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Outline of Islam

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Abrahamic monotheistic religion
See also:Index of Islamic and Muslim-related articles,Outline of religion § Islam topics, andGlossary of Islam


Part ofa series on
Islam

Islam is anAbrahamicmonotheistic religion teaching that there is onlyone God (Allah)[1] and thatMuhammad isHis lastMessenger.[2][3]

The followingoutline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Islam.

Beliefs

[edit]
Part ofa series on
Aqidah

Including:

Islam portal

Aqidah

[edit]
Main article:Aqidah
Allah
God in Islam
Tawhid, Oneness of God
Repentance in Islam
Islamic views on sin
Shirk, Partnership and Idolatory
Haram
Kufr
Bid‘ah

Sunni /Ibadi /Ahmadiyya

ShiaTwelvers

ShiaIsmaili

Prophets

[edit]
This article is part of
a series about
Muhammad








Scripture

[edit]
Quran
Characteristics
Part ofa series on
Hadith
Kutub Al-Sittah
("The Six Books")
Sahih al-Bukhariصحيح البخاري
Sahih Muslimصحيح مسلم
Sunan Abi Dawudسنن أبي داود
Sunan al-Tirmidhiسنن الترمذي
Sunan al-Nasa'iسنن النسائي
Sunan ibn Majahسنن ابن ماجه
Others
Al-Adab al-Mufrad
Al-Jami al-Kamil
Kanz al-Ummal
Kitab al-Athar
Majma al-Zawa'id
Mu'jam al-Awsat
Mu'jam al-Kabeer
Mu'jam al-Saghir
Musannaf Abd al-Razzaq
Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah
Musnad Abu Awanah
Musnad Abu Hanifa
Musnad Abu Ya'la
Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal
Musnad_al-Bazzar
Musnad al-Shafi'i
Musnad al-Siraj
Musnad al-Firdous
Musnad al-Tayalisi
Musnad Humaidi
Musnad Ishaq ibn Rahwayh
Mustadrak ala al-Sahihayn
Muwatta Imam Malik
Sahih Ibn Hibban
Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah
Sahifah Hammam ibn Munabbih
Shama'il al-Muhammadiyya
Sunan al-Kubra Bayhaqi
Sunan al-Wusta Bayhaqi
Sunan al-Daraqutni
Sunan al-Darimi
Sunan Nasa'i al-Kubra
Sunan Sa'id ibn Mansur
Shu'ab al-Iman
Tahdhib al-Athar
Targhib wal Tarhib
Islam portalCategory
1–20
21–40
41–60
61–80
81–100
101–114
Types
People and things in theQuran
Non-humans
Animals
Related
Non-related
Malāʾikah (Angels)
Muqarrabun
Jinn (Genies)
Shayāṭīn (Demons)
Others
Mentioned
Ulul-ʿAzm
('Those of the
Perseverance
and Strong Will')
Debatable ones
Implied
People of Prophets
Good ones
People of
Joseph
People of
Aaron and Moses
Evil ones
Implied or
not specified
Groups
Mentioned
Tribes,
ethnicities
or families
Aʿrāb (Arabs
orBedouins)
Ahl al-Bayt
('People of the
Household')
Implicitly
mentioned
Religious
groups
Locations
Mentioned
In the
Arabian Peninsula
(excluding Madyan)
Sinai Region
or Tīh Desert
InMesopotamia
Religious
locations
Implied
Events, incidents, occasions or times
Battles or
military expeditions
Days
Months of the
Islamic calendar
Pilgrimages
  • Al-Ḥajj (literally 'The Pilgrimage', the Greater Pilgrimage)
  • Al-ʿUmrah (The Lesser Pilgrimage)
Times for prayer
or remembrance
Times forDuʿāʾ ('Invocation'),Ṣalāh andDhikr ('Remembrance', includingTaḥmīd ('Praising'),Takbīr andTasbīḥ):
  • Al-ʿAshiyy (The Afternoon or the Night)
  • Al-Ghuduww ('The Mornings')
    • Al-Bukrah ('The Morning')
    • Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ ('The Morning')
  • Al-Layl ('The Night')
  • Aẓ-Ẓuhr ('The Noon')
  • Dulūk ash-Shams ('Decline of the Sun')
    • Al-Masāʾ ('The Evening')
    • Qabl al-Ghurūb ('Before the Setting (of the Sun)')
      • Al-Aṣīl ('The Afternoon')
      • Al-ʿAṣr ('The Afternoon')
  • Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams ('Before the rising of the Sun')
    • Al-Fajr ('The Dawn')
Implied
Other
Holy books
Objects
of people
or beings
Mentioned idols
(cult images)
Of Israelites
Of Noah's people
Of Quraysh
Celestial
bodies
Maṣābīḥ (literally 'lamps'):
  • Al-Qamar (The Moon)
  • Kawākib (Planets)
    • Al-Arḍ (The Earth)
  • Nujūm (Stars)
    • Ash-Shams (The Sun)
Plant matter
  • Baṣal (Onion)
  • Fūm (Garlic or wheat)
  • Shaṭʾ (Shoot)
  • Sūq (Plant stem)
  • Zarʿ (Seed)
  • Fruits
    Bushes, trees
    or plants
    Liquids
    • Māʾ (Water or fluid)
      • Nahr (River)
      • Yamm (River or sea)
    • Sharāb (Drink)
    Note: Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)
    Sunni
    Mu'tazili
    Shi'a
    Ahmadi
    Others

