Orville H. Platt | |
|---|---|
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| United States Senator fromConnecticut | |
| In office March 4, 1879 – April 21, 1905 | |
| Preceded by | William H. Barnum |
| Succeeded by | Frank B. Brandegee |
| Secretary of State of Connecticut | |
| In office 1857–1858 | |
| Governor | James Pollock |
| Preceded by | Nehemiah D. Sperry |
| Succeeded by | John Boyd |
| Member of theConnecticut House of Representatives | |
| In office 1864 1869 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Orville Hitchcock Platt (1827-07-19)July 19, 1827 Washington, Connecticut |
| Died | April 21, 1905(1905-04-21) (aged 77) Washington, Connecticut |
| Nationality | American |
| Party | Republican |
| Signature | .png) |
Orville Hitchcock Platt (July 19, 1827 – April 21, 1905) was aUnited States senator fromConnecticut. Platt was a prominent conservative Republican and by the 1890s he became one of the "big four" key Republicans who largely controlled the major decisions of the Senate, along withWilliam B. Allison of Iowa,John Coit Spooner of Wisconsin andNelson W. Aldrich of Rhode Island.
Born inWashington, Connecticut, he attended the common schools and graduated fromThe Gunnery in Washington. He studied law inLitchfield, and was admitted to thebar in 1850, commencing practice inTowanda, Pennsylvania. He moved toMeriden, Connecticut in 1850 and continued to practice law.
He later had a son, namedJames Perry Platt, who became Judge of the United States District Court.[1]
He wasclerk of theConnecticut Senate in 1855 and 1856,Secretary of the State of Connecticut in 1857, and a member of the State senate in 1861 and 1862.[2] He was a member of theConnecticut House of Representatives in 1864 and 1869, and served asspeaker in the latter year. The former Platt National Park in Oklahoma (since 1976 part of the Chickasaw National Recreational Area) was named for him.
Platt was state's attorney forNew Haven County from 1877 to 1879 and was elected as aRepublican to the U.S. Senate in 1879. He was re-elected in 1885, 1891, 1897 and 1903 and served from March 4, 1879 to his death.[3]
He was chairman of the Committee onPatents (Forty-seventh through Forty-ninth and Fifty-fourth and Fifty-fifth Congresses) and a member of the Committees on Pensions (Forty-seventh Congress), Territories (Fiftieth through Fifty-second Congresses),Cuban Relations (Fifty-sixth through Fifty-eighth Congresses), and the Judiciary (Fifty-eighth and Fifty-ninth Congresses). By the 1890s, Platt's influence in the Senate swelled to the point that eventually he was one of the "Senate Four" who largely controlled the Senate, along withJohn Coit Spooner,William B. Allison andNelson W. Aldrich.[4][5] Because of his votes against theSherman Anti-trust Law, the Eight-Hour Labor Act, and the Anti-Injunction Bill, Platt was denounced by the labor organizations and was considered a reactionary.[6] He was an earnest advocate of the abolition of secret executive sessions of the Senate.[7]
In the U.S. Senate, Platt presided over theimpeachment trial of JudgeCharles Swayne, which was held in late 1904 and early 1905.[8][9]
On March 1, 1901, the U.S. House of Representatives passed the Army Appropriation bill with thePlatt Amendment as a rider, which governed U.S. relations with Cuba from 1901 to 1934 and was named for Platt.
Platt was a Compatriot of theSons of the American Revolution.
In 1902, Platt introduced legislation to establish the 640-acre Sulphur Springs Reservation, protecting about 30 mineral springs, inMurray County, Oklahoma, (then part of Indian Territory). On June 29, 1906, Congress redesignated the reservation as Platt National Park, named for the senator. It remained one of the smallest national park in the United States until it was abolished by Congress and made part of the much larger Chickasaw National Recreation Area in 1976.[10]
Yale gave him the degree ofLL.D. in 1887.[7] Platt died on April 21, 1905, aged 77, at his summer home, "Kirby Corners", in Washington, CT, and was interred in the Cemetery on the Green in the same town.[11] One of the two public high schools in Meriden was named for Platt when it opened in 1958.
| U.S. Senate | ||
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| Preceded by | U.S. senator (Class 3) from Connecticut 1879–1905 Served alongside:William W. Eaton,Joseph R. Hawley,Morgan G. Bulkeley | Succeeded by |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by | Chairman of theSenate Judiciary Committee 1904–1905 | Succeeded by |
| Class 1 |  | |
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| Class 3 | ||
| International | |
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| People | |
| Other | |
