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Oroko language

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Bantu dialect cluster spoken in Cameroon

Oroko
Balondo
Native to	Cameroon
Region	Southwest and Kribi
Native speakers	(110,000 cited 2000)^[1]
Language family	Niger–Congo? Atlantic–Congo Benue–Congo Bantoid Bantu (Zone A) Sawabantu (A.10) Oroko
Dialects	Kundu Lue Mbonge Ekombe Londo ba Nanga Londo ba Diko Ngolo Bima Tanga or Batanga Koko
Writing system	Latin
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`bdu`
Glottolog	`orok1266`
Guthrie code	`A.101 (ex-A.11,12)`^[2]

Oroko, alsoBakundu-Balue orBalundu-Bima, is a SawaBantu dialect cluster spoken inCameroon.

Varieties are Kundu/Nkundu (Lokundu, Bakundu), Lue (Lolue, Balue), Mbonge, Ekombe, Londo (Londo ba Nanga;cf.Londo), Londo ba Diko, Ngolo (Longolo;cf.Ngolo dialect), Bima, Tanga (Lotanga, Batanga), and Koko (Lokoko, Bakoko: distinct fromBakoko language). Maho (2009) treats these as ten distinct languages.

Phonology

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Consonants

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		Bilabial	Labio- dental	Alveolar	Post-alv./ Palatal	Velar		Labial- velar
		Bilabial	Labio- dental	Alveolar	Post-alv./ Palatal	plain	lab.	Labial- velar
Nasal		m		n	ɲ	ŋ
Plosive/ Affricate	voiceless	p		t	t͡ʃ	k	kʷ^[a]	k͡p
	voiced	b		d	d͡ʒ		ɡʷ
	prenasal	ᵐb		ⁿd	ᶮd͡ʒ	ᵑɡ	ᵑɡʷ^[b]	ᵑᵐɡ͡b
Fricative	voiceless	ɸ^[c]	f	s
	voiced/pren.	β^[d]	ᶬf, ᶬv^[e]
	prenasal		ⁿf^[f], ⁿv^[g]
Liquid				l ~ r
Approximant					j			w

^is heard in the dialects of Londo, Lokundu, Longolo, Lokoko, Lotanga.
^is heard in the Lotanga dialect.
^is a realization of /f/ across dialects.
^is a realization of /b/ across dialects.
^is heard in the Longolo dialect.
^is heard in the Lokoko dialect.
^is heard in the Bima and Londo dialects.

[r] is used interchangeably with /l/ among speakers.^[3]

Vowels

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	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Close-mid	e		o
Open-mid	ɛ		ɔ
Open		a

Writing system

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Oroko alphabet^[4]
a	b	c	ɗ	e	ɛ	f	i	j	k	kp	m	mb	n	nd	ng	ngb	nj	ny	ŋ	o	ɔ	s	t	u	w	y

References

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^Oroko atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
^Jouni Filip Maho, 2009.New Updated Guthrie List Online
^Friesen, Dan T. (2002).Oroko orthography development: Linguistic and sociolinguistic factors. University of North Dakota.
^Oroko Language Development Committee (OLDC) (November 2004).ABC wa Oroko - The Oroko alphabet chart. OLDC.

v t e Languages of Cameroon
Official languages	French English
Major languages	Bamum Bulu Duala Ewondo Fulfulde Kom Lamnso Medumba
Pidgins	Cameroonian Pidgin English Camfranglais Ewondo Populaire Arabic
Indigenous and Immigrantlanguages	Chadian Arabic Afade Aghem Babanki Bafaw-Balong Bafia Baka Baldemu Bamali Bambalang Bana Bangolan Bankon Bata Bati Batu Bebele Bebil Beti Bikya Bishuo Bitare Bomwali Bonkeng Bube Bung Buwal Byep Caka Ceve Chamba Leko Cuvok Daba Dowayo Ɗugwor Duli Eman Esimbi Eton Evant Fa’ Fang Fanji Fe'fe' Fut Gawar Ghomala' Gidar Glavda Gude Gunu Gvoko Hausa Hdi Hijuk Hina Hya Ipulo Iyive Jimi Jina Kaalong Kako Kali Kanuri Kare Kasabe Kera Ki Kogo Kol Koma Kpwe Kuo Kutin Kwa’ Kwakum Kwasio La'bi Lagwan Limba Limbum Luo Maɗa Mafa Majera Makaa Malgbe Manenguba Mangbai Manza Maslam Massa Matal Mazagway Mbə’ Mboa Mbudum Mbuko Mbule Mbum Mefele Məgaka Mengisa Menyam Merey Mesaka Mfumte Mofu-Gudur Moloko Mono Mpade Mpumpong Mser Mundang Mungaka Musgu Muyang Nagumi Nda’nda’ Ndai Nen Nga'ka Ngambay Ngiemboon Ngomba Ngombale Ngwe Nimbari Njem Njerep Nkongho Noho Noni North Giziga North Mofu Northwest Gbaya Nyokon Nyong Nzakambay Nzanyi Nzime Oblo Oroko Pam Papia Parkwa Pinyin Pol Pongo Psikyɛ Rombi Sharwa South Giziga Suwu Swo Tibea Tikar To Tsuvan Tupuri Vame Vemgo-Mabas Vengo Vere Voko Wom Wuzlam Yamba Yambe Yasa Yedina Yemba Yeni Zizilivakan Zulgo-Gemzek Zumaya
Sign languages	Francophone African Sign Language Maroua Sign Language
Immigrant languages	English French Punjabi Spanish German Italian Hindi Hebrew Arabic Chinese Portuguese Japanese Russian Danish Dutch
See also:General Alphabet of Cameroon Languages

