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OUTtv (Canadian TV channel)

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(Redirected fromOutTV (Canadian TV channel))
Canadian LGBT specialty television channel
"OutTV" redirects here. For the Netherlands-based television channel, seeOutTV (European TV channel).

Television channel
OUTtv
CountryCanada
Broadcast areaNationwide
HeadquartersVancouver, British Columbia
Programming
LanguageEnglish
Picture format1080iHDTV
Ownership
OwnerOUTtv Media Global Inc.
Key peopleBrad Danks, CEO
History
LaunchedSeptember 7, 2001; 24 years ago (2001-09-07)
Former names
  • PrideVision TV (2001–2004)
  • HARD on PrideVision (2004–2005)
Links
Websiteouttvglobal.com

OUTtv is aCanadian English languagespeciality channel andstreaming network that was launched in September 2001. The brand focuses on general entertainment and lifestyle programming serving Canadian and internationalLGBT+ communities.[1]

The network is owned by OUTtv Media Global Inc., majority owned (51%) by Ronald N. Stern through OM Acquisitions.

History

[edit]

As PrideVision

[edit]
Logo as PrideVision TV used from 2001 to 2004.

The channel was launched on September 7, 2001 asPrideVision TV. Owned byHeadline Media Group, it was Canada's first 24-hour cable television channel targeted at LGBT audiences.[2] It was also the second LGBT-focused channel to be established in the world, after theGay Cable Network in the U.S., which shut down in 2001. PrideVision TV was one of 21 digital specialty services that were granted aCategory 1 license by theCanadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) on November 24, 2000; all digital cable and direct-broadcast satellite providers would be obliged to carry the network in their lineup. Headline Media Group owned 70.1% of the licence, whileAlliance Atlantis owned the remaining interest.[3] In February 2001, before the channel was launched, Alliance Atlantis sold its entire interest in the licence to Headline Media Group, which became the sole owner of the licence.[4]

The network launched with a lineup of lifestyle and general entertainment programming, consisting of dramas, comedies, feature films, documentaries and talk shows during the day and in prime time, as well aspornographic films nightly after 12:00 a.m.Eastern Time.

As PrideVision, the channel maintained a national advisory committee to provide input and feedback on the station's programming and its effectiveness at serving LGBT communities.[5] The committee included businessman and activistJim Deva,Outlooks publisher Roy Heale,Egale Canada executive director John Fisher, Suzanne Girard ofDivers/Cité, Carmela Laurignano ofEvanov Communications, Winnipeg mayorGlen Murray, Toronto city councillorKyle Rae,Metropolitan Community Church of Toronto pastorBrent Hawkes, Ruby Hamilton ofPFLAG andHalifax businesswoman Shelley Taylor.[5]

Carriage difficulties

[edit]

PrideVision had considerable difficulty building an audience in its early years, due primarily to its pornographic programming: the network did not have atimeshift channel for the West Coast, which led to PrideVision's adult content airing as early as 9:00 p.m. in thePacific Time Zone. As such, the channel was marketed by many television providers as a standalone,premium service adult channel, rather than in a bundle with other specialty services, considerably reducing the number of potential subscribers. The channel also faced particular resistance fromShaw Cable, the largest cable television provider in Western Canada, which was accused of constraining the availability of PrideVision during the channel's first few months in operation. During a three-month-longfree preview period that was mandated by the CRTC to help launch the slate of new digital specialty channels that had launched at that time, Shaw offered the channel on a "request-only" basis, requiring viewers to go through multiple menus and to call the provider, being charged 1 cent to be able to view PrideVision.[6][7] This process was not required for any other similarly-licensed specialty channel. PrideVision took its concerns to the CRTC, who sided with the network and ordered Shaw to properly offer a free preview of PrideVision to its customers.[8]

Mounting issues with distribution, disputes with television service providers, slow growth among digital channels industry-wide,[9] and criticisms around providing a weak mix of programming[10] all combined to affect PrideVision; it was losing a considerable amount of money. The channel's subscriber base grew much more slowly than expected, with only roughly 20,000 subscribers by the end of 2002[11][12] compared to channels such asIFC, which had over 520,000 subscribers in the same time period.[12] To help grow its subscriber base, PrideVision offered another free preview period to its distributors, and launched an advertising campaign comparing this business situation toimpotency. Many in the gay community interpreted this as the company blaming them for the channel's problems, although the owners denied this.[10] Despite this, PrideVision's subscriptions did increase slowly. In an effort to reduce its losses, staff at PrideVision were cut from 25 to 10,[11] most of its original programming was dropped, and the street-level studio onChurch Street in Toronto was closed in December 2002.[13]

Sale, split, and re-launch as OUTtv

[edit]
Hard on PrideVision logo.

