Oyo | |
|---|---|
 Bird’s eye view ofIbadan, the largest city and seat of the state, from the historic Bower’s Tower | |
 Flag  Seal | |
| Nicknames: | |
 Location of Oyo State in Nigeria | |
| Coordinates:8°00′N4°00′E / 8.000°N 4.000°E /8.000; 4.000[2] | |
| Country |  Nigeria |
| Date created | 3 February 1976 |
| Capital | Ibadan |
| Government | |
| • Body | Government of Oyo State |
| • Governor[3] | Seyi Makinde (PDP) |
| • Deputy Governor | Bayo Lawal (PDP) |
| • Legislature | Oyo State House of Assembly |
| • Senators | C:Yunus Akintunde (APC) N:Abdulfatai Buhari (APC) S:Sharafadeen Alli (APC) |
| • Representatives | List |
| Area | |
• Total | 28,454 km2 (10,986 sq mi) |
| Population (2006)[5] | |
• Total | 5,580,894[1] |
• Estimate (2022) | 7,976,100[4] |
| • Density | 196.14/km2 (507.99/sq mi) |
| GDP (PPP) | |
| • Year | 2021 |
| • Total | $23.8 billion[6] |
| • Per capita | $2,560[6] |
| Time zone | UTC+01 (WAT) |
| postal code | 200001 |
| ISO 3166 code | NG-OY |
| HDI (2022) | 0.603[7] medium ·15th of 37 |
| Website | www |
Oyo (Listenⓘ)(Yoruba:Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́[ìk͡pĩ́lɛ̀ɔ̀jɔ́]) is astate insouthwesternNigeria. Its capital isIbadan, thethird most populous city in the country and formerly the second most populous city inAfrica.[8] Oyo State isbordered to the north byKwara State for 337 km, to the southeast byOsun State for 187 km, partly across the River Osun, and to the south byOgun State, and to the west by theRepublic ofBenin for 98 km. With a projected population of 7,976,100 in 2022, Oyo State is thesixth most populous in theNigeria.[9]
The vast majority of Oyo State residents areYoruba.[10] Nicknamed the "Pace Setter State", present-day Oyo State sits on territory formerly ruled by theOyo Empire. The Oyo Empire was a powerful[citation needed][11][12]Yoruba empire that ruled much of Oyo state and by extension major parts of Yoruba lands fromc. 1300 to 1896.[13][14] Built in the 1830s, the modern city of Oyo "New Ọyọ" (Ọ̀yọ́ Àtìbà) is considered a remnant of the imperial Oyo era to distinguish itself from the former capital to the north, 'Old Oyo' (Ọ̀yọ́-Ilé). Although the medieval great Oyo empire collapsed in 1835, TheAlaafin (owner and custodian of the palace) continues to serve aceremonial role in the new city of Oyo in present Oyo state.[15]
Oyo State is the biggest state in Southern Nigeria in terms of landmass and is the second most populated state in Southern Nigeria after Lagos. According to the 2006 census the state is ranked the 4th most populous state in Nigeria with a population of 5,580,894. The recent estimate in 2022 projected the state population to be around 7,976,100 making it thesixth most populous in theNigeria.[9] Noted for being the site of the first university in Nigeria,[16] theUniversity of Ibadan,[17] founded in 1948, the state is acclaimed to be the state of many first in Nigeria including the First television station, first road in Nigeria, first stadium in Nigeria, First railway line in Nigeria, first teaching hospital in Nigeria amongst others.
