Directorate of Ordnance (Coordination & Services)

Industry	Defence Production
Founded	1712; 314 years ago (1712)2 April 1979; 46 years ago (1979-04-02) as OFB[1][2]
Defunct	1 October 2021; 4 years ago (2021-10-01)[3]
Fate	Corporatised
Successors	Directorate of Ordnance (Coordination & Services) Advanced Weapons and Equipment India Limited Armoured Vehicles Nigam Limited Gliders India Limited India Optel Limited Munitions India Limited Troop Comforts Limited Yantra India Limited
Headquarters	Ayudh Bhawan,Kolkata
Area served	Worldwide
Key people	Akhilesh Kumar Maurya,IOFSndc (Director General)[4]
Products	Small arms,aircraft weapons,anti-aircraft warfare,naval weapons,anti-ship warfare,anti-submarine warfare,anti-tank warfare,missiles,missile launchers,rockets,rocket launchers,bombs,grenades,mortars,mines,metals,alloys,machine tools,military vehicles,engines,armoured vehicles,parachutes,optoelectronics,chemicals,clothing,artillery,ammunition,propellants,explosives
Revenue	US$3 billion (₹22,389.22 crores) (2020–21)[2][5][6][7]
Number of employees	~80,000[8]
Website	ddpdoo.gov.in

TheDirectorate of Ordnance (Coordination & Services) (abbreviated:DOO(C&S)) is an authority under the Department of Defence Production (DDP) ofMinistry of Defence (MoD),Government of India.^[9] Its primary work is to management, give instructions and make coordination of governmentordnance production public companies. It is the main regulatory body of Indian Ordnance and its administrationcivil service,Indian Ordnance Factories Service (IOFS).The DOO(C&S) earlier known asOrdnance Factory Board (OFB), consisting of theIndian Ordnance Factories. In 2021, Government having corporatise the functions of the 41 Indian Ordnance Factories into 7Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs), the Government is merging them again in 2024, as the output of one factory serves as the input of the other.^[10][11]

OFB was the 37th-largestdefence equipment manufacturer in the world, 2nd-largest inAsia, and the largest inIndia.^[12] OFB was the world's largest government-operated production organisation,^[13] and the oldest organisation in India.^[14][15] It had a total workforce of about 80,000.^[8] It was often called the "Fourth Arm of Defence",^[16][17][18] and the "Force Behind the Armed Forces" of India.^[19][20] Its total sales were atUS$3 billion (₹22,389.22 crores) in the year 2020–'21.^[2]

It was engaged in research, development, production, testing, marketing and logistics of a product range in the areas of air, land and sea systems. OFB consisted of forty-one ordnance factories, nine training institutes, three regional marketing centres and four regional controllerates of safety, which are spread all across the country.^[21][22] Every year, 18 March is celebrated as the Ordnance Factory Day in India.^[23][24]

The Indian Ordnance Factories predate all the other organisations like theIndian Army and theIndian Railways by over a century. The first Indian ordnance factory can trace its origins back to the year 1712 when the DutchOstend Company established a Gun Powder Factory in Ichhapur.^[25] In 1787, anothergunpowder factory was established atIchapore; it began production in 1791, and the site was later used as a rifle factory, beginning in 1904. In 1801, Gun Carriage Agency (now known asGun and Shell Factory, Cossipore) was established atCossipore, Calcutta, and production began on 18 March 1802. This is the oldest ordnance factory in India still in existence.^[26]

The Indian Ordnance Factories have not only supported India through the wars, but also played an important role in building India, with the advancement of technology, and have ushered theIndustrial Revolution in India, starting with thefirst modern steel, aluminium, copper plants of India,^[27][28]first modern electric textile mill of India,first chemical industries of India,^[29] established the first engineering colleges of India, as its training schools,^[30] sparkedIndia's first war of independence in 1857 with its rifles and bullets,^[31][32] and also played key role in the founding of research and industrial organisations likeISRO,DRDO,BDL,BEL,BEML,SAIL, etc.^[33][34]