On December 3, 2003, Headline Media Group announced that it was selling a majority interest in PrideVision to 6166954 Canada, Inc., a consortium led by broadcasterWilliam Craig. Craig would own the majority share in the company and act as managing partner, whilePink Triangle Press and various other independent production companies and investors held minority stakes. Headline Media retained a minority stake in the company.[14] The transaction was finalized later in 2004.

In September 2004, 6166954 Canada submitted an application to the CRTC for a new premium service, which would be devoted to gay adult programming.[15] In November, PrideVision expanded its adult programming—now branded with thedouble entendre-tinged monickerHard on PrideVision—into primetime (from 9:00 p.m.—6:00 a.m.Eastern Time), in preparation for the expansion of theblock into a 24-hour service, alongside a non-adult network tentatively named "Glow TV".[16]

In February 2005, it was officially announced that PrideVision would drop its adult programming and re-launch asOUTtv in March 2005, alongside the launch of the standalone Hard on PrideVision channel. Its license was approved on March 4, 2005.[17] Craig explained that the removal of adult programming would make OUTtv more attractive to television providers and improve its distribution, and the narrower focus would allow the two networks to expand their lineups with more programming of interest to the LGBT community.[18]

Logo as OUTtv used from 2005 to 2008.

Hard on PrideVision was expected to launch on April 7, 2005, but the launch was delayed to April 12 due to difficulties gaining carriage. Concurrently with the official launch of Hard, PrideVision was re-branded as OUTtv, with a 24-hour lineup of general entertainment and lifestyle programming. Even with the launch of Hard and the removal of all adult content from the newly renamed OUTtv, the channel was still facing resistance from Shaw Communications and its national satellite television service,Star Choice. Both distributors wanted to continue packaging OUTtv as a standalone premium service rather than a general interest specialty channel, which most other major television providers had done.[19] OUTtv filed a complaint with the CRTC; however, the parties settled their disagreement before the matter was taken to a hearing before the CRTC and had agreed on a packaging deal. A similar deal was made withBell later that year.[20]

Acquisition by Shavick Entertainment

[edit]
Logo used from 2008 to July 1, 2012.

On July 19, 2006,Shavick Entertainment, a film and television producer based inVancouver, British Columbia, announced it would acquire the majority interest in both OUTtv and Hard on PrideVision from William Craig. Shavick also announced plans to rename OUTtv, upgrade the technology infrastructure, and provide a wider variety of programming to the channel. Shavick listed its Hollywood-based partner Regent Studios, owners of American LGBT channelhere!, as a major content provider to the channel.[21]

In 2008, the channel ended its long-standing dispute with Shaw Cable, securing an agreement that would see the channel marketed and distributed in the same package as otherCategory A digital channels.[22]

On December 3, 2009, the CRTC approved an application that would see HardTV sold and spun off into its own company, 4510810 Canada Inc., a company owned by Pink Triangle Press (55%) and Peace Point Entertainment (45%). The transaction closed at a later date.

On May 23, 2012, OUTtv announced that it had passed 1 million subscribers, and would launch ahigh-definition feed on July 2, 2012. Concurrently, the network also introduced a new logo and refreshed on-air branding.[23] The HD simulcast feed was launched on July 2, and the new website was launched on January 17, 2013.

In December 2012, Shavick Entertainment purchased Pink Triangle Press's 24.94% interest and Peace Point Entertainment Group's 15% interest in the channel.[24]

Logo from 2012 to 2021.