    Denominational specifics

    [edit]
    Part of a series on
    Ali
    Ali

    Practice

    [edit]

    Denominational specifics

    [edit]

    Schools and branches

    [edit]
    Islam by countrySunni Shias Ibadi
    Distribution ofSunni,Shia,Quranist,Ibadi, andNondenominational Muslim branches
    Part ofa series on
    Sunni Islam
    Islam portal
    Part ofa series on:
    Salafi movement

    iconPolitics portal

    Islam portal

    Philosophy

    [edit]

    Theology

    [edit]

    Law

    [edit]
    Part ofa series on
    Islamic jurisprudence
    (fiqh)
    Islamic studies

    Hadith

    [edit]
    Main article
    Hadith
    Important Sunni Hadith
    Kutub al-Sittah
    Sahih al-Bukhari
    Sahih Muslim
    Al-Sunan al-Sughra
    Sunan Abu Dawood
    Jami` at-Tirmidhi
    Sunan ibn Majah
    Important Shia Hadith
    The Four Books
    Kitab al-Kafi
    Man la yahduruhu al-Faqih
    Tahdhib al-Ahkam
    Al-Istibsar
    Hadith Collectors
    Muhammad al-Bukhari
    Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj
    Abu Dawood
    Commentary for Sahih al-Bukhari
    Fath al-Bari
    Related
    Hadith studies
    Hadith terminology

    The supernatural in Islam

    [edit]
    Islamic Concept of God
    God in Islam
    Names of God in Islam
    Allah
    The Light before the Material World
    Nūr (Islam)
    Muhammad in Islam
    Al-Insān al-Kāmil
    Holy Spirit in Islam
    Miracles
    Islamic view of miracles
    Quran and miracles
    Challenge of the Quran
    Miracles of Muhammad
    Saints
    The Angels
    Angels in Islam
    Alam al Jabarut
    Archangel
    Artiya'il
    Azrael
    Cherub
    Darda'il
    Gabriel
    Habib
    Harut and Marut
    Illiyin
    Israfil,Raphael (archangel)
    Jannah
    Kiraman Katibin
    Michael (archangel)
    Mu'aqqibat,Hafaza, The Guardian angels
    Recording angel
    Riḍwan
    Seraph
    Beings and Forces in ordinary life
    Asmodeus
    Barakah
    Al-Baqarah
    Al-Ikhlas
    Al-Mu'awwidhatayn
    Al-Falaq
    Al-Nas
    Adhan
    Throne Verse, also known as Al-Baqara 255 and Ayatul Kursi
    Evil eye
    Hatif
    Hinn (mythology)
    Ifrit
    Jinn
    SuraAl-Jinn
    Exorcism in Islam
    Ful-fillingFard
    Preventing MajorSins
    RemovingHaram objects from body and Home
    Destroying suspicious magical items,Ta'wiz,Talisman,Amulet
    Stop giving information to suspects,Fortune-tellers,Magicians
    Marid
    Magic (paranormal)
    Malakut
    Peri
    Qalb
    Qareen
    Solomon in Islam
    Death and Human spirit
    Barzakh
    Illiyin
    Islamic view of death
    Munkar and Nakir
    Nāzi'āt and Nāshiṭāt
    Nafs
    Rūḥ
    Fallen Angels, Devils and Hell
    As-Sirāt
    Azazil
    Dajjal
    Div
    Falak (Arabian legend)
    Fallen angel
    Iblis
    Jahannam
    Maalik
    Nar as Samum
    Shaitan
    Sijjin
    Zabaniyya
    Zaqqum

