral outcome, achieving a 11.84% share of the popular vote in theJune 2023 election. InOctober 2024, Androulakis was re-elected as president of PASOK.
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The first members of the party were the main organizers of the collapse of theGreek junta and the re-establishment of democracy on 3 September 1974. Its founder wasAndreas Papandreou, son of the late Greek liberal leader and three-timePrime Minister of GreeceGeorgios Papandreou Sr, and its co-founder trade unionistGeorgios Daskalakis. Its founding mottos were "National Independence, Popular Sovereignty, Social Emancipation, Democratic Process." Andreas Papandreou was offered the leadership of the liberal political forces - what evolved intoCentre Union – New Forces - immediately after the restoration of democracy, but in a risky move he declined, so the leadership was assumed byGeorgios Mavros. Papandreou, a powerful orator andcharismatic leader, explicitly rejected theVenizelist ideological heritage of his father, and stressed the fact that he was a socialist, not a liberal.
At theNovember 1974 elections the Party received only 13.5% of the vote and won 15 seats (out of 300), coming third behind the centre-rightNew Democracy ofKonstantinos Karamanlis and theCentre Union – New Forces (EK-ND) ofGiorgos Mavros. In theNovember 1977 elections, however, PASOK eclipsed the EK-ND, winning 93 seats by doubling its share of the vote and becoming the main opposition party in Greece at the time.
In the October 1981 national elections PASOK won a landslide victory with 48.1% of the vote, capturing 172 seats; it forming the first socialist government in Greece since 1924. Although Papandreou had campaigned for withdrawal of Greece fromNATO and theEuropean Economic Community, after a strong request by the rest of the party members and its supporters,[citation needed] changed his policies towards both organizations. He proved to be an excellent negotiator when it came to securing benefits and subsidies for Greece from the EEC. For example, in 1985 he openly threatenedJacques Delors to veto the entry of Spain andPortugal in to the ECC to secure more monetary aid for Greece.[15] In the June 1985 elections, PASOK received 46% of the vote, winning 161 seats, thus securing a stable parliamentary majority for its second term in power.
It continued to be popular for much of its second term, especially in March 1987 whenAndreas Papandreou successfully handleda crisis in theAegean with Turkey. By late 1988 however, both the government's popularity and Papandreou's health had declined. The former, because of the press’ reports of financial and corruption scandals that, implicated Ministers and, allegedly, Andreas Papandreou himself as well as because of fiscal austerity measures imposed after theKeynesian policies of the first term. Under Papandreou, total government expenditure rose in 1982 by 6.8%, by 1.4% in 1983, by 5.5% in 1984, and by 11.0% in 1985. As a result of austerity measures introduced in October 1985,[16] however, total government expenditure fell by 4.6% in 1986, and by 1.9% in 1987.[17] The middle of 1987, however, sawCostas Simitis (the minister who presided over the austerity program) being dismissed and the austerity policies abandoned,[18] with expansionary economic policies were pursued once again.[19]
Despite this u-turn, PASOK lost the June 1989 elections with 40% of the vote while the opposing New Democracy received 44.3%. PASOK had changed the electoral law before the elections, making it harder for the leading party to form a majority government, so the legislature was deadlocked.
Another election in November produced a very similar result. After a brief period of agrand coalition government, in which PASOK participated, a third election in April 1990 brought New Democracy back to power. Despite a 7% lead in popular vote over PASOK, New Democracy could only secure a marginal majority in theHellenic Parliament, electing 152 MPs out of a total of 300; PASOK had secured a larger number of representatives on a lower percentage of votes, as well as having a small overall lead, in the elections of 1985, under the previous electoral system. Its representation in theParliament shrunk to 121 MPs in 1990.
In opposition, PASOK underwent a leadership crisis whenAndreas Papandreou was prosecuted over his supposed involvement in theKoskotas scandal. He was eventually acquitted and, in a dramatic twist of fate, in the October 1993 elections led the party to another landslide victory. Papandreou returned to office with 47% of the vote and his re-election was considered by many a vote of confidence of the public against his prosecution. In November 1995, however, Papandreou's health began to deteriorate and the party was racked with leadership conflicts.
