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Otavipithecus

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Extinct species of ape

Otavipithecus Temporal range: 13 Million years ago

Fossil jawbone ofOtavipithecus namibiensis at theNational Museum of Natural History, France
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Suborder:	Haplorhini
Infraorder:	Simiiformes
Family:	Hominidae
Subfamily:	†Dryopithecinae
Tribe:	†Afropithecini
Genus:	†Otavipithecus Conroyet al.,1992
Species:	†O. namibiensis
Binomial name
†Otavipithecus namibiensis Conroyet al.,1992

Otavipithecus namibiensis is an extinct species ofape from theMiocene ofNamibia. The fossils were discovered at theBerg Aukas mines in the foothills of theOtavi mountains, hence the generic name. The species was described in 1992 byGlenn Conroy and colleagues, and was at the time the only non-hominin fossil ape known fromSouthern Africa. The scientists noted that the surrounding area of the discovered specimen included fauna dated at "about 13 ± 1 Myr".^[1] The fossils consist of part of the lowerjawbone withmolars, a partialfrontal bone, a heavily damagedulna, onevertebra and a partial finger bone.^[2]

Otavipithecus is estimated to have weighed between 14 and 20 kg.^[3]The unspecialised teeth have only a thin layer ofenamel, implying a diet of soft vegetation such as fruit and young leaves.^[3]

Thephylogenetic position ofOtavipithecus is not clear from the meagre fossils known to date. Alternative proposals have it branching close to the earlierAfropithecus ofKenya,^[4] or being close to the common ancestor of modern African apes (humans,chimpanzees, andgorillas).^[5]^[6]

References

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^Conroy, Glenn C.;Pickford, Martin;Senut, Brigitte; Couvering, John Van; Mein, Pierre (1992). "Otavipithecus namibiensis, first Miocene hominoid from southern Africa".Nature.356 (6365):144–148.Bibcode:1992Natur.356..144C.doi:10.1038/356144a0.ISSN 0028-0836.PMID 1545864.S2CID 24829488.
^Harrison, T (2010). "Dendropithecoidea, Proconsuloidea and Hominoidea". In Werdelin, L.; Sanders, W. J (eds.).Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 429–469.
^^a ^bConroy, G. C (1997).Reconstructing human origins. New York: W. W. Norton & company.
^Singleton, M (2000). "The phylogenetic affinities of Otavipithecus namibiensis".Journal of Human Evolution.38 (4):537–573.Bibcode:2000JHumE..38..537S.doi:10.1006/jhev.1999.0369.PMID 10715196.
^Pickford, M.; Moyà-Solà, S.; Köhler, M (1997). "Phylogenetic implications of the first Middle Miocene hominoid frontal bone from Otavi, Namibia".Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences.325:459–466.
^Cartmill, M.; Smith, F. H (2009).The Human Lineage. New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell.

Haplorhini

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Mammalia
Order:Primates

Haplorhini

†"Omomyidae"

Altanius? Altiatlasius? Bownomomys Kohatius
Microchoerinae	Indusomys Melaneremia Microchoerus Nannopithex Necrolemur Paraloris Pseudoloris Quercyloris Vectipithex
"Anaptomorphinae"	Absarokius Anaptomorphus Anemorhysis Arapahovius Aycrossia Chlororhysis Gazinius Pseudotetonius Sphacorhysis Strigorhysis Tatmanius Teilhardina Tetonius Tetonoides Trogolemur Walshina
"Omomyinae"	Ageitodendron Asiomomys Brontomomys Chipetaia Chumashius Diablomomys Dyseolemur Ekwiiyemakius Gunnelltarsius Hemiacodon Jemezius Loveina Macrotarsius Nesomomys Omomys Ourayia Rooneyia Shoshonius Steinius Stockia Uintanius Utahia Washakius Wyomomys Yaquius
Tarkadectinae	Tarka Tarkadectes Tarkops

Tarsiiformes

†Archicebus †Afrotarsiidae? †"Omomyidae"?
Tarsiidae	Carlito Cephalopachus †Hesperotarsius †Oligotarsius Tarsius †Xanthorhysis?

