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Order of St. Olav

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Norwegian chivalric order
  • Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav
  • Den Kongelige Norske Sankt Olavs Orden

St.Olavsordens kraschan - Livrustkammaren - 30274
Grand Cross set of the Order (1st type)
Awarded by

King of Norway
TypeChivalric order with five degrees
Established21 August 1847; 178 years ago (1847-08-21)
MottoRET OG SANDHED
(Justice and Truth)
CriteriaRemarkable accomplishments on behalf of the country and humanity
StatusCurrently constituted
Grand MasterKing Harald V
Grades
  • Grand Cross with Collar
  • Grand Cross
  • Commander with Star
  • Commander
  • Knight 1st Class
  • Knight
Precedence
Next (higher)Medal for Outstanding Civic Service
Next (lower)Royal Norwegian Order of Merit

Riband of the Order of St. Olav

TheRoyal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav (Norwegian:Den Kongelige Norske Sankt Olavs Orden; orSanct Olafs Orden, the old Norwegian name) is a Norwegianorder of chivalry instituted byKing Oscar I on 21 August 1847. It is named afterKing Olav II, known to posterity as St. Olav.[1]

Just before the union with Sweden was dissolved in 1905, theOrder of the Norwegian Lion was instituted in 1904 byKing Oscar II, but no appointments were awarded by his successor,King Haakon VII. The Order of St. Olav thus became the kingdom's only order of chivalry for the next 80 years. The Grand Master of the order is the reigning monarch of Norway. It is used to reward individuals for remarkable accomplishments on behalf of the country and humanity. Since 1985, appointments to the order have only been conferred upon Norwegian citizens, though foreign heads of state and royalty may be appointed as a matter of courtesy.

Grades and classes

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The reigning monarch of Norway is the order's Grand Master.[2] The order consists of three grades, of which two are divided into two classes,[1] and may be awarded for either civilian or military contributions, in descending order of distinction. The collar is awarded as a separate distinction of the Grand Cross to those recipients deemed exceptionally worthy.

  • Grand Cross (Storkors)  – awarded to heads of state as a courtesy and in rare cases to individuals for merit; wears the badge on acollar (chain), plus the star on the left chest. If the collar is not worn the badge may be worn on a sash on the right shoulder;
  • Commander, which is divided into two classes:
    • Commander with Star (Kommandør med stjerne)  – wears the badge on a necklet, plus the star on the left chest;
    • Commander (Kommandør)  – wears the badge on a necklet;
  • Knight, which is divided into two classes:
    • Knight 1st Class (Ridder av 1. klasse)  – wears the badge on a ribbon on the left chest;
    • Knight (Ridder)  – wears the badge on a ribbon on the left chest.
Ribbon bars

Grand Cross with Collar
Grand Cross
Commander with Star
Commander
Knight 1st Class
Knight

Insignia

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The Star of The Order of Saint Olav
Design of thecollar of the Order of St. Olav since 1906.

Thecollar of the Order is in gold, with five enamelled and crowned monograms "O", five enamelled and crowned coat-of-arms of Norway, and 10 goldcrossesbottony each flanked by two battle axes with silver blades and golden shafts (The latter element is also featured in the coat of arms of theChurch of Norway).

Thebadge of the Order is a white enamelledMaltese Cross, in silver for the knight class and ingilt of the higher classes; crowned monograms "O" appear between the arms of the cross. The obverse central disc is red with the golden Norwegian lion rampart bearing a battle-axe; the reverse disc bears the King Oscar's motto «Ret og Sandhed»  – "Justice and Truth" in Norwegian; both discs are surrounded by a white-blue-white ring. The cross is topped by a crown;[3] military awards have crossed swords between the crown and the cross.

Thestar of the Order for the Grand Cross is an eight-pointed silver star with faceted rays, bearing the obverse of the badge of the Order (minus the crown on the top).

Thestar for Commander with Star is a silver faceted Maltese Cross, with gilt crowned monograms "O" between the arms of the cross. The central disc is red with the golden Norwegian lion rampart bearing a battle axe, surrounded by a white-blue-white ring.[4]

Theribbon of the Order is red with white-blue-white edge stripes.[1]

In very exceptional circumstances the Order may be awarded "with diamonds", in which case a ring of diamonds replaces the white-blue-white enamel ring surrounding the central disc on the front of the badge as well as in the crown.[5][6]

The insignia are expected to be returned either upon the receiver's advancement to a higher level of the order or upon his or her death. The insignia are produced in Norway by craftsmen.