    Islamic Legends

    [edit]
    Adam in Islam
    Akhirah
    Al-Safa and Al-Marwah
    Azazel
    Azrael
    Barzakh
    Beast of the Earth
    Biblical and Quranic narratives
    Biblical figures in Islamic tradition
    Black Standard
    Black Stone
    Cain and Abel in Islam
    Crescent
    Darda'il
    Devil (Islam)
    Dhul-Qarnayn
    Dome of the Rock
    Foundation Stone
    Gabriel
    Gog and Magog
    Green in Islam
    Hafaza
    Hajj
    Harut and Marut
    Hateem
    Holy Spirit (Islam)
    Ishmael in Islam
    Islamic eschatology
    Islamic flags
    Islamic view of angels
    Islamic view of Jesus' death
    Isra and Mi'raj
    Israfil
    Jahannam
    Jannah
    Jesus in Ahmadiyya Islam
    Jesus in Islam
    Kaaba
    Khidr
    Kiraman Katibin
    Kiswah
    Maalik
    Mahdi
    Mary in Islam
    Masih ad-Dajjal
    Michael (archangel)
    Moses in Islam
    Mu'aqqibat
    Munkar and Nakir
    Noah in Islam
    Queen of Sheba
    Raphael (archangel)
    Recording angel
    Ridwan (name)
    Rub el Hizb
    Sarah
    Satan
    Solomon in Islam
    Star and crescent
    Symbols of Islam
    Tawaf
    The Occultation
    Well of Souls
    Zamzam Well
    Zaqqum

    History

    [edit]
    Timeline of 6th-century Muslim history
    Timeline of 7th-century Muslim history
    Timeline of 8th-century Muslim history
    Timeline of 9th-century Muslim history
    Timeline of 10th-century Muslim history
    Timeline of 11th-century Muslim history
    Timeline of 12th-century Muslim history
    Timeline of 13th-century Muslim history
    Timeline of 14th-century Muslim history
    Timeline of 15th-century Muslim history
    Timeline of 16th-century Muslim history
    Timeline of 17th-century Muslim history
    Timeline of 18th-century Muslim history
    Timeline of 19th-century Muslim history
    Timeline of 20th-century Muslim history
    Timeline of 21st-century Muslim history

    History of Islam by topic

    [edit]

    Society

    [edit]
    Today
    (atUTC+00)
    Thursday
    Gregorian calendar27 November,AD2025
    Islamic calendar6Jumada al-thani,AH 1447
    (usingtabular method)
    Hebrew calendar7Kislev,AM 5786
    Coptic calendar18Hathor,AM 1742
    Solar Hijri calendar6Azar, SH 1404
    Bengali calendar12Ogrohayon,BS 1432
    Julian calendar14 November,AD 2025
    Months of theIslamic calendar (AH)