During his time in office, Papandreou presided over a wide range of social reforms. His governments carried through sweeping reforms of social policy by introducing a welfare state,[20] significantly expanding welfare measures,[21] expanding health care coverage (the "National Health System" was instituted, which made modern medical procedures available in rural areas for the first time,[22]) promoting state-subsidized tourism (social tourism) for lower-income families, and index-linking pensions.[23]
A number of other reforms were carried out in areas such as trade union rights,[24] shop closing and reopening times,[25] social security,[26][27] education,[28][29][30][31] health and safety,[32] and work councils.[33] A more progressive taxation scheme was introduced and budgetary support for artistic and cultural programmes was increased.[34] Social aid became available to deaf and dumb adults as well as for persons with mental disabilities, minimum pensions were indexed to the minimum wage, a social assistance pension for those aged 68 and over was introduced, and (as noted by one study) "All uninsured employed and self-employed individuals are covered by IKA (social insurance fund)." Social security benefits were also adjusted to price increases, while social assistance disability benefits were extended to new categories. Special family allowances were established for certain groups. Wages and pensions became automatically adjusted in line with the consumer price index every 4 months on the basis of economic forecasts. In addition, all women with unmarried children under 21 could retire at 55, early retirement was extended to more occupations, and low-income households received housing allowances.[35] The role of OAED in vocational guidance and training was strengthened, while subsidies for returning Greek migrants were introduced. Saturday working was also abolished for certain categories of workers.[36]
Various reforms were carried out in education, such as the modernization of university curricula and the introduction of new procedures for selecting and promoting faculty which involved greater participation by students. Higher education was also made available on equal terms to all Greek citizens. New rights for women were also introduced, amongst which included the abolition of the dowry system, the legalization of civil marriage, the decriminalization of adultery for women, and the granting to female farmers their own pension together with the ability to receive (in their own name) loans from the Agricultural Bank. In addition, a New Family Code was established, which declared that wives and husbands were equal partners in their marriages.[37] Agricultural policies of subsidization, cooperatives and price supports were also carried out that improved the overall positions of farmers.[38]
In 1986, the PASOK governmentamended the Greek constitution to remove most powers from the President and giving wider authority to the Prime Minister and the Executive Government. However, the dubious methods by Papandreou triggered aconstitutional crisis that ended after the elections of 1985.[39][40]Civil marriages, not consecrated by religious ceremony, were recognized as equally valid with religious weddings. The left-wingResistance movement against the Axis inWorld War II was finally formally recognized, and former leftist resistance fighters were given state pensions, while leftist political refugees of theGreek Civil War were finally given permission to return toGreece. Various repressive laws of theanti-communist postwar establishment were abolished, wages were boosted, an independent and multidimensional foreign policy was pursued, and theGreek Gendarmerie military police force abolished in 1984.[41]
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In January 1996Andreas Papandreou retired after a protracted three-month-long hospitalization, during which he retained the role of Prime Minister; he died six months later. He was succeeded byCostas Simitis, the candidate of the modernising,pro-European wing of PASOK (the so-called "modernizers", εκσυγχρονιστέςeksynchronistes), who won an internal vote againstAkis Tsochatzopoulos, a Papandreou confidant. In the first days following his election,Costas Simitis faced the biggest crisis in Greek politics for over 20 years,[citation needed] with theImia crisis. He was criticized for his soft stance againstTurkey and especially for praising in public the American intervention on the issue.
In a PASOK conference held in the summer of 1996, following Andreas Papandreou's death,Costas Simitis was elected leader of the party and called early elections seeking a renewed public vote of confidence. Although theImia crisis had somewhat tarnished his image, the country's economic prosperity and his matter-of-fact administration won him the September 1996 general election with a 41.5% of the vote. Under Costas Simitis' leadership, PASOK had two major successes: In September 1997 Greece won the right to stage the2004 Summer Olympic Games and in 2001 it was confirmed that the country would be included in theEurozone, for which it had failed to meet the convergence criteria in 1998. Costas Simitis won another term in April 2000, narrowly winning with 43.8% of the vote and 158 seats: a substantial achievement for a Party which had been in power almost continuously for nearly 20 years.
In 2000, after the assassination ofBrigadierSaunders by the terrorist group17 November (17N), and especially with the forthcomingAthens Olympics being a major terrorist target, a significant international pressure was exerted on PASOK to recognise thatGreece had a terrorist problem and do everything possible to bring the terrorist group to justice. Some[who?][42] among the western media had even falsely accusing the party of colluding with the terrorists, due to the fact that the authorities were unable to arrest the terrorists. Under the guidance of British and U.S. experts, the government intensified its efforts and finally, with a string of events starting at 29 June 2002, the 17N members were captured and put to trial.