Eligibility and appointment

[edit]

The King makes appointments upon the recommendation of a six-member commission, none of whom may be a member of the government, consisting of a chancellor, vice chancellor, theLord Chamberlain (acting as treasurer), and three other representatives. The Lord Chamberlain nominates the members of the commission, and the monarch approves them.[7] Nominations to the order are directed at the commission through thecounty governor.

Princes and Princesses with succession rights to the throne are appointed to the highest degree upon reaching theirage of majority.[8]

Ranking

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The Order of St. Olav is the highest civilian honour currently conferred by Norway and only ranks after the militaryWar Cross among all Norwegian decorations still awarded in the general ranking.

In theorder of precedence used at the royal court of Norway, bearers of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav with collar are ranked 15th in the order of precedence, directly after the Mistress of the Robes and generals and directly before recipients of theWar Cross with Sword. Bearers of the Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav are ranked 16th.

Current holders of the Grand Cross

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This list contains holders of the Grand Cross, some of whom have also been awarded the Collar and gives the year of their appointment. The list iscollated alphabetically by the last name; those recipients not possessing the last name, such as royalty and mostIcelanders are collated by the first name. Six of the listed are not heads of states or royals; these are marked by names in bold. Before theRoyal Norwegian Order of Merit was created in 1985, appointments to the Order of St Olav was awarded to members of a foreign delegation during state visits. Many holders of the Grand Cross who are not heads of state are not listed here.