    Places

    [edit]
    Sovereign states
    States with limited
    recognition
    Dependencies and
    other territories
    Sovereign states
    States with
    limited recognition
    Dependencies and
    other territories
    Sovereign states
    States with limited
    recognition
    Dependencies and
    other entities
    Sovereign states
    Associated states
    of New Zealand
    Dependencies
    and other territories
    Sovereign states
    Dependencies and
    other territories
    Sovereign states
    Dependencies and
    other territories


    Culture

    [edit]
    Architecture
    Regional styles
    Elements
    Arts
    Periods and regional styles
    Carpets
    Pottery
    Textiles
    Woodwork
    Other media
    Arts of
    the book
    Miniatures
    Calligraphy
    Other arts
    Decoration
    The garden
    Museums,
    collections
    Exhibitions
    Principles,
    influences
    Styles
    Early
    Elements
    Materials
    Arches
    Roofs
    Religious
    objects
    Decorations
    Rooms
    Gardens
    Outdoor
    objects
    Passive
    cooling
    Types
    Religious
    Civilian
    Military
    Resources
    Influences
    Styles
    Arabic
    Ottoman
    Persian
    Others
    Basmalah
    Objects
    Calligraphers
    • Tools
    • Techniques
    Organizations
    Influences
    Africa
    Asia
    South
    South
    East
    West
    Europe
    North
    America
    Oceania
    Virtual

    Politics

    [edit]
    Outline
    Concepts
    Movements
    Socio-political
    Political parties
    Related
    Political leaders
    Movements
    Scholastic
    Political
    Major figures
    Related
    Ideology
    Movements
    Major figures
    Related
    Other topics
    Texts
    Historical
    events
    Influences
    by region
    Related topics

    Muslim world

    [edit]
    The Muslim population of the world map by percentage of each country, according to thePew Forum (assessed on 29 June 2014).
    Islam by country
    World percentage ofMuslims by country
    Islam portal

    People

    [edit]

    Key religious figures

    [edit]
    Prophets and messengers in the Qur'an
    NameProphetMessengerUlul'AzmBookSent toLaw (Sharia)Judeo-Christian EquivalentChronological Order
    Harun[4]Aaron15
    Ibrahim[5][6][7]Scrolls of Abraham[8]The people of Ibrahim[9][10]Abraham6
    Adam/Aadam[11]Adam1
    Da'ud[12]Zabur (Psalms)[13]David17
    Ilias[12][14]The people of Elias[15]Elijah19
    Alyasa[12]Elisha20
    Idris[16]Enoch2
    Dhul-Kifl[17]Ezekiel16
    Hud[18][18]ʿĀd[19]Eber4
    Is'haq[20]Isaac9
    Isma'il[21][21]Ishmael8
    Yaqub[20]Jacob10
    Shuaib[22][22]Midian[23]Jethro13
    Isa[24][25][26][27]Injil (Gospel)[28]The people of Israel[29][10]Jesus24
    Ayyub[30]Job12
    Yahya[31]John the Baptist23
    Yusuf[30][32]Joseph11
    Younis[12][33]The people of Younis[34]Jonah21
    Lut[35][36]The people of Lot[37]Lot7
    Nuh[12][38][26][27]The people of Noah[39][10]Noah3
    Muhammad[40][41][42][7]Quran[43]Whole Mankind and Jinn[44][10]25
    Musa[45][45][26][27]Tawrah (Torah)[46]Pharaoh and his establishment[47][10]Moses14
    Salih[48][48]Thamud[49]Salah5
    Sulaiman[12]Solomon18
    Zakariyyah[12]Zechariah22

    Muhammad

    [edit]
    Relatives
    Parents
    Foster parents
    Foster brothers and sisters
    Wives
    Descendants
    Children
    Grandchildren
    Miracles
    Events
    People
    Related topics
    Related things
    Books
    Hadith
    Books about
    Sirat-un-Nabi
    Durood
    Places
    Cities
    Symbolic
    Mosques

