Owen Bradley | |
|---|---|
| Born | William Owen Bradley (1915-10-21)October 21, 1915 Westmoreland, Tennessee, U.S. |
| Died | January 7, 1998(1998-01-07) (aged 82) Nashville, Tennessee, U.S. |
| Genres | Country |
| Occupations |
|
| Instrument | Piano |
| Years active | 1935–1980 |
| Labels | Decca Records |
| Formerly of | |
William Owen Bradley (October 21, 1915 – January 7, 1998) was an American musician, bandleader andrecord producer who, along withChet Atkins,Bob Ferguson,Bill Porter, andDon Law, was a chief architect of the 1950s and 60sNashville sound incountry music androckabilly.[1]
Bradley started with piano at a young age, and began performing professionally as a teenager. At age 20, he joinedWSM (AM) as an arranger and musician, and by 1942 had become the station's musical director. At the same time, Bradley led a dance band that enjoyed popularity in local society circles.
In 1947, Bradley was hired by the head ofDecca Records'country music division,Paul Cohen, to assist with recording sessions and later establish the label's operations in Nashville. In 1954, Bradley establishedBradley Studios, later commonly known as the Quonset Hut Studio, which was the first music industry-related business in what is now known asMusic Row,[2] and helping establish Nashville as arecording industry center.[3]
In 1958, Bradley became vice president of Decca's Nashville division. This period marked the beginning of theNashville sound, a movement that aimed to broaden country music's appeal by incorporating pop elements. Bradley's work extended to producing records for artists likePatsy Cline andLoretta Lynn, playing a key role in their career successes.
Bradley sold Bradley Studios to Columbia Records in 1962, and two years later establishedBradley's Barn, a new recording studio that continued to attract a range of recording artists. He was inducted into theCountry Music Hall of Fame in 1974, reflecting his impact on the industry. Bradley's later years saw him working on selected projects, includingk.d. lang'sShadowland album.
Bradley's contributions have been recognized with various honors, including the dedication of a public park and a bronze likeness in Nashville. His legacy in the music industry is marked by his role in shaping the Nashville sound and influence on several generations of musicians.
Bradley was born inWestmoreland, Tennessee on October 21, 1915,[4] and grew up inNashville, Tennessee . His father was Vernon Bradley, and his mother was Letha Maie Owen. By the time he was fifteen he had learned to play several instruments and was playing piano in localnightclubs androadhouses.[5]
In 1935 at the age of 20, Bradley got a job atradio stationWSM, home of theGrand Ole Opry, where he worked as a musician andarranger.[4] In 1942, he became WSM's musical director, and was also the leader of a sought-afterdance band that played society parties all over Nashville. That same year Bradley co-wroteRoy Acuff's hit "Night Train to Memphis". His involvement with his dance band continued until 1964, though in the intervening decades, his work as a producer would far overshadow his career as a performer and band leader.[6]
In 1947, Bradley was hired by the head ofDecca Records'country music division,Paul Cohen. Bradley worked as amusic arranger andsongwriter during theCastle Studio recording sessions of some of the biggest talents of the day, includingErnest Tubb,Burl Ives,Red Foley andKitty Wells.[4] He produced both Foley's 1950 hit "Chattanoogie Shoe Shine Boy" and Wells' 1952 hit "It Wasn't God Who Made Honky Tonk Angels", along with hits byBill Monroe andWebb Pierce. Noting Bradley's studio skills, Cohen later utilized Bradley to open Decca's Nashville offices.[7]
In the early 1950s, Owen and his brotherHarold, seeking to capitalize on the rising popularity oftelevision, experimented with assembling a production studio, eventually establishing a studio near 21st Avenue South in the Hillsborough Village area, where they producedindustrial films forGenesco and others.[8] When Cohen told Bradley that he was considering moving Decca's country headquarters toDallas, whereJim Beck had a recording studio, Bradley offered to build a new Nashville studio.
In 1954, Bradley and his brother purchased a house at 804 16th Avenue South in Nashville[9] for $7500[10] and remodeled it to create Music City Recording, the first recording studio in what would becomeMusic Row. They bought anArmy surplusQuonset hut and attached it to the back of the house to use as asound stage for filming musical performances,[11] and changed the studios' name toBradleys' Film & Recording Studios in 1957, though it was commonly referred to as the "Quonset hut studio." The Bradleys produced severalCountry Style, USA film programs in the Quonset hut studio, but the demand for recording music in the Quonset hut (which was much larger than the house's basement studio) eventually overtook the Bradley's film production business,[10]
Bradley's studio was an instant success, recording hits by several Decca artists as well as hits forCapitol,Columbia,MGM, and other record labels.[7] The studios' success spurredRCA Victor to build itsRCA Studio B,[12] and a handful of other record labels andmusic publishers soon followed, setting up shop on what would eventually become known asMusic Row.[4]
In 1958, Bradley succeeded Cohen as head of Decca's Nashville division,[13] and began pioneering what would become the "Nashville Sound".