Nevertheless, the party was losing its traditional appeal to the Greek lower and middleclasses. To revitalize the party's chances for the next elections,Costas Simitis announced his resignation as the leader of the party on 7 January 2004. He was succeeded byGeorge Papandreou, son ofAndreas Papandreou. The party members were expecting that Papandreou could reverse the slide in the opinion polls which saw the oppositionNew Democracy (ND), underKostas Karamanlis, 7% ahead at the start of the year.
Although Papandreou reduced ND's lead in the polls to 3%, he was unable to reverse the view of the majority of Greek voters that PASOK had been in power too long and had grown lazy, corrupt and had abandoned the inclusive and progressive principles of economic parity on which it was founded. ND had a comfortable win at the2004 legislative elections held on 7 March 2004, placing the party in opposition after eleven years in office with 40.55% share of the vote and 117 seats.
On 16 September 2007, New Democracy headed byCostas Karamanlis won re-election with a marginal majority of 152 seats in theParliament. Despite ND's falling performance in the2007 legislative election, PASOK suffered a crushing defeat, registering 38.1% of the vote, its lowest percentage in almost 30 years, and 102 seats in theHellenic Parliament.
The dismal result led to activation of the procedure to select a new leadership, or to reaffirm the current one. The main candidates for the leadership were the incumbentGeorge Papandreou and the Party's informal second in command,Evangelos Venizelos.M.P. forThessaloniki. M.P.Kostas Skandalidis also announced his candidacy in September. According to Party regulation, leaders are elected in a voting process open to all members. During theleadership election of 11 November 2007 George Papandreou was re-elected by the friends and members of the party as its leader.
In June 2009, the PASOK won the2009 European Parliament election in Greece.[43][44] Four months later, the Party enjoyed a resounding victory in theOctober 2009 general elections with 43.92% of the popular vote toND's 33.48%, and 160 parliament seats to 91.[45] Due to a number of defections and expulsions after 2009, by November 2011 PASOK held a slim majority of 152 of theparliament's 300 seats.[46]
A poll in October 2011 on behalf of the Greek TV channelSkai TV and the newspaperKathimerini (after the austerity measures that were taken to tackle the financial crisis) revealed that of the people asked, 92% felt disappointed by the government while only 5% believed that a PASOK government would be best for the nation in the next elections.[12] In the same survey, when asked about whether people have a positive or negative opinion of the various political parties in Greece, PASOK scored as the lowest, with 76% answering "negative".[12]
Because of the financial crisis and the measures that were taken by the party from 2009 to 2012, PASOK, having been the largest party in the outgoing coalition government, achieved only third place with a mere 13.18%, retaining just 41 seats.[47]
After the elections of 6 May 2012, thePresident of Greece,Karolos Papoulias, mandatedNew Democracy leaderAntonis Samaras to form a coalition government. On 7 May 2012, Samaras gave up the attempt and on the following day, President Papoulias mandatedAlexis Tsipras, president of theSynaspismos political party and head of theCoalition of the Radical Left (SYRIZA) parliamentary group. After Tsipras was also unable to form a government,Evangelos Venizelos was mandated, but he too had no success. Thelegislative elections of June 2012 resulted in a further reduction in PASOK's popular support, probably as a result of the unpopular memorandum signed by former Prime MinisterGeorge Papandreou with the IMF, European Commission and European Central Bank. PASOK's share of the overall vote was its worst ever showing since the party was formed (12.28%). However PASOK decided to help the formation of a government by joining withNew Democracy (ND) as well as theDemocratic Left (DIMAR) ofFotis Kouvelis in a coalition under Prime Minister Samaras.