    Sahabah

    [edit]
    Ashara e mubashra
    Hadith of the ten promised paradise
    Abu Bakr
    Umar
    Uthman ibn Affan
    Ali
    Talhah
    Az-Zubair
    Abdur Rahman bin Awf
    Sa'd bin Abi Waqqas
    Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah
    Sa'id ibn Zayd
    Most hadith narrating sahabah
    Abu Hurairah
    Abdullah Ibn Umar
    Anas ibn Malik
    Aisha
    Abd Allah ibn Abbas
    Jabir ibn Abd Allah
    Abu Sa‘id al-Khudri
    Abdullah ibn Masud
    'Abd Allah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'As
    Umar
    [edit]
    Uthman
    [edit]


    Denominational specifics

    [edit]

    Sunni Islam

    [edit]
    • List of Sunni Islamic scholars by schools of jurisprudence
    2nd/8th
    3rd/9th
    4th/10th
    5th/11th
    6th/12th
    7th/13th
    8th/14th
    9th/15th
    10th/16th
    11th/17th
    12th/18th
    13th/19th
    14th/20th
    15th/21st
    Scholars of other Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence
    2nd/8th
    3rd/9th
    4th/10th
    5th/11th
    6th/12th
    7th/13th
    8th/14th
    9th/15th
    10th/16th
    11th/17th
    12th/18th
    13th/19th
    14th/20th
    Barelvi
    Deobandi
    15th/21st
  • Israr Ahmed (1932–2010)
  • Marghubur Rahman (1914–2010)
  • Abu Saeed Muhammad Omar Ali (1945–2010)
  • Naseer Ahmad Khan Bulandshahri (1918–2010)
  • Zafeeruddin Miftahi (1926–2011)
  • Azizul Haque (1919–2012)
  • Abdus Sattar Akon (1929–2012)
  • Shah Saeed Ahmed Raipuri (1926–2012)
  • Fazlul Haque Amini (1945–2012)
  • Wahbi Sulayman Ghawji (1923–2013)
  • Muhammad Fazal Karim (1954–2013)
  • Qazi Mu'tasim Billah (1933–2013)
  • Zubairul Hasan Kandhlawi (1950–2014)
  • Nurul Islam Farooqi (1959–2014)
  • Ahmad Naruyi (1963–2014)
  • Asad Muhammad Saeed as-Sagharji (d. 2015)
  • Abdur Rahman (scholar) (1920–2015)
  • Abdul Majeed Ludhianvi (1935–2015)
  • Abdullah Quraishi Al-Azhari (1935–2015)
  • Sibtain Raza Khan (1927–2015)
  • Muhiuddin Khan (1935–2016)
  • Abdul Jabbar Jahanabadi (1937–2016)
  • Shah Turab-ul-Haq (1944–2016)
  • Saleemullah Khan (1921–2017)
  • Yunus Jaunpuri (1937–2017)
  • Alauddin Siddiqui (1938–2017)
  • Muhammad Abdul Wahhab (1923–2018)
  • Salim Qasmi (1926–2018)
  • Akhtar Raza Khan (1943–2018)
  • Iftikhar-ul-Hasan Kandhlawi (1922–2019)
  • Yusuf Motala (1946–2019)
  • Ghulam Nabi Kashmiri (1965–2019)
  • Khalid Mahmud (1925–2020)
  • Abdul Haleem Chishti (1929–2020)
  • Tafazzul Haque Habiganji (1938–2020)
  • Muhammad Abdus Sobhan (1936–2020)
  • Abdul Momin Imambari (1930–2020)
  • Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri (1940–2020)
  • Salman Mazahiri (1946–2020)
  • Shah Ahmad Shafi (1945–2020)
  • Adil Khan (1957–2020)
  • Khadim Hussain Rizvi (1966–2020)
  • Nur Hossain Kasemi (1945–2020)
  • Azizur Rahman Hazarvi (1948–2020)
  • Nizamuddin Asir Adrawi (1926–2021)
  • Muhammad Ali al-Sabuni (1930–2021)
  • Muhammad Wakkas (1952–2021)
  • Noor Alam Khalil Amini (1952–2021)
  • Usman Mansoorpuri (1944–2021)
  • Junaid Babunagari (1953–2021)
  • Wali Rahmani (1943–2021)
  • Ebrahim Desai (1963–2021)
  • Abdus Salam Chatgami (1943–2021)
  • Abdur Razzaq Iskander (1935–2021)
  • Nurul Islam Jihadi (1916–2021)
  • Faizul Waheed (1964–2021)
  • Wahiduddin Khan (1925–2021)
  • AbdulWahid Rigi (d. 2022)
  • Abdul Halim Bukhari (1945–2022)
  • Rafi Usmani (1936–2022)
  • Delwar Hossain Sayeedi (1940–2023)
  • Yahya Alampuri (1947–2020)
  • Shahidul Islam (1960–2023)
  • Living
    Scholars of other Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence
    3rd/9th
    4th/10th
    5th/11th
    6th/12th
    7th/13th
    8th/14th
    11th/17th
    12th/18th
    Scholars of other Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence
    2nd/8th
    3rd/9th
    4th/10th
    5th/11th
    6th/12th
    7th/13th
    8th/14th
    9th/15th
    10th/16th
    11th/17th
    13th/19th
    14th/20th
    15th/21st
    Scholars of other Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence
    Medieval
    Contemporary
    Scholars of other Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence


    Deobandi
    [edit]
    Barelvi
    [edit]

    Shia Islam

    [edit]
    Companions ofAli
    List ofAli al-Sajjad's companions
    • List of Shia Imams
    Twelver
    Hafizi
    Tayyibi
    Nizari
    (Qasim-Shahi)
    1. Ali
    2. Husayn ibn Ali
    3. Ali al-Sajjad
    4. Muhammad al-Baqir
    5. Ja'far al-Sadiq
    6. Isma'il ibn Ja'far
    7. Muhammad ibn Isma'il
    8. Abdallah(Wafi Ahmad)
    9. Ahmad(Taqi Muhammad)
    10. Husayn(Radhi Abdallah)
    11. Abdallah al-Mahdi#
    12. al-Qa'im#
    13. Isma'il al-Mansur#
    14. Ma'ad al-Mu'izz#
    15. Nizar al-Aziz#
    16. Mansur al-Hakim#
    17. Ali al-Zahir#
    18. Ma'ad al-Mustansir#
    19. Nizar
    20. Ali al-Hadi
    21. Muhammad (I) al-Muhtadi
    22. Hasan (I) al-Qahir
    23. Hasan II
    24. Nur al-Din Muhammad II
    25. Jalal al-Din Hasan III
    26. Ala al-Din Muhammad III
    27. Rukn al-Din Khurshah
    28. Shams al-Din Muhammad
    29. Qasim Shah
    30. Islam Shah
    31. Muhammad ibn Islam Shah
    32. Ali Shah (al-Mustansir Billah II)
    33. Abd al-Salam Shah
    34. Gharib Mirza (al-Mustansir Billah III)
    35. Abu Dharr Ali
    36. Murad Mirza
    37. Khalil Allah I (Dhu'l-Faqar Ali)
    38. Nur al-Dahr Ali
    39. Khalil Allah II Ali
    40. Shah Nizar II
    41. Sayyid Ali
    42. Sayyid Hasan Ali
    43. Qasim Ali
    44. Abu'l-Hasan Ali
    45. Shah Khalil Allah III
    46. Aga Khan I
    47. Aga Khan II
    48. Aga Khan III
    49. Aga Khan IV
    50. Aga Khan V
    Nizari
    (Mu'mini)
    Imami Twelver
    [edit]
    The Fourteen Infallibles
    Imami Ismailism
    [edit]
    Alevism
    [edit]

    Key figures

    Islamism

    [edit]

    Key ideologues

    Modernist Salafism

    [edit]

    Salafi movement

    [edit]

    Sufism

    [edit]

    List of Muslims by topic

    [edit]

