InFrance, anoverseas collectivity (French:collectivité d'outre-mer, abbreviated asCOM) is a first-orderadministrative division, on the same level asits regions, but have a semi-autonomous status. The COMs include some former Frenchoverseas colonies and other overseas entities with a particular status, all of which became COMs byconstitutional reform on 28 March 2003. The COMs differ fromoverseas regions and overseas departments, which have the same status asmetropolitan France but are located outside Europe.As integral parts of France, overseas collectivities are represented in theNational Assembly,Senate andEconomic and Social Council. Though some are outside theEuropean Union, all can vote to elect members of theEuropean Parliament (MEPs). (All of France became one multi-member EU constituency in 2019.) The Pacific COMs use theCFP franc, a currencypegged to the euro, whereas the Atlantic COMs use theeuro itself. As of 31 March 2011, there were five COMs:
French Polynesia became a COM in 2003. Its statutory law of 27 February 2004 gives it the designation ofoverseas country inside the Republic (French:pays d'outre-mer au sein de la République, or POM), but without legal modification of its status. French Polynesia has a great degree of autonomy, two symbolic manifestations of which are the title of thePresident of French Polynesia (Le président de la Polynésie française) and its additional designation as apays d'outre-mer. The legislature is theAssembly of French Polynesia since 2004.
Saint Martin, the northern part of the island ofSaint Martin in theLesser Antilles. St. Martin was separated from the overseas department ofGuadeloupe in 2007. It has a territorial council and executive council, and with separation remained a part of the European Union.
New Caledonia was classified as an overseas territory beginning in 1946, but as a result of the 1998Nouméa Accord, it gained aspecial status (statut particulier orstatut original) in 1999. A New Caledonian citizenship was established, and a gradual transfer of power from the French state to New Caledonia itself was begun, which was due to take from fifteen to twenty years. A series of referendums on further reforms have been held since 2018, with voters choosing to remain part of France, despiteunrest.[3]
Table of overseas collectivities andsui generis collectivity