To contest the2014 European election, PASOK founded theOlive Tree electoral alliance on 7 March 2014.[48][49][50] In the May 2014 European elections, the Olive Tree list came in fourth place nationally, receiving 8.02% of the vote, electing 2MEPs.[51][52]
On 29 December 2014, following the failure of the government to elect a presidential candidate, a snapJanuary 2015 legislative election was called by Prime Minister Samaras, scheduled for 25 January 2015.[53][54]
On 2 January 2015, in the run-up to the legislative election, former Prime Minister and PASOK leader George Papandreou announced the formation of a breakaway party calledMovement of Democratic Socialists (KIDISO),[55][56][57] a move immediately condemned by PASOK officials.[58][59] Five PASOK members of theHellenic Parliament were expected to join the new party, including the former ministersPhilippos Sachinidis andDimitris Reppas.[60]
In the25 January 2015 legislative election, PASOK received 4.7% of the vote, with mandate for 13 seats in the Hellenic Parliament.[citation needed]
On 30 August 2015, ahead of the upcoming September snap election, PASOK announced an electoral alliance with DIMAR, dubbed theDemocratic Alignment (DISY).[61][62][63]
In theSeptember 2015 legislative election on 20 September 2015, the Democratic Alignment (DISY) received 6.3% of the vote, and 17 seats.[64]
On 12 November 2017, an open primary was used as the first round of elections to select the leader of a new, as yet unfounded centre-left party in which PASOK would be folded. Nine initial leadership candidates include PASOK leaderFofi Gennimata,The River leaderStavros Theodorakis and incumbent Athens mayorGiorgos Kaminis.[65][66] Reaching the second-round election were Gennimata, with 44.5% of the vote, and PASOK MEPNikos Androulakis with 25.4%.[67][68] The run-off election on 19 November was won by Gennimata with 56% of the vote.[69][70] On 28 November 2017, the name of the new party was announced as "Movement for Change" (Greek:Κίνημα Αλλαγής), abbreviated to KINAL (ΚΙΝΑΛ).[71][72]
On 2 July 2018, The River left KINAL.[73] On 20 January 2019, DIMAR also left KINAL due to its position of supporting thePrespa agreement.[74] On 1 June 2019 former PASOK leaderEvangelos Venizelos left KINAL, accusing Gennimata of turning the Movement into "SYRIZA's tail".[75]
KINAL increased its obtained seats in the2019 Greek legislative election compared to Democratic Alignment, becoming Greece's third-largest party or coalition and securing 22 seats in theHellenic Parliament.[76] Following the election, KINAL positioned itself into opposition to the newMitsotakis Government.[77]
Gennimata died on 25 October 2021 at theEvangelismos Hospital in Athens from cancer.[78]
Elections for the new leader took place in December 2021, with the main candidates beingAndreas Loverdos,Nikos Androulakis, andGeorge Papandreou. Nikos Androulakis was elected to the leadership of both KINAL and PASOK on 12 December 2021.[79]
On 9 May 2022, the alliance was rebranded back to "PASOK – Movement for Change" (PASOK–KINAL) after an internal party referendum, becoming a political party in its own right and absorbing the original party incarnation.[80] The old PASOK emblem (the green sun) was restored soon after that.[81]
In theMay 2023 election, PASOK–KINAL managed to increase both its vote percentage by 3.36% and its share of seats in theHellenic Parliament from 22 to 41.[82] This increase, in combination with the electoral decline ofSyriza,[83] has raised hopes among members that the party would regain its former status as the largest opposition party.[84]
In the2024 European Parliament election, even though the party managed to come first inLasithi andHeraklion, PASOK eventually came in third place, recording a 12,79% vote share. The failure to capitalize on SYRIZA's further decline led a number of MPs and elected officials, includingHaris Doukas andPavlos Geroulanos to call for an election to replaceNikos Androulakis as party leader. The first round of the PASOK party election is planned to take place on 6 October 2024 while the second round is said to take place on 13.[85][86][87]
In November 2024, the party became the official opposition following a series of defections from SYRIZA.[88]
According to several communication experts, the frequently heard phrases "PASOK Era" and "PASOK Years" have been identified and penetrated into the collective subconscious with times of prosperity and abundance of goods[89][90] and money, mainly from European subsidies but also the increase of the living standards, before theeconomic and debt crisis of 2009. This has led to the creation of several memes comparing what a situation with PASOK would be like and how it is now.
PASOK is a member of theSocialist International,[91] theProgressive Alliance[92] and theParty of European Socialists.[93] PASOKMEPs sit with theProgressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) group in theEuropean Parliament.
Pasokification refers to the decline and rightward political shift of centre-left parties across Europe.