The capital city of Ibadan, is the 3rd most populated city in Nigeria according to the 2006 official census. The state has the highest number of towns and cities mentioned in the top 50 most populous towns in Nigeria with Ibadan, Ogbomoso, Oyo, Saki and Iseyin all featuring in the list. The stateeconomy remains largelyagrarian, with the western city ofShaki being described as the state'sbreadbasket.Cassava,cocoa, andtobacco are among the most importantcrops to Oyo State's economy.[18][19]
Oyo State covers approximately an area of 28,454 square kilometers and is ranked 14th by size.[20] Thelandscape consists of old hard rocks and dome shaped hills, which rise gently from about 500 meters in the southern part and reaching a height of about 1,200 metres above sea level in the northern part.[21] Some principal rivers such asOgun,Oba,Oyan,Otin, Ofiki, Sasa,Oni,Erinle andOsun river originate in this highland. The southern and southeastern parts of the state form a continuous plain.[20]
Oyo State contains a number of natural features including theOld Oyo National Park, Agodi parks and gardens. In this location there was earlierhabitat for the endangeredAfrican wild dog,Lycaon pictus;[22] however, thiscanid is thought to have been locallyextirpated at the present.[citation needed]
The climate isequatorial, notably withdry andwet seasons with relatively highhumidity. Thedry season lasts from November to March while the wet season starts from April and ends in October. Average daily temperature ranges between 25 °C (77.0 °F) and 35 °C (95.0 °F), almost throughout the year.[23]
It was formed in 1976[24] fromWestern State, and includedỌsun State, which was split off in 1991. Oyo State ishomogenous, mainly inhabited by theYoruba ethnic group who are primarily agrarian but have a predilection for living in high-density urban centres.[25] The indigenes mainly comprise the Oyos, theOke-Oguns, the Ibadans[26] and theIbarapas, all belonging to the Yoruba family. Ibadan had been the centre ofadministration of the oldWestern Region since the days ofBritish colonial rule.[27]
Apart from Ibadan, other notable cities and towns in Ọyọ State includeỌyọ,Ogbomọsọ, Isẹyín-Okeogun, Ipapo-Okeogun, Kíṣì-Okeogun, Okeho-Okeogun, Saki-Okeogun, Igbeti-Okeogun, Igboho-okeogun [Igboho], Eruwa-Ibarapa,Iroko, Lanlate, OjeOwode-Okeogun, Sepeteri-Okeogun, Ilora-Oyo, Jobele-Oyo,Awe-Oyo, Ilérò-Okeogun, Okaka-Okeogun, Igbo Ora-Ibarapa,Idere[28]
In 2024, Yorubaseparatists unsuccessfullyattempted to overthrow the state government in Ibadan.[29]
The first degree awarding institution in Nigeria is theUniversity of Ibadan (established as a college of theUniversity of London[30] when it was founded in 1948, and later converted into anautonomous university in 1962).[31] The other universities in the state are:Lead City University, Ibadan,[32]Ajayi Crowther University,Oyo,[33]Koladaisi University,[34] Dominican University, Ibadan, andLadoke Akintola University of Technology,Ogbomoso.[35]The Polytechnic, Ibadan,[36] Oyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, Igbo Ora,[37] Adeseun Ogundoyin Polytechnic, Eruwa are located in Oyo State.[38]
There are 324secondary schools and 1,576 publicprimary schools in the state. Other noteworthy institutions in the city include theUniversity College Hospital, Ibadan;[39] the first teaching hospital in Nigeria and theInternational Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA).[40]Cocoa House located in Ibadan was the firstskyscraper built in Africa.[41]
The state is home toNTA Ibadan,[42] the first television station in Africa, and the Obafemi Awolowo (formerly, Liberty) Stadium, a stadium with a capacity of 35,000.[43]
Other major tourist attractions located in the state include:Agodi Botanical Garden, Ado-Awaye Suspended lake,Mapo Hall, University of IbadanZoological Garden, IdoCenotaph,Trans-Wonderland Amusement Park,Old Oyo National Park located in the historical site of the ancient capital of the famousold Oyo Empire, Iyamopo and Agbele Hill in Igbeti,Bower's Tower and the Cultural Centre, Mokola. The state hosts the first FM radio, and the first private television station,Galaxy Television[44] in the country.[45]