Under Shavick's management, the channel has seen significant increases in its subscriber base, going from just 185,000 subscribers when they first purchased the channel[25] to over 1.2 million in 2008. OUTtv would become a partner inWolfe Video's GayDirect, a premium subscription channel for LGBT content on YouTube, during this period.[26] OUTtv's improved ratings have been attributed to domestic airings ofLogo TV'sRuPaul's Drag Race.[27] The channel would also produceaftershow features forDrag Race, withRichard Ryder in character as drag queen Wilma Fingerdoo.[28] OUTtv has also seen ratings success with original drama seriesSex & Violence, created by Canadian film directorThom Fitzgerald.[29]

In 2013, the channel applied to the CRTC to have itsCanadian content commitment reduced from 49 to 35 per cent of revenues.[30] According to chief operations officer Bradley Danks, the library of viable LGBT-themed Canadian programming is limited enough that the channel has sometimes had to rely on repeat airings of programming from other networks, such as the talk shows1 Girl 5 Gays andSteven & Chris, on "not obviously gay" programs such asThe New Addams Family, and on overscheduling multiple airings of the same programming, to meet its licensing obligations.[30]

A nationwide free preview period in March 2014 saw OUTtv achieve fully 300 per cent higher ratings than the same month in the previous year,[27] and led to a rise in new subscriptions in the months following the preview.

Ronald N. Stern acquisition; expansion

[edit]

In November 2016, the CRTC approved the sale of the channel from Shavick Entertainment and the other minority owners to a new company, OM Acquisition. OM is owned and controlled by Ronald N. Stern, who is also president of Stern Partners, a conglomerate whose other holdings include a share in theWinnipeg Free Press. It was revealed through CRTC filings that the new owners intend to purchase additional channels, including international channels, and launch an online streaming service.[31]

Media reports revealed on January 11, 2017, noted that the agreement to purchase the channel closed in December 2016 and that the new owners of OUTtv would shift focus from the specialty channel to itsstreaming service, OUTtvGO, citing positive audience trends for adopting online television services and sagging cable subscription numbers. The television service was expected to close at a later date; however, the company revealed that the channel would remain on the air until at least 2020.[32] The agreement was later modified to include minority owners James Shavick (18%), Bradley Danks (18%), Phillip Webb (11%), and other minority owners at 2%.[33]

In June 2019, OUTtv andBell Media announced that they had co-commissioned a Canadian version ofRuPaul's Drag Race for the network and the Bell-ownedCrave.Canada's Drag Race was announced to be airing on both services, first premiering on Crave on July 2, 2020. As part of the deal, OUTtv and Crave also share Canadian rights to the franchise, airing episodes of the U.S. andBritish version on their platforms day-and-date with their domestic premieres.[34][35][36]

In recent years, the channel has reduced its reliance on acquired library programming and increased its investment in new original content. Initial Canadian-based productions includedCam Boy,Fak Yaass,Group Sext andCall Me Mother.[37] In 2021, OUTtv unveiled a new logo to coincide with the launch of its streaming service in the United States onApple TV.[38] American co-produced shows includedJonny McGovern's talk showHey Qween!,Ginger Minj's cooking showWigs in a Blanket, andThe Boulet Brothers' Dragula.[39]

OUTtv's reality dating seriesFor the Love of DILFS, hosted byStormy Daniels, premiered on January 31, 2023, and received mainstream coverage.[40][41][42][43] Following the success of the series, OUTtv announced a multi-year first-look deal with producer Daddy TV, including a second[44][45] and third season.[46] Expanding on its international complement, OUTtv acquired globalSVOD rights to theBBC competition seriesGlow Up: Britain's Next Make-Up Star in 2024. The network went on to co-finance the show's sixth series[47] and co-commission the seventh.[48]

Programming

[edit]
Main article:List of programs broadcast by OUTtv

OUTtv's programming consists of originally produced LGBTQ+ content (Sew Fierce,Dating Unlocked,Sugar Highs andCall Me Mother), as well domestic and foreign acquisitions.

Original American content that OUTtv produced in association includesFor the Love of DILFS,X-Rated,[49]TheSherry Vine Variety Show,Dr. Jackie, andWillam Belli's courtroom showIconic Justice.

