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Ornithorhynchoidea

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Superfamily of monotreme mammals

Ornithorhynchoids
Two extant ornithorhynchoids:
theshort-beaked echidna (above) andplatypus (below)
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Domain:Eukaryota
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Mammalia
Order:Monotremata
Superfamily:Ornithorhynchoidea
Flannery et al., 2024
Families
Range ofextant ornithorhynchoids

Ornithorhynchoidea is asuperfamily ofmammals containing the only livingmonotremes, theplatypus and theechidnas, as well as their closest fossil relatives, to the exclusion of more primitive fossil monotremes of uncertain affinity.[1]

The clade was defined in2024 following the discovery of some fossil monotremes from theLate Cretaceous (Cenomanian)-agedGriman Creek Formation ofLightning Ridge Australia, which appeared to be more closely related to extant monotremes than to co-occurring early monotremes such asSteropodon andKollikodon.[1][2]

Taxonomy

[edit]

Opalios, theonly described member of the extinct family Opalionidae, is considered the mostbasal ornithorhynchoid due to its unique combination of ancestral and derived traits.[1]

The presence of the probablestem-ornithorhynchidsDharragarra andPatagorhynchus in theLate Cretaceous implies that the divergence between the platypus and echidnas may have occurred during this time.[1] However, genetic estimates tend to prefer aCenozoic divergence between these two extant groups.[3][4]

Although most members of this group—extinct and extant—are known from Australia, at least two ornithorhynchid-like forms reached southern South America during theMaastrichtian (Patagorhynchus) and earlyPaleocene (Monotrematum).[5][6]

The following genera are known:

They can be distinguished from other fossil monotremes by their twisted-shapeddentaries, with the lingual surfaces being dorsoventrally flattened (aside from in echidnas).[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcdeFlannery, Timothy F.; McCurry, Matthew R.;Rich, Thomas H.;Vickers-Rich, Patricia; Smith, Elizabeth T.; Helgen, Kristofer M. (2024-05-26)."A diverse assemblage of monotremes (Monotremata) from the Cenomanian Lightning Ridge fauna of New South Wales, Australia".Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology.48 (2):319–337.Bibcode:2024Alch...48..319F.doi:10.1080/03115518.2024.2348753.ISSN 0311-5518.
  2. ^de Kruijff, Peter (2024-05-26)."'Echidnapus' fossil of potential echidna and platypus ancestor may point to Australian 'age of monotremes'".ABC News. Archived fromthe original on 2024-05-27. Retrieved2024-05-27.
  3. ^Phillips MJ, Bennett TH, Lee MS (October 2009)."Molecules, morphology, and ecology indicate a recent, amphibious ancestry for echidnas".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.106 (40):17089–94.Bibcode:2009PNAS..10617089P.doi:10.1073/pnas.0904649106.PMC 2761324.PMID 19805098.
  4. ^Zhou, Yang; Shearwin-Whyatt, Linda; Li, Jing; Song, Zhenzhen; Hayakawa, Takashi; Stevens, David; Fenelon, Jane C.; Peel, Emma; Cheng, Yuanyuan; Pajpach, Filip; Bradley, Natasha; Suzuki, Hikoyu; Nikaido, Masato; Damas, Joana; Daish, Tasman (2021-04-06). "Platypus and echidna genomes reveal mammalian biology and evolution".Nature.592 (7856):756–762.Bibcode:2021Natur.592..756Z.doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03039-0.hdl:2440/130050.ISSN 1476-4687.PMID 33408411.
  5. ^Flannery, Timothy F.;Rich, Thomas H.;Vickers-Rich, Patricia; Ziegler, Tim; Veatch, E. Grace; Helgen, Kristofer M. (2022-01-02)."A review of monotreme (Monotremata) evolution".Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology.46 (1):3–20.Bibcode:2022Alch...46....3F.doi:10.1080/03115518.2022.2025900.ISSN 0311-5518.
  6. ^Chimento, Nicolás R.; Agnolín, Federico L.; Manabe, Makoto; Tsuihiji, Takanobu; Rich, Thomas H.; Vickers-Rich, Patricia; Novas, Fernando E. (2023-02-16)."First monotreme from the Late Cretaceous of South America".Communications Biology.6 (1): 146.doi:10.1038/s42003-023-04498-7.ISSN 2399-3642.PMC 9935847.PMID 36797304.


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