Simiiformes

- see below↓

Simiiformes

†Afrotarsiidae?

Afrasia
Afrotarsius

†Eosimiidae

†Amphipithecidae

†Parapithecoidea

Arsinoea Biretia
Proteopithecidae	Proteopithecus Serapia
Parapithecidae	Abuqatrania Apidium Parapithecus Qatrania Ucayalipithecus

Platyrrhini

†Parvimico †Perupithecus †Szalatavus †Canaanimico †Branisella †Lagonimico
Aotidae	Aotus †Tremacebus
Pitheciidae	†Antillothrix Cacajao Callicebus †Carlocebus †Cebupithecia Cheracebus Chiropotes †Homunculus †Insulacebus †Mazzonicebus †Miocallicebus †Nuciruptor Pithecia Plecturocebus †Proteropithecia †Soriacebus †Xenothrix
Atelidae	Alouatta Ateles Brachyteles †Caipora †Cartelles †Chilecebus Lagothrix †Mohanamico Oreonax †Paralouatta †Protopithecus †Solimoea †Stirtonia
Cebidae	†Acrecebus Cebus †Dolichocebus †Killikaike †Panamacebus †Patasola Saimiri Sapajus
Callitrichidae	Callimico Callithrix Cebuella Leontocebus Leontopithecus Mico †Micodon Saguinus

Catarrhini	see below↓

Catarrhini

†Micropithecus
†Saadanius

†Oligopithecidae

†Propliopithecidae

†Pliopithecoidea

Krishnapithecus Paidopithex †Kapi
Pliopithecidae	Epipliopithecus Pliopithecus
Dionysopithecidae	Dionysopithecus Platodontopithecus
Crouzeliidae	Anapithecus Barberapithecus Crouzelia Egarapithecus Fanchangia Laccopithecus Plesiopliopithecus Pliobates

Cercopithecoidea

†Alophe

†Victoriapithecidae

Colobinae

Cercopithecinae

Cercopithecini	Allenopithecus Allochrocebus Cercopithecus Chlorocebus Erythrocebus Miopithecus †Nanopithecus
Papionini	Cercocebus †Dinopithecus †Gorgopithecus Lophocebus Macaca Mandrillus Papio †Paradolichopithecus †Parapapio †Pliopapio †Procercocebus †Procynocephalus Rungwecebus †Soromandrillus Theropithecus

Hominoidea	see below↓

Hominoidea

†Afropithecus †Ekembo †Equatorius †Griphopithecus †Kamoyapithecus? †Kenyapithecus †Morotopithecus †Nacholapithecus †Otavipithecus †Proconsul †Samburupithecus
†Dendropithecidae	Dendropithecus Micropithecus? Nyanzapithecus Oreopithecus? Rangwapithecus Rukwapithecus Simiolus Turkanapithecus
Hylobatidae	†Bunopithecus Hoolock Hylobates †Junzi Nomascus Symphalangus †Yuanmoupithecus

Hominidae

†Buronius †Graecopithecus †Nakalipithecus †Ouranopithecus
Ponginae	†Ankarapithecus †Gigantopithecus †Indopithecus †Khoratpithecus †Lufengpithecus †Meganthropus Pongo †Sivapithecus

Pan
Hominina	†Ardipithecus? †Australopithecus †Graecopithecus? Homo †Kenyanthropus †Orrorin? †Sahelanthropus? †Paranthropus

Taxon identifiers
Otavipithecus	Wikidata:Q1953843 Wikispecies:Otavipithecus GBIF:4827066 IRMNG:1213260 Paleobiology Database:133714
Otavipithecus namibiensis	Wikidata:Q57421251 Wikispecies:Otavipithecus namibiensis GBIF:11118148 Paleobiology Database:385224

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