    Historical

    [edit]
    Caliphs ofBaghdad
    (749–1258)
    Caliphs ofCairo
    (1261–1517)
    [B] indicates ephemeral caliphs recognized in the city of Baghdad only
  • List of honored women in Islam
  • Islamic honored women
    Generations ofAdam
    Generations ofIbrāhīm and his sons
    Generation ofMūsa
    Reign of Kings
    House ofImran
    Time ofMuhammad
    • List of Ayyubid sultans and emirs
    Sultans ofEgypt (1171–1250)
    Emirs ofDamascus (1174–1260)
    Emirs ofAleppo (1177–1260)
    Emirs ofHoms (1175–1262)
    Emirs ofHama (1175–1341)
    Emirs ofDiyar Bakr (1180–1260)
    Emirs ofYemen and Hejaz (1173–1228)
    Emirs ofBaalbek (1175–1260)
    • List of Mamluk sultans
    Salihi Mamluks
    Flag used by the Mamluk Sultanate according to the 1375 Catalan Atlas

    Flag used by the Mamluk Sultanate according to the 1375 Catalan Atlas
    Bahri dynasty
    Burji dynasty
    • List of Ghaznavid sultans
    • Grand Viziers of the Safavid Empire
    • Viziers of the Samanid Empire
    Viziers of theSamanid Empire(819–999)
    Coat of arms of the Ottoman Empire

    Denominational / religious-related occupational

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    Professional

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    See also

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^quran.com,Quran Surah Al-Baqara ( Verse 255 )
    2. ^John L. Esposito (2009). "Islam. Overview". In John L. Esposito (ed.).The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001.ISBN 9780195305135.Profession of Faith [...] affirms Islam's absolute monotheism and acceptance of Muḥammad as the messenger of God, the last and final prophet.
    3. ^F. E. Peters (2009). "Allāh". In John L. Esposito (ed.).The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001.ISBN 9780195305135.the Muslims' understanding of Allāh is based [...] on the Qurʿān's public witness. Allāh is Unique, the Creator, Sovereign, and Judge of humankind. It is Allāh who directs the universe through his direct action on nature and who has guided human history through his prophets, Abraham, with whom he made his covenant, Moses, Jesus, and Muḥammad, through all of whom he founded his chosen communities, the "Peoples of the Book."
    4. ^Quran 19:53
    5. ^Quran 19:41
    6. ^Quran 9:70
    7. ^abQuran 2:124
    8. ^Quran 87:19
    9. ^Quran 22:43
    10. ^abcdeQuran 42:13
    11. ^Quran 2:31
    12. ^abcdefgQuran 6:89
    13. ^Quran 17:55
    14. ^Quran 37:123
    15. ^Quran 37:124
    16. ^Quran 19:56
    17. ^Quran 21:85–86
    18. ^abQuran 26:125
    19. ^Quran 7:65
    20. ^abQuran 19:49
    21. ^abQuran 19:54
    22. ^abQuran 26:178
    23. ^Quran 7:85
    24. ^Quran 19:30
    25. ^Quran 4:171
    26. ^abcQuran 46:35
    27. ^abcQuran 33:7
    28. ^Quran 57:27
    29. ^Quran 61:6
    30. ^abQuran 4:89
    31. ^Quran 3:39
    32. ^Quran 40:34
    33. ^Quran 37:139
    34. ^Quran 10:98
    35. ^Quran 6:86
    36. ^Quran 37:133
    37. ^Quran 7:80
    38. ^Quran 26:107
    39. ^Quran 26:105
    40. ^Page 50 "As early as Ibn Ishaq (85–151 AH) the biographer of Muhammad, the Muslims identified the Paraclete – referred to in John's ... "to give his followers another Paraclete that may be with them forever" is none other than Muhammad."
    41. ^Quran 33:40
    42. ^Quran 33:40
    43. ^Quran 42:7
    44. ^Quran 7:158
    45. ^abQuran 19:51
    46. ^Quran 53:36
    47. ^Quran 43:46
    48. ^abQuran 26:143
    49. ^Quran 7:73


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