Under the Nigerian 1999 constitution[46] the government of Oyo State, and those of the other 35Nigerian States, is divided into three branches to be in line with the government of theFederal Republic of Nigeria which is also three tier: theexecutive branch, thelegislative branch and thejudiciary.[47] The executive branch of Oyo State government is headed by an electedexecutive governor who presides over theState Executive Council made up of appointed cabinet members. The present governor of Oyo State isSeyi Makinde withBayo Lawal serving as deputy governor.[48] The legislative branch is headed by an elected Speaker of the House of Assembly. The current Speaker is Hon.Debo Ogundoyin.[49] And lastly, the judiciary is headed by the Chief Judge of Oyo State High Court.[50] The present Chief Judge of the state is Hon. Justice Iyabo Yerima[51]
Presently, Oyo State has 2,004public schools (primary), 971 private nursery/primary schools, 969 public secondary schools including 7 schools of Science and 57 private secondary schools. The state also has five governmenttechnical colleges atOyo,Ogbomoso,Ibadan,[52] Shaki-Okeogun[53] and Iseyin-Okeogun with enrolment of 2,829 students in the 2000/2001 academic session. The National Youth Service Corp[54] (NYSC) permanent orientation camp is located in Iseyin.[55]
The Ebedi Writers' Residency situated at the hill-side of barracks area of Iseyin is an international residency that has brought great writers, journalists and authors all over the world including Africa's first Nobel Laureate, Prof.Wole Soyinka, Jumoke Verissiomo, Funmi Aluko, Richard Ali, Paul Liam and others.[56]
Historically prominent secondary schools includeSt Anne's School Ibadan (1869),[57]Wesley College, Ibadan (1905),Ibadan Grammar School (1913),Government College, Ibadan (1927),[58] St Theresa's College Ibadan (1932), Ibadan Boys' High School (1938),Olivet Heights Oyo (1945),Queen's School, Ibadan (1952),Loyola College, Ibadan (1954), St. Bernadine's Oyo (1957), Lagelu Grammar School Ibadan (1958), Iseyin District Grammar School Iseyin (1964), Methodist High School, Ibadan (1961) St Patrick's Grammar School Ibadan (1962) and several others. It is also home to Africa's leading fountain of knowledge, the iconic University of Ibadan (The university was originally instituted as an independent external college of the University of London, then it was called the University College, Ibadan[59][60]).
Two new technical colleges located at Iseyin, Iseyin Local Government area and Ikija in Oluyole Local Government area were established in the 2001/2002 academic session. A college of education, Oyo State College of Education, Oyo.[61] There is a Polytechnic,The Polytechnic, Ibadan[36] with 2 satellite campuses atEruwa[62] and Shaki-Okeogun, (now known as The Oke-Ogun Polytechnic) and a State-owned University, TheLadoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Ogbomoso[35][63] which is jointly owned by Oyo andOsun State Governments. The federal premier university TheUniversity of Ibadan[64] is also located in the State capital. A private Polytechnic (SAF Polytechnic, Iseyin) is located in Iseyin. There is a vocational Institute in Saki West Local Government named: The Kings Poly, Shaki-Okeogun.[65][citation needed]
There are also theFederal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Ibadan;[66]Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo,[67] the Federal School of Surveying, Oyo;Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN), Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T), the Nigerian Institute of Science Laboratory Technology (NISLT), the Federal College of Forestry, Ibadan (FEDCOFOR),[68] a subsidiary ofForestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN)[69] and theNigerian Institute Of Social And Economic Research (NISER), all in Ibadan.[70][71][citation needed]
Similarly, there are 15 Nomadic schools in the State. They are Gaa Jooro and Gaa Baale, both in Kisi (Irepo Local Government); Baochilu Government; Arin-Oye, Abiogun, Okaka and Baba-Ode (Itesiwaju Local Government); Iganna (Iwajowa Local Government); Igangan and Ayete (Ibarapa North Local Government); Gaa Kondo and Igbo-Ora, (Ibarapa Central Local Government) and Sepeteri (Saki East Local Government). There are 213continuing education centres spread all over the State.[citation needed][72]