This list isincomplete; you can help byadding missing items.(August 2008)
CountryNameChargeGrand Cross
with Collar		Grand CrossYear
 ArgentinaMauricio MacriFormer PresidentYesY2018
 AustriaHeinz Fischer2007
 BelgiumAlbert IIFormer KingYesY1964
MathildeQueenYesY2003
PaolaFormer Queen1997
PhilippeKing2003
 BrazilLuiz Inácio Lula da SilvaPresident
 BulgariaGeorgi ParvanovFormer President2006
 CroatiaIvo Josipović2011
 DenmarkBenediktePrincess1974
Frederik XKing (when Crown Prince)YesY2024, 1990
JoachimPrince1991
Margrethe IIQueen (when Princess)YesY1958
MariePrincessYesY2014
MaryQueen (when Crown Princess)2005
ChristianCrown Prince (when Prince)2023
 EstoniaToomas Hendrik IlvesFormer President2014
 FinlandAlexander StubbPresident2024
Sauli NiinistöFormer President2012
Tarja Halonen2000
Tellervo KoivistoFormer President's wife1983
 FranceEmmanuel MacronPresident2025
 GermanyJoachim GauckFormer President2014
Horst Köhler2007
Marianne von WeizsäckerFormer first lady1986
 IranFarah PahlaviFormer Empress1965
 IcelandHalla TómasdóttirPresident2025
Guðni Th. JóhannessonFormer President2017
Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson1982
Vigdís FinnbogadóttirYesY?
 ItalySergio MattarellaPresidentYesY2016
 JapanAkihitoEmperor EmeritusYesY2001, 1953
MasakoEmpress (when Crown Princess)2001
MichikoEmpress Emerita
NaruhitoEmperor (when Crown Prince)
NobukoPrincess
 JordanAbdullah IIKing2000
HusseinCrown Prince2020
HassanPrince (when Crown Prince)1980
RaniaQueen2000
 LatviaGuntis UlmanisFormer President1998
Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga2000
Andris Bērziņš2015
 LithuaniaValdas Adamkus1998
Dalia Grybauskaitė2011
 LuxembourgHenriFormer Grand DukeYesY
Maria TeresaFormer Grand DuchessYesY1996
 NetherlandsBeatrixFormer Queen (when Princess)YesY1964
MargrietPrincessYesY
Willem-AlexanderKingYesY2021, 1996
MáximaQueen2013
 NorwayAstridPrincessYesY1956
Kjell Magne BondevikFormer Prime MinisterYesY2004
Lars Petter ForbergFormer Lord Chamberlain of the Royal Household
Åge Bernhard Grutle2015
HaakonCrown PrinceYesY1991
Magne HagenFormer Cabinet Secretary to the KingYesY2000
Harald VKingYesY
Grand Master		1955, 1991
Ingrid AlexandraPrincessYesY2022
Märtha LouiseYesY1989
Mette-MaritCrown PrincessYesY2016, 2001
Edvard MoserProfessor,psychologist andneuroscientist,Nobel laureat2018
May-Britt Moser
Gry MølleskogFormer Lord Chamberlain of the Royal Household2022
Arne OmholtFormer Marshal of the Court2016
Carsten SmithFormer Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Norway2003
SonjaQueenYesY1972
Sverre MagnusPrinceYesY2023
Berit TverslandFormer Cabinet Secretary to the King2012
 PolandAndrzej DudaFormer President2016
Bronislaw KomorowskiFormer President2012
Aleksander Kwaśniewski1996
Lech Wałęsa1995
 PortugalAntónio Ramalho EanesYesY1978
Aníbal Cavaco SilvaYesY2008
 RomaniaEmil Constantinescu1999
South KoreaMoon Jae-in2019
 SlovakiaAndrej Kiska2018
Ivan Gašparovič2010
 SloveniaBorut Pahor2019
Danilo Türk2011
 SpainCristinaInfantas1995
Elena
FelipeKing
Juan Carlos IFormer KingYesY1982
SofíaFormer QueenYesY
 SwedenCarl XVI GustafKingYesY1974
Carl PhilipPrinceYesY2005
ChristinaPrincess1992
DanielPrince2022
DésiréePrincess1992
Madeleine2005
SilviaQueen1982
VictoriaCrown Princess1995
 ThailandSirikitFormer Queen1965
 TurkeyAbdullah GülFormer President2013
 United KingdomCharles IIIKingYesY1978
Andrew Mountbatten-WindsorFormerly prince andDuke of YorkYesY1988
EdwardPrince andDuke of Kent
RichardPrince andDuke of Gloucester1973
  • Order of Saint Olav Grand Cross with swords badge 1st Type
    Order of Saint Olav Grand Cross with swords badge 1st Type
  • Order of Saint Olav Grand Cross with swords badge 2nd Type
    Order of Saint Olav Grand Cross with swords badge 2nd Type
  • Order of St Olav - Commander
    Order of St Olav - Commander
  • Order of St Olav - Commander
    Order of St Olav - Commander
  • Order of St Olav - Commander
    Order of St Olav - Commander
  • Order of St. Olav Grand Cross badge
    Order of St. Olav Grand Cross badge
  • Order of St. Olav Grand Cross Star
    Order of St. Olav Grand Cross Star
  • Order of St. Olav Knights Class
    Order of St. Olav Knights Class
  • Order of St. Olav Grand Cross Star - 2nd Type
    Order of St. Olav Grand Cross Star - 2nd Type
  • Order of St. Olav Grand Cross Star - 1st Type
    Order of St. Olav Grand Cross Star - 1st Type
  • Order of St. Olav Collar and Star
    Order of St. Olav Collar and Star
  • Order of St. Olav Grand Officer Star - 1st Type
    Order of St. Olav Grand Officer Star - 1st Type
  • Order of St. Olav Grand Officer Badge - 1st Type
    Order of St. Olav Grand Officer Badge - 1st Type
  • Order of St. Olav Knight - 1st Type
    Order of St. Olav Knight - 1st Type

See also

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References

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  1. ^abcHieronymussen & Lundø 1968, p. 102.
  2. ^Statutes, §2
  3. ^Hieronymussen & Lundø 1968, fig. 8, p. 102.
  4. ^"Utnevnelse til St. Olavs Orden". Retrieved21 September 2014.
  5. ^"1071-1072 (Norges statskalender / 1940)".runeberg.org (in Norwegian). Retrieved2024-08-23.
  6. ^"1011-1012 (Norges statskalender / 1947)".runeberg.org (in Norwegian). Retrieved2024-08-23.
  7. ^section 5, Statues of the Order of St. Olav
  8. ^section 3, Statues of the Order of St. Olav

Works cited

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  • Hieronymussen, Poul Ohm; Lundø, Jørgen, eds. (1968).Eurooppalaiset kunniamerkit värikuvina [Europæiske ordner i farver] (in Finnish). Translated by Karnila, Christer. Porvoo: WSOY.OCLC 466954328.

External links

[edit]
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