• 1712 – Establishment of the DutchOstend Company's Gun Powder Factory atIchhapur.^[25]
• 1775 – Establishment of the Board of Ordnance atFort William, Kolkata.
• 1787 – Establishment of the Gun Powder Factory at Ishapore.
• 1791 – Production of Gun Powder begins at Ishapore.
• 1801 – Establishment of Gun Carriage Agency at Cossipore, Kolkata.
• 1802 – Production begins at Cossipore on 18 March.
• 1935 – Indian Ordnance Service was introduced to administer the whole Defence Production Industry of India.
• 1954 – Indian Ordnance Service (IOS) renamed toIndian Ordnance Factories Service (IOFS).
• 1979 – Ordnance Factory Board is established on 2 April.

On 17 June 2021, the Defence Ministry announced its plans to split the existing five operating divisions of OFB, in addition to parachutes and opto-electronics, into seven PSUs, wholly owned by the government. It was mentioned that all existing factories and employees will become a part of these seven PSUs.^[35][36] From 1 October 2021, OFB has been dissolved and all the management, control, operations and maintenance has been transferred to 7 newly formed Defence PSUs, namely:^[37][38]

• Advanced Weapons and Equipment India Limited (AWE)
• Armoured Vehicles Nigam Limited (AVANI)
• Gliders India Limited (GIL)
• India Optel Limited (IOL)
• Munitions India Limited (MIL)
• Troop Comforts Limited (TCL)
• Yantra India Limited (YIL)

The new companies were launched and dedicated to the nation on 15 October 2021.^[39]

The Government is exploring the possibility of merging five of the seven defence public undertakings as of 2023, as the output of one factory serves as the input of the other.^[10][11]

• Ayudh Bhawan, Kolkata (main headquarter of DOO(C&S),)
• Armoured Vehicles Headquarters, Chennai
• Ordnance Equipment Factories Headquarters, Kanpur
• DOO(C&S), New Delhi Office
• Ordnance Factory Cell, Mumbai
• Ordnance Factories Recruitment Centre, Nagpur

The Apex Board was headed by the Director General of Ordnance Factories (DGOF), who acts as the chairman of the board (ex officioSecretary to Government of India) and consisted of nine other members, who each held the rank of Additional DGOF. Ordnance factories were divided into five operating divisions, depending upon the type of the main products/technologies employed.

These were:

• Ammunition and Explosives
• Weapons, Vehicles & Equipment
• Materials and Components
• Armoured Vehicles
• Ordnance Equipment Group of Factories

Each of the above group of factories was headed by a Member/Additional DGOF who was in the rank of Special Secretary to Government of India. The four remaining members were responsible for staff functions, viz personnel, finance, planning and material management, and technical services, and they operated from Kolkata.

Each ordnance factory was headed by a General Manager who is in the rank ofAdditional Secretary to the Government of India.

National Academy of Defence Production provides training to the IOFS officers in areas of technology, management, public administration as induction and re-orientation courses.

There were Ordnance Factories Institutes of Learning (OFILs) in Ambajhari, Ambernath, Avadi, Dehradun, Ishapore, Khamaria, Kanpur and Medak. Each OFIL was headed by a principal director, and NADP by a senior principal director. NADP provided training to Group A officers, whilst the other eight institutes imparted training to Group B and Group C employees of the ordnance factories.OFB had Regional marketing centres and Regional controllerates of safety as well.

In 2017, the Department of Defence Production under theMinistry of Defence opened itself to for Joint Ventures with OFB and DRDO was also tasked with identifying their products and patents, with the scope of commercial production^[43]

A joint venture between Ordnance Factory Board (50.5%),Kalashnikov Concern (42%) andRosonboronexport (7.5%) established to produce AK-203 (7.62×39mm) assault rifles intended for Indian Security Forces.^[44]

TheIndian Ordnance Factories Service (IOFS) is a civil service of the Government of India. IOFS officers are Gazetted (Group A) defence-civilian officers under the Ministry of Defence.