15 special primary schools and 8 special units in secondary schools cater for handicapped children. There are 11,732 teaching staff in the state public secondary schools and 2,789 non-teaching staff.[citation needed]
The Agency for Adult and Non-formal Education (AANFE) caters for illiterate adults who had no opportunity of formal education. The agency has 455 classes in existence in the 33 Local Government areas of the State, while 200,000 illiterate adults and over 80,000 post-illiterate adults have been trained recently.[73]
The following are universities located within Oyo State;[74]
 | This sectionmay containunverified orindiscriminate information inembedded lists. Please helpclean up the lists by removing items or incorporating them into the text of the article.(March 2024) |
| This sectionmay containunverified orindiscriminate information inembedded lists. Please helpclean up the lists by removing items or incorporating them into the text of the article.(March 2024) |
| This sectionmay containunverified orindiscriminate information inembedded lists. Please helpclean up the lists by removing items or incorporating them into the text of the article.(March 2024) |
| This sectionmay containunverified orindiscriminate information inembedded lists. Please helpclean up the lists by removing items or incorporating them into the text of the article.(March 2024) |
| This sectionmay containunverified orindiscriminate information inembedded lists. Please helpclean up the lists by removing items or incorporating them into the text of the article.(March 2024) |
The Federal University of Agriculture and Technology Okeho was approved in 2025 also in Oyo state.
These include:
Other major roads include:
Ibadan is a major terminus on theWestern Railway from Lagos to Kano (1899) on the 1067 mm (3ˈ6")Cape Gauge, with a new 1435 mm (4ˈ8½")standard gauge line from Lagos to Ibadan opened 2021.
Ibadan Airport has services to Abuja and Lagos by Air Peace and Overland Airways.
| Commissioner/Officer | Ministry/Office |
|---|---|
| Oluwaseyi Makinde | Governor |
| Bayo Lawal | Deputy Governor |
| Adebo Ogundoyin | Speaker of the State House of Assembly |
| Olubamiwo Adeosun | Secretary to the State Government |
| Hon. Segun Ogunwuyi | Chief of Staff |
| Akinola Ojo | Commissioner for Finance |
| Hon. Temilolu Ashamu | Commissioner for Energy & Mineral Resources |
| Amidat O. Agboola | Head of Service |
| Chief Obafemi Ademola Ojo | Commissioner for Local Government & Chieftaincy Affairs |
| Oyelowo Oyewo | Attorney-General & Commissioner for Justice |
Agriculture is the main occupation of the people of Oyo State. The climate in the state favours the cultivation of crops likemaize,yam,cassava,millet,rice,plantains,cocoa,palm produce,cashew etc. There are a number of government farm settlements in Iseyin/Ipapo, Ilora,Eruwa,Ogbomosho, Iresaadu, Ijaiye, Akufo andLalupon. There is abundance of clay,kaolin and aquamarine. There are also vast cattle ranches at Saki, Fasola and Ibadan, a dairy farm at Monatan in Ibadan and the statewide Oyo State Agricultural Development Programme with headquarters at Saki. A number of international and federal agricultural establishments are located in the state.[citation needed]
Oyo State consists of 33Local Government Areas.[81] They are:
The state government is led by a democratical elected governor who works closely with members of the state's house of assembly. The capital city of the state isIbadan.[84]
The governor of each state is selected using a modified two-round system. To be elected in the first round, a candidate must receive the plurality of the vote and over 25% of the vote in at least two -third of the State local government Areas. If no candidate passes threshold, a second round will be held between the top candidate and the next candidate to have received a plurality of votes in the highest number of local government Areas.[85]
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link){{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link){{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link)
Places adjacent to Oyo State | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Geographic | |
| People | |
| Other | |