| Election | Hellenic Parliament | Rank | Government | Leader | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Seats won | +/− | ||||
| 1974 | 666,413 | 13.58% | New | 12 / 300 |  12 | 3rd | Opposition | Andreas Papandreou |
| 1977 | 1,300,025 | 25.34% | +11.76 | 93 / 300 | 81 | 2nd | Opposition | |
| 1981 | 2,726,309 | 48.07% | +22.73 | 172 / 300 | 79 | 1st | Government | |
| 1985 | 2,916,735 | 45.82% | −2.25 | 161 / 300 |  11 | 1st | Government | |
| Jun 1989 | 2,551,518 | 39.13% | −6.69 | 125 / 300 | 36 | 2nd | Opposition | |
| Nov 1989 | 2,724,334 | 40.67% | +1.54 | 128 / 300 | 3 | 2nd | Government | |
| 1990 | 2,543,042 | 38.61% | −2.06 | 123 / 300 | 5 | 2nd | Opposition | |
| 1993 | 3,235,017 | 46.88% | +8.27 | 170 / 300 | 47 | 1st | Government | |
| 1996 | 2,814,779 | 41.49% | −5.39 | 162 / 300 | 8 | 1st | Government | Costas Simitis |
| 2000 | 3,007,596 | 43.79% | +2.40 | 158 / 300 | 3 | 1st | Government | |
| 2004 | 3,003,988 | 40.55% | −3.34 | 117 / 300 | 41 | 2nd | Opposition | George Papandreou |
| 2007 | 2,727,279 | 38.10% | −2.45 | 102 / 300 | 15 | 2nd | Opposition | |
| 2009 | 3,012,373 | 43.92% | +5.82 | 160 / 300 | 58 | 1st | Government | |
| May 2012 | 833,452 | 13.18% | −30.74 | 41 / 300 | 119 | 3rd | Snap election | Evangelos Venizelos |
| Jun 2012 | 756,024 | 12.28% | −0.80 | 33 / 300 | 8 | 3rd | Coalition | |
| Jan 2015 | 289,469 | 4.68% | −7.60 | 13 / 300 | 20 | 7th | Opposition | |
| Sep 2015 | 341,390 (DISY) | 6.29% (DISY) | +1.13[c] | 16 / 300 | 3 | 4th | Opposition | Fofi Gennimata |
| 2019 | 457,519 (KINAL) | 8.10% (KINAL) | +1.81[d] | 19 / 300 | 3 | 3rd | Opposition | |
| May 2023 | 676,165 (PASOK–KINAL) | 11.46% (PASOK–KINAL) | +3.36 | 40 / 300 | 21 | 3rd | Snap election | Nikos Androulakis |
| Jun 2023 | 617,574 (PASOK–KINAL) | 11.84% (PASOK–KINAL) | +0.38 | 31 / 300 | 9 | 3rd | Opposition | |
| European Parliament | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Election | Votes | % | ±pp | Seats won | +/− | Rank | Leader | EP Group |
| 1981 | 2,278,030 | 40.12% | New | 10 / 24 | New | 1st | Andreas Papandreou | SOC |
| 1984 | 2,476,491 | 41.58% | +1.46 | 10 / 24 |  0 | 1st | ||
| 1989 | 2,352,271 | 35.96% | −5.62 | 9 / 24 | 1 | 2nd | ||
| 1994 | 2,458,619 | 37.64% | +1.68 | 10 / 25 | 1 | 1st | PES | |
| 1999 | 2,115,844 | 32.91% | −4.73 | 9 / 25 | 1 | 2nd | Costas Simitis | |
| 2004 | 2,083,327 | 34.03% | +1.12 | 8 / 24 | 1 | 2nd | George Papandreou | |
| 2009 | 1,878,859 | 36.65% | +2.62 | 8 / 22 | 0 | 1st | S&D | |
| 2014 | 458,403 (Elia) | 8.02% (Elia) | −28.63 | 2 / 21 | 6 | 4th | Evangelos Venizelos | |
| 2019 | 436,726 (KINAL) | 7.72% (KINAL) | −0.30 | 2 / 21 | 0 | 3rd | Fofi Gennimata | |
| 2024 | 508,399 (KINAL) | 12.79% (KINAL) | +5.07 | 3 / 21 | 1 | 3rd | Nikos Androulakis | |
| # | Leader | Portrait | Term of office | election | Prime Minister | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Andreas Papandreou |  | 3 September 1974 | 23 June 1996† | — | 1981–1989 1993–1996 | |
| 2 | Costas Simitis |  | 30 June 1996 | 8 February 2004 | 1996 | 1996–2004 | |
| 3 | George Papandreou |  | 8 February 2004 | 18 March 2012 | 2004 2007 | 2009–2011 | |
| 4 | Evangelos Venizelos | .jpg) | 18 March 2012 | 14 June 2015 | 2012 | — | |
| 5 | Fofi Gennimata | .jpg) | 14 June 2015 | 25 October 2021† | 2015 | — | |
| 6 | Nikos Androulakis |  | 12 December 2021 | Incumbent | 2021 2024 | — | |
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)Greece Panhellenic Socialist Movement, PASOK
(in Greek)
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