Country music had long been looked on as unsophisticated and folksy, and was largely confined to listeners in the less affluent small towns of the AmericanSouth andAppalachia. In the late 1950s, Bradley's home base of Nashville was positioning itself to be a center of the recording industry, and not just the traditional home of theGrand Ole Opry. Developed with the contributions of Owen Bradley's crew of hand-picked musicians, includingHarold Bradley,Grady Martin,Bob Moore,Hank Garland andBuddy Harman, known collectively as Nashville's "A-Team".[14] The success of Bradley and his contemporaries infused hokey melodies with more refined lyrics, and blended them with a refinedpop music sensibility to create the "Nashville Sound", known later as "countrypolitan". Light,easy listeningpiano (as popularized byFloyd Cramer) replaced the clinkyhonky-tonk piano (ironically, one of the artists Bradley would record in the 1950s was honky tonk blues singer pianist,Moon Mullican - the Mullican sessions produced by Bradley were experimental in that they merged Moon's original blues style with the emerging Nashville Sound stylings).[citation needed] Lushstring sections took the place of the mountainfiddle sound;steel guitars and smooth backing vocals rounded out the mix.[4]
Regarding the Nashville sound, Bradley stated, "Now we've cut out the fiddle and steel guitar and added choruses to country music. But it can't stop there. It always has to keep developing to keep fresh."[15]
The singers Bradley produced made unprecedented headway into radio,[4] and artists such asKitty Wells,Patsy Cline,Brenda Lee,Loretta Lynn,Lenny Dee, andConway Twitty became household names. Rock and Roll singers such asBuddy Holly[16] andGene Vincent also recorded with Bradley in his Nashville studio.[17] Bradley often tried to reinvent older country hitmakers; as previously mentioned, he tried to update Moon Mullican's sound and produced one of Moon's best performances "Early Morning Blues" where the blues and the Nashville sound complement each other surprisingly well.[citation needed] Also, he producedBill Monroe in both bluegrass and decidedly non-bluegrass settings (Monroe's covers ofJimmie Rodgers' "Caroline Sunshine Girl" and Moon Mullican's "Mighty Pretty Waltz", for example, feature a standard country band rather than bluegrass). Many older artists recognized they needed to change as they saw former pure honky tonk singer,Jim Reeves, blend his own style with the newer styles with great success. However, not everyone was as successful as Reeves or Patsy Cline in these transformations. In addition to his production, Bradley released a handful of instrumentals under his own name, including the minor 1958 hit "Big Guitar".
Bradley sold The Quonset Hut Studio toColumbia Records and bought a farm outside of Nashville inMount Juliet, Tennessee in 1961, converting a barn into a demo studio which he named Bradley's Barn.[4] Within a few years, Bradley's Barn became a popular recording venue in country music circles.[4] TheBeau Brummels paid tribute to the studio, through titling their 1968 albumBradley's Barn.[4] The studio burned to the ground in 1980, but Bradley rebuilt it within a few years in the same location.
Owen Bradley was inducted in 1974 to theCountry Music Hall of Fame.[4] He also achieved the distinction of having produced records for more fellow Hall of Fame members (six) than anyone else exceptPaul Cohen who produced nine. He retired from production in the early 1980s, but continued to work on selected projects.
Canadian artistk.d. lang chose Bradley to produce her acclaimed 1988 album,Shadowland.[4] He died on January 7, 1998, in Nashville.[18] At the time of his death, he and Harold were producing the albumI've Got A Right To Cry forMandy Barnett, who is best known for her portrayal of Patsy Cline in the original Nashville production of the stage play,Always... Patsy Cline.[19]
His production of Cline's hits such as "Crazy", "I Fall to Pieces" and "Walkin' After Midnight" remain standards of the country music genre.[20] It is his work with Cline and Loretta Lynn for which he is best known, and when thebiopicsCoal Miner's Daughter andSweet Dreams were filmed, Bradley was chosen to direct their soundtracks.
In 1997, the Metro Parks Authority in Nashville dedicated a small public park between 16th Avenue South and Division Street to Owen Bradley, where his bronze likeness sits at a bronze piano. Owen Bradley Park is at the northern end ofMusic Row. Bradley also has a section of roadway named after him where Bradley's Barn once stood inMt. Juliet, Tennessee, on Benders Ferry Road.
Bradley was inducted into theMusicians Hall of Fame and Museum upon receiving the 2019 Producer Award.
Owen Bradley is part of what is known as "The First Family of Music Row."[21][22] His younger brother and business partnerHarold Bradley became one of the world's most recordedsession guitarists, and served as longtime president of the Nashville chapter of theAmerican Federation of Musicians.[22]
Owen's daughter Patsy worked over 40 years withBMI, eventually as assistant vice president of writer/publisher administration. His sonJerry worked for his Forest Hills Musicmusic publishing company before becoming head of RCA Records' Nashville office in 1973, succeeding Chet Atkins. In his later career, he was head of the Opryland Music Group during its return to prominence followingGaylord Entertainment's acquisition of theAcuff-Rose Music catalog.[21] Jerry's wife, Connie Bradley, worked withASCAP's Nashville office for more than 30 years beginning in the mid-1970s, eventually as Senior Vice President.[21][22] Jerry’s son, Clay Bradley, currently serves as the Vice President of Creative at BMI (Variety, 2020) (Source). His two grandchildren, John Owen Bradley and Lillian Grace Bradley, work in the music industry and have reopened Bradley’s Barn as of 2025. (MusicRow, 2024;MusicRow, 2025) (Source 1, Source 2).