IOFS is a multi-disciplinary composite cadre consisting of technical – engineers (civil,electrical,mechanical,electronics), technologists (aerospace,automotive,marine,industrial/product design,computer,nuclear,optical,chemical,metallurgical,textile,leather) and non-technical/administrative (science,law,commerce,management andarts graduates). Technical posts account for about 87% of the total cadre. The doctors (surgeons andphysicians) serving in OFB belong to a separate service known as theIndian Ordnance Factories Health Service (IOFHS). IOFHS officers are responsible for the maintenance of health of the employees, and the hospitals of OFB. They report directly to the IOFS officers. IOFS and IOFHS are the only two civil services under the Department of Defence Production.^[45]

The type of ordnance material produced is very diverse, including varioussmall arms tomissiles,rockets,bombs,grenades,military vehicles,armoured vehicles,chemicals,optical devices,parachutes,mortars,artillery pieces plus all associatedammunition,propellants,explosives andfuses.^[46]

Civilians are required to hold an Arms License (issued only for non-prohibited bore category weapons) in order to buy firearms in India. The following products of the Indian Ordnance Factories Board are available for civilians:

• IOF .22 revolver
• IOF .32 revolver (7.65 mm X 23)
• IOF .32 revolver Nirbheek
• IOF .32 pistol Ashani
• IOF .22 sporting rifle
• IOF .315 sporting rifle
• IOF .30-06 sporting rifle

• Cartridge Rimfire .22" Ball
• Cartridge SA .32" Revolver
• Cartridge SA .315" and .30-06 Ball
• Cartridge SA 12 Bore 70mm
• Cartridge SA 12 Bore 65 mm Special

These products are exclusively manufactured for use by the armed forces and are not sold to civilians.

• Infantry
• 
  Multi Caliber Individual Weapon System (MCIWS) by OFT
• 
  84mm Shoulder-fired Rocket Launcher / Recoilless Gun by OFT
• 
  Minister holding a 40 mm Multi Grenade Launcher (MGL) and on the table the 38 mm Multi Shell Launcher both manufactured by OFT
• 
  Joint Venture Protective Carbine (JVPC) to be manufactured by OFT
• 
  AGS-30 Automatic Grenade Launcher by OFT
• 
  Rocket Propelled Grenade Launcher by OFT
• 
  Vidhwansak Anti-material Sniper Rifle by OFT

• Artillery
• 
  Pinaka rockets manufactured by OFAJ and the launcher by VFJ
• 
  Dhanush 155 mm artillery gun in L39, L45 and L52 configurations by GCF
• 
  VFJ-GCF 8X8 155 mm Truck-mounted Self-Propelled Gun System
• 
  VFJ-GCF 105 mm Truck-mounted Self-Propelled Gun System, in 6X6 and 4X4 configurations
• 
  VFJ-GCF Sharang Towed Gun
• 
  Smerch rockets produced at OFAJ and launcher at VFJ

• Vehicles
• 
  Matang was completely developed and manufactured by VFJ.
• 
  VFJ Flyer Light Strike Vehicle
• 
  4X4 Mine Protected Vehicle, also in 6X6 configuration, with RCWS, recce and recovery variants
• 
  VFJ LPTA 715
• 
  VFJ 4X4 Bullet Proof Vehicle
• 
  VFJ Stallion Mark I, now being replaced by Stallion Mark IV

• Clothing
• 
  g-suits for Indian Air Force pilots flying the supersonic aircraft
• 
  Bulletproof Vest
• 
  High-altitude, low-temperature, waterproof combat uniforms
• 
  Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) suit

• Support equipment
• 
  Parachutes manufactured at OPF Kanpur
• 
  Inflatable boat Prashant manufactured at OPF Kanpur
• 
  Hot air balloons manufactured at OEF Hazratpur