International distribution

[edit]
See also:OutTV (European TV channel) andFuse Media

In mid-2006, OUTtv ventured into its first international market when it reached a deal withSelecTV to distribute the network on its lineup in Australia through a package called CurveTV.[50] The package was poorly promoted and discontinued in early 2007 due to a low number of subscriptions.[51]

OUTtv expanded to Europe on April 4, 2008, with the debut ofa European version of OUTtv in theNetherlands through a licensing agreement with a newly formed Dutch company, OUTtv Media Group. The Dutch channel subsequently launched in several additional countries.[52] The association between the two channels ended with the sale of OUTtv (Canadian TV channel) to OM Acquisition in 2016, and each channel now operates independently.[31] OUTtv has since expanded on its own into the European market; in November 2020, it launched a direct-to-consumer SVOD streaming service known as FROOTtv in the United Kingdom and Ireland,[53] which was rebranded to OUTflix in 2024 coinciding with distribution in Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Finland viaAllente.[54]

OUTtv initially entered the streaming market in 2016 with the OUTtvGo app foriOS,Android andRoku devices in Canada, addingApple TV devices in 2017.[55] Direct-to-consumer (DTC) SVOD service from the OUTtv website launched to Canadian and United States subscribers in 2017;[56] followed by Australia, New Zealand, Mexico, Brazil, Israel, Argentina and Taiwan.[57][58]

OUTtv launched as an Apple TV channel in Canada in 2019, expanding to the United States in March 2021.[38][59] That same year,Amazon Prime Video carried the LGBTQ+ channel in Canada and Australia,[60] bringing it into the United States in May 2023.[61] OUTtv debuted onThe Roku Channel in the United States in June 2022,[62] and subsequently joinedComcast Xfinity andCox Communications as standalone SVOD channels. The LGBT+ streamer launched its OUTtv YouTube video subscription service in the United States onYouTube TV and YouTube Primetime Channels in April 2025.[63]

In 2018, OUTtv expanded to New Zealand as a linear channel through a partnership withTVNZ onTVNZ's OnDemand platform.[64] Prime Video added the OUTtv channel to its New Zealand service in November 2024.[65]

OUTtv launched in South Africa as a month-long experimental pop-up channel, from October 4 to November 4, 2018, on MultiChoice'sDStv platform.[66] In June 2020, OUTtv signed a distribution deal with MultiChoice's streaming serviceShowmax.[67] In March 2023, OUTtv partnered withOpenView HD to broadcast a full-scale linear channel in South Africa.[68]

In November 2022, OUTtv announced the launch of afree ad-supported streaming (FAST) channel called OUTtv Proud, in partnership withFuse Media. The channel first launched onPluto TV in Canada in June 2023, and has since been picked up for distribution in the US on Pluto,Freevee,Xumo,Plex, Rewarded.tv and TCL.[69] In 2024, OUTtv Proud became available in the United Kingdom on Channelbox, Netgem and Plex.[70] OUTflix Proud became the first dedicated LGBTQ+ channel on theFreeview platform in the UK in June 2025.[71]