NarrowBantu languages (Zones A–B) (byGuthrie classification)

Zone A

A10	A11[101]Londo A12[101]Barue A13Balong A14Bonkeng A15Mbo [A141Bafo A151Nkongho
A20	A21Bomboko A22Baakpe A23Su A24Duala A25Oli A26Pongo A27Mulimba [A221Bubia A231Kole
A30	A31aNorth Bobe A31bSouthwest Bobe A31cSoutheast Bobe A32aBanoo A32bBapoko A33aYasa A33bKombe A34Benga
A40	A41Lombi A42Bankon A43aMbene A43bNorth Kogo A43cSouth Kogo A44Banen A45Nyokon A46Mandi [A441Aling'a A461Bonek A462Yambeta
A50	A51Fa’ A52Kaalong A53Kpa A54Ngayaba [A501Hijuk
A60	A61[601]Ngoro A62Yambasa A63Mangisa A64[601]Bacenga A65Bati [A621Baca A622Gunu A623Mbule
A70	A71Eton A72aEwondo A72bMvele A72cBakja A72dYangafek A73aBëbëlë A73bGbïgbïl A74Bulu A75Fang [A751South-West Fang
A80	A81Mvumbo A82So A83Makaa A84Njem A85aKonabem A85bBekwil A86aMedjime A86bMpompo A86cMpiemo A87Bomwali [A801Gyele A802Ukwedjo A803Shiwe A831Byep A832Bekol A841Bajue A842Koonzime
A90	A91Kwakum A92aPol A92bPomo A93Kako

Zone B

B10	B11aMpongwe B11bRongo B11cGalwa B11dDyumba B11eNkomi
B20	B21Sekiyani B22aWest Kele B22bNgom B22cBubi B23Mbangwe B24Wumbvu B25Kota [B201Ndasa B202Sighu B203Sama B204Ndambomo B205Metombola B221Molengue B251Shake B252Mahongwe
B30	B31Tsogo B32Kande [B301Viya B302Himbaka B303Bongwe B304Pinzi B305Vove
B40	B41Sira B42Sangu B43Punu B44Lumbu [B401Bwisi B402Varama B403Vungu B404Ngubi B411Bwali
B50	B51Duma B52Nzebi B53Tsaangi [B501Wanzi B502Mwele B503Vili
B60	B61Mbete B62Mbaama B63Nduumo [B602Kaning'i B603Yangho (spurious)
B70	B71aTege-Kali B71bNjiningi B72aNgungwele B72bMpumpu B73aTsaayi B73bLaali B73cYaa B73dKwe B74aNdzindziu B74bBoma B75Bali B76aMusieno B76bNgee B77aKukwa B77bFumu B78Wuumu [B701Tsitsege
B80	B81Tiene B82Boma B83Mfinu B84a[84]Mpuon B84b[84]Mpuun B85aMbiem B85bEast Yans B85cYeei B85dNtsuo B85eMpur B86Di B87[84]Mbuun [B821Mpe B822Nunu B861Ngul (Ngwi) B862Lwel B863Mpiin B864West Ngongo B865Nzadi

Italics indicateextinct languages.
Languages between parentheses arevarieties of the language on their left.

TheGuthrie classification is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them.

Narrow Bantu languages by Guthrie classification zone templates: Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B); Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D); Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H); Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M); Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)

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