• Armoured
• 
  Bridge Layer Tank manufactured by HVF Chennai
• 
  T-90 Bhishma tank built at HVF Chennai
• 
  Full-width mine plough built by HVF Chennai
• 
  Arjun Mark-II tank
• 
  Bhishma's engine at Engine Factory Avadi, Chennai
• 
  Surface Mine Clearing System manufactured by Ordnance Factory Medak

• Missiles
• 
  Akash missile's warhead, propellants and its launchers on Ajeya and Sarath
• 
  Nag missile carrier (Namica) with propellants and explosives for the Nag anti-tank guided missile (ATGM)
• 
  Propellants for theAgni missile series
• 
  Explosive warheads and propellants for theBrahMos cruise missiles
• 
  Propellants and explosives for thePrahaar missile

• Space applications
• 
  Explosives used in stage separation ofGSLV are provided by OFB
• 
  Special metals and alloys used to build satellites ofISRO are supplied by OFB, along with precision instrumentation and optoelectronics
• 
  OFB supplies the propellants and explosives for PSLV to ISRO

• Aerial weapons
• 
  IAFMi-35 Hind Akbar's rockets, bombs and armaments
• 
  IAFSu-30MKI's rockets, bombs, missiles, armaments and parachutes
• 
  HAL Tejas uses armaments such as OFT's 23 mm GSh-23 Cannon and bombs
• 
  IAHAL Rudra's anti-tank, air-to-air and anti-ship missiles, rockets and torpedoes

• Naval weapons
• 
  AK-630 close-in weapon system, the mainstay of most Indian naval ships is built at GSF Kolkata
• 
  CRN-91 Naval Gun is the main armament of most Indian Coast Guard vessels is built at OFT Trichy and OFMK Hyderabad
• 
  76 mm SRGM built by FGK Kanpur is on board the INS Vikrant and all the new vessels of the Indian Navy, its ammunition is manufactured at OFK Jabalpur
• 
  RBU-6000 anti-submarine rocket launcher and its rockets such as RGB-12 and RGB-60 are built at HAPP Trichy and AFK Pune
• 
  AK-100 Gun and its ammunition manufactured at GSF Kolkata
• 
  Kavach anti-missile naval decoy rockets and its launchers are built AFK Pune and MTPF Mumbai respectively

The prime customers of Indian Ordnance Factories were theIndian Armed Forces viz. Indian Army, Indian Navy and the Indian Air Force.^[47][48] Apart from supplying armaments to the Armed Forces, Ordnance Factories also meet the requirements of other customers viz. theCentral Armed Police Forces,State Armed Police Forces,Paramilitary Forces of India and theSpecial Forces of India in respect of arms, ammunition, clothing, bullet proof vehicles, mine protected vehicles etc.^[21][49]

Customers are in the civil sector, central/state government organisations and departments such asIndian Railways,Indian Space Research Organisation,Defence Research and Development Organisation,Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre,Nuclear Fuel Complex,Aeronautical Development Agency,Department of Atomic Energy,Department of Telecommunications, and State Electricity Boards.^{[50][51][52][53]}Public Sector Undertakings in India (PSUs) such asHMT Limited,Hindustan Aeronautics Limited,Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited,Bharat Dynamics Limited,^[54] private companies and individuals etc. who purchased industrial chemicals, explosives, arms, ammunition, brass ingots, aluminium alloy products for aircraft, steel castings and forgings, vehicles, clothing and leather goods, cables and opto-electronic instruments.^[55]

Arms and ammunition, weapon spares, chemicals and explosives, parachutes, leather and clothing items were exported to more than 30 countries worldwide.