As part of a planned expansion into Asian markets, a linear version of OUTtv debuted in Taiwan in March 2025 in partnership withChunghwa Telecom on itsCHT MOD platform.[72]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Townsend, Kelly."OUTtv launches SVOD channel in the U.S." Retrieved2024-04-04.
  2. ^"Canada to launch its first gay cable network (5761)". 2023-03-24. Archived fromthe original on 2023-03-24. Retrieved2024-04-04.
  3. ^Decision CRTC 2000-456;CRTC; 2000-12-14
  4. ^Decision CRTC 2001-54;CRTC; 2001-02-09
  5. ^ab"National advisory council to guide PrideVision programming".Broadcaster, February 18, 2002.
  6. ^"Broadcasting Decision CRTC 2001-612". CRTC. 2001-09-28. Retrieved2024-09-09.
  7. ^Gallant, Paul (2001-10-04)."Struggle for your TV set".Xtra!. Archived fromthe original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved2024-09-09.
  8. ^CRTC Rules In Favor Of Gay-themed Channel; AllBusiness.com; 2001-10-02
  9. ^"Digital channels inching towards profits". Playbackonline.ca.
  10. ^abGays Snub PridevisionArchived 2006-05-09 at theWayback Machine; Windy City Times; 2003-04-23
  11. ^ab"PrideVision & prejudice". diversitywatch.ryerson.ca. Archived fromthe original on 2005-12-28. Retrieved2008-08-28.
  12. ^ab"2002-2006 Individual Pay, PPV, VOD, and Specialty Services Financial Records"(PDF). CRTC. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2013-06-01. Retrieved2018-12-03.
  13. ^PrideVision shutters studio; Playback Magazine; 2002-12-19
  14. ^Headline Media Group sells PrideVision to Bill CraigArchived 2008-05-17 at theWayback Machine; Channel Canada; 2003-12-09
  15. ^"Broadcasting Notice of Public Hearing CRTC 2004-6-2". CRTC. 2 September 2004. Retrieved20 August 2014.
  16. ^"PrideVision changing its format in preparation of new adult-only channel".Press release. Archived fromthe original on 28 October 2006. Retrieved20 August 2014.
  17. ^"Broadcasting Decision CRTC 2005-89". CRTC. 4 March 2005. Retrieved20 August 2014.
  18. ^"Pridevision Announces Expansion and the Launch of a New Gay Channel".Press release. Archived fromthe original on 28 October 2006. Retrieved20 August 2014.
  19. ^OUTtv hearing; Playback Magazine; 2005-05-23
  20. ^OUTtv settles with Shaw; Playback Magazine; 2005-08-01
  21. ^"Former B.C. politician new owner of OUTtv | CBC News". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 19 July 2006. Archived fromthe original on 22 July 2025. Retrieved22 July 2025.
  22. ^Gayle MacDonald (15 December 2008)."Shaw moves OUTtv down the dial".The Globe and Mail. Archived fromthe original on 22 July 2025. Retrieved22 July 2025.
  23. ^"OUTtv Launches New Brand Identity".Broadcaster Magazine. 2016. Archived fromthe original on 2016-12-01. Retrieved2025-09-04.
  24. ^Shavick increases stake in OUTtv from 52 to 95%Archived 2013-01-15 atarchive.today Cartt.ca 2012-12-19
  25. ^"The Other Team".BCBusiness. 5 August 2009. Archived fromthe original on 14 February 2024. Retrieved4 September 2025.
  26. ^"Gay-and-lesbian TV channel goes global".The Globe and Mail, May 30, 2013.
  27. ^ab"OUTtv triples AMA ratings during free preview".Media in Canada, June 2, 2014.
  28. ^Cruikshank, Julie (27 March 2013)."Richard Ryder brings his comedy to Ottawa | Xtra Magazine".Xtra Magazine. Retrieved12 April 2024.
  29. ^"More Sex and Violence on OUTtv".Mediacaster Magazine. Business Information Group. Archived from the original on 21 May 2014. Retrieved9 May 2014.
  30. ^ab"Stuck on the gay CanCon TV treadmill".National Post, May 4, 2013.
  31. ^ab"Ownership chart - OUTtv; CRTC Application Number 2016-0958-8; Approved Date 2016-11-25"(PDF).
  32. ^"OUTtv joins the Netflix generation".Daily Xtra, January 11, 2017.
  33. ^Emily Bright (12 January 2017)."New owners, CEO for Canadian LGBT net - TBI Vision".TBI Vision. Archived fromthe original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved29 September 2025.
  34. ^"Crave's Drag Race Canada on starting line".C21media. Retrieved2019-07-02.
  35. ^Ritchie, Kevin (2019-06-27)."A Canadian version of RuPaul's Drag Race is happening".NOW Magazine. Archived fromthe original on May 8, 2020. Retrieved2019-07-02.