• Asia: Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Vietnam, Nepal, Singapore
• Europe: Germany, Belgium, Cyprus, Greece, Turkey, Russia, Sweden, France, Switzerland, United Kingdom
• Middle East: Oman, Egypt, Israel, Saudi Arabia, UAE
• Africa: Kenya, Botswana, Nigeria
• North and South America: United States, Canada, Brazil, Chile, Suriname^{[55][56][57][58]}

• Mantosh Sondhi - IOFS. Served as the first General Manager of theHeavy Vehicles Factory,^[59][60][61] founding Chairman & Managing Director ofBokaro Steel Plant, Member of theAtomic Energy Commission of India. First IOFS officer and first non-IAS officer to hold the posts ofSecretary ofMinistry of Heavy Industries,Ministry of Steel,Ministry of Mines andMinistry of Coal.^[62][63][64] AwardedPadma Shri by thePresident of India,^[65]Commander of the Order of the Lion of Finland by thePresident of Finland.^[66] The headquarters ofConfederation of Indian Industry is named in his honour.^[67] He also served as the Chairman of several MNCs such asAshok Leyland,^[68]ABB,Wärtsilä.^[69]
• Nalini Ranjan Mohanty - FormerIOFS officer. Secured All India 2nd Rank in the Engineering Services Examination of 1965, served as the Chairman & Managing Director ofHindustan Aeronautics Limited, Director ofKudremukh Iron Ore Company,Mahanadi Coalfields,National Aluminium Company (NALCO),Bharat Earth Movers (BEML). AwardedPadma Shri in 2004 by theGovernment of India for his role in the development ofLCA – Tejas.
• Brijmohan Lall Munjal - Founder ofHero MotoCorp, the world's largest two-wheeler manufacturer, andHero Cycles, world's largest cycle manufacturer. AwardedPadma Bhushan.
• H. P. S. Ahluwalia –IOFS. First Indian to climbMount Everest.^[70][71] Author, mountaineer, social worker. Founder & Chairman of Indian Spinal Injuries Centre. Conferred on with theArjuna Award,Padma Shri andPadma Bhushan by the Government of India,Fellowship of Royal Geographical Society (FRGS). Also served as a Commissioned officer in theIndian Army and Member ofPlanning Commission (India).
• Santu Shahaney - IOFS. Served as the Director General Ordnance Factories (DGOF). He was awardedPadma Shri in 1962, andPadma Bhushan in 1965, by theGovernment of India, in the Civil Service category, for his contributions during theIndo-China War of 1962 and theIndo-Pakistani War of 1965, respectively.^[72]
• R. M. Muzumdar - IOFS. Second Indian Director General of the Indian Ordnance Factories. He was awarded thePadma Bhushan by the Government of India, in 1973, in the Civil service category, for his contributions during theIndo-Pakistani War of 1971
• Waman Dattatreya Patwardhan - IOFS officer. Developed the solid propellant for India's first space rocket launched from Thumba, and the detonation system of India's first nuclear bomb used inOperation Smiling Buddha. Served at the Ammunition Factory Khadki, and as the first Director ofHigh Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL) and theArmaments Research and Development Establishment (ARDE) of theDefence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). AwardedPadma Shri in 1974.
• H. G. S. Murthy - IOFS. Known as one of the "Seven Pioneers of the Indian Space Programme".^[73][74][75] He served at the Machine Tool Prototype Factory (MTPF), Ambernath, and as the first Director of theThumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS), and the Space Science & Technology Centre, now known as theVikram Sarabhai Space Centre, of theIndian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). AwardedPadma Shri in 1969.^[72]
• K. C. Banerjee - IOFS. ReceivedPadma Shri in 1967, for his contributions during theIndo-Pakistani War of 1965, as the General Manager ofRifle Factory Ishapore,^[76] that developed and manufactured the7.62 Self-Loading Automatic Rifle, that played decisive role in India's victory in theIndo-Pakistani War of 1965.^{[77][78][79][80]}
• O. P. Bahl, anIOFS officer. ReceivedPadma Shri in 1972, in the civil-service category, as the General Manager ofAmmunition Factory Khadki, which developed and manufactured theanti-submarine rockets used in sinking the submarinePNS Ghazi during theIndo-Pakistani War of 1971.^[81]

• Defence industry of India
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