  36. ^"These Are 'Canada's Drag Race' Season 1 Queens".out.com. 2020-05-14. Retrieved2020-09-29.
  37. ^Porter, Ryan (25 October 2021)."'Call Me Mother' part of a wave of reality shows with 'RuPaul' alumni being produced by OutTV".Toronto Star. Retrieved12 April 2024.
  38. ^abRamos, Dino-Ray (29 March 2021)."OUTtv Media Group Teams With Producer Entertainment Group Launch First LGBTQ+ Apple TV Channel".Deadline. Retrieved11 April 2021.
  39. ^Franks, Nico."OutTV takes another bite of Dragula".C21media. Retrieved12 April 2024.
  40. ^"Stormy Daniels Helps 'Daddies' and 'Himbos' Find an 'Epic Romance' in For the Love of DILFs".Peoplemag. Retrieved2023-10-15.
  41. ^Nicholson, Rebecca (2023-02-01)."For the Love of Dilfs review – Stormy Daniels's gay dating show is a hoot from start to finish".The Guardian.ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved2023-10-15.
  42. ^Spilde, Coleman (2023-01-30)."Stormy Daniels Has a New Gay Dating Show (?!) and It Is Wild".The Daily Beast. Retrieved2023-10-15.
  43. ^Russell, John (2023-02-01)."We need to talk about Stormy Daniels's bonkers gay dating show".LGBTQ Nation. Retrieved2023-10-15.
  44. ^"OUTtv, Daddy TV agree exclusive, first-look deal including For the Love of DILFs S2".C21media. Retrieved2023-10-15.
  45. ^"Get Ready Because More Of The Queer Reality TV You Love Is Coming".pride.com. Retrieved2023-10-15.
  46. ^"Gay dating show 'For the Love of DILFS' returns for season 3".pride.com. Retrieved2024-10-13.
  47. ^Pinto, Jordan."OUTtv grabs global SVoD rights to BBC make-up competition series Glow Up".C21media. Retrieved12 April 2024.
  48. ^"Glow Up: Britain's Next Make Up Star confirmed season 7 start date | Radio Times".Radio Times. Retrieved20 May 2025.
  49. ^Sim, Bernardo."'X-Rated: NYC' Got Renewed For 2 More Seasons & An LA Spinoff".out.com. Retrieved12 April 2024.
  50. ^"Curve TV".SelecTV. Archived fromthe original on July 8, 2006. RetrievedApril 13, 2024.
  51. ^Knox, David (2007-02-16)."GayTV channel dropped".TV Tonight. Retrieved2024-04-13.
  52. ^OUTtv Signs Licensing Deal to Create the Netherlands' First Gay Lifestyle Television NetworkArchived 2011-07-10 at theWayback Machine; Echelon Magazine; 2008-04-24
  53. ^LGBTQ+ streaming service launches in UK. Advanced Television, November 11, 2020.
  54. ^Kelly Townsend,"OUTtv rebrands U.K. streaming service to OUTflix".Playback, April 9, 2024.
  55. ^"OUTtv".accedo.tv. 2018.
  56. ^"OUTtv Selects Brightcove OTT Flow Powered by Accedo for OUTtvGO OTT Service".Streaming Media Magazine. 10 May 2018. Retrieved1 May 2025.
  57. ^"Television & Streaming".The LGBTQ+ History Series.
  58. ^"Where to Watch Sloppy Jones".Sloppy Jones.
  59. ^Patterson, Denny (30 March 2021)."First LGBTQ Channel Coming to Apple TV".OUT FRONT. Retrieved1 May 2025.
  60. ^"Amazon Prime Video adds AMC, Starzplay, Paramount, OUTtv channels. | TV Tonight".TV Tonight. 2021-11-09. Retrieved2024-05-08.
  61. ^"OUTtv on Prime Video US". Advanced Television. 10 May 2023.
  62. ^Kaminska, Karolina."Canuck LGBTQ+ network OUTtv launches on The Roku Channel in US".C21media. Retrieved1 May 2025.
  63. ^"OUTtv launches on YouTube TV in the US". Advanced Television. 25 April 2025.
  64. ^Malyk, Lauren (22 February 2018)."OUTtv travels to New Zealand".Playback.
  65. ^"OUTtv on Prime Video in NZ". 14 November 2024.
  66. ^"OUTtv is coming to Mzansi".Independent Online, September 4, 2018.
  67. ^Ferreira, Thinus."Showmax deal with OUTtv means more LGBTQIA+ content available to stream in SA".Life. Retrieved2024-04-11.
  68. ^OUTtv expands with launch of linear channel in South Africa.Broadcast Dialogue, March 9, 2023
  69. ^"Fuse Media Partners With OUTtv to Launch FAST Channel OUTtv Proud (Exclusive)". Yahoo News. 2022-11-10. Retrieved2024-05-08.
  70. ^Thomson, Stuart (2024-01-24)."OUTtv Proud FAST channel arrives on Freeview via ChannelBox".Digital TV Europe. Retrieved2024-05-08.
  71. ^Goren, Or (18 June 2025)."Three New Channels Hit Freeview In June 2025 Update".Cord Busters.
  72. ^Batey, Neil (18 March 2025)."OUTtv partners with Taiwan's Chunghwa Telecom to launch first Asian channels".C21media. Retrieved2025-04-14.

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