| Order of Saint Louis Ordre de Saint-Louis | |
|---|---|
 Cross of the Order of Saint Louis | |
Awarded by the King of France | |
| Type | Dynastic order |
| Established | 5 April 1693 |
| Royal house | House of France |
| Religious affiliation | Roman Catholicism |
| Ribbon | Bright red |
| Motto | Bellicæ Virtutis Præmium ('The Reward of Warring Valor') |
| Eligibility | Military officers of Catholic faith with over 10 years of service, including non-nobles |
| Awarded for | Exceptional merit |
| Status |
|
| Founder | Louis XIV of France |
| Precedence | |
| Next (higher) | Order of Saint Michael |
| Equivalent | Order of Military Meritawarded to non-Catholics |
 Ribbon of the order | |
TheRoyal and Military Order of Saint Louis (French:Ordre Royal et Militaire de Saint-Louis) is adynasticorder of chivalry founded 5 April 1693[1][2] by KingLouis XIV, named afterSaint Louis (King Louis IX of France). It was intended as a reward for exceptionalofficers, notable as the first decoration that could be granted to non-nobles. By the authorities of theFrench Republic, it is considered a predecessor of theLegion of Honour, with which it shares the redribbon (though the Legion of Honour is awarded to military personnel and civilians alike).
Although officially abolished by the government authorities of theJuly Revolution in 1830 following theFrench Revolution, its activities carried on as a dynastic order of the formerly sovereign royal family. As such, it is still recognised by theInternational Commission on Orders of Chivalry.[3]
The King was theGrand Master of the order, and theDauphin was automatically a member as well. The Order had three classes:
The entire order included 8 Grand Crosses, 28 Commanders and a variable number of Knights. Officers of the Order included, after the Grand Master, aTrésorier (Treasurer), aGreffier (Registrar) and aHuissier (Gentleman Usher).
Thebadge of the order consisted of a portrait ofSaint Louis surrounded by the motto « LUD(OVICUS) M(AGNUS) IN(STITUIT) 1693 » ("Louis the Great instituted it in 1693"). The reverse features a sword interlaced with a laurel crown and a white sash, with the inscription « BELL(ICAE) VIRTUTIS PRAEM(IUM) » ("Reward of wartime valour"). Knights wore the badge suspended from a ribbon on the breast, Commanders wore a red ribband (sash) over the right shoulder, and recipients of the Grand Cross wore the ribband as well as a star on the left breast. The general assembly of the Order was held annually on 25 August, thefeast day of Saint Louis, in the residence of the King.
Conditions for being inducted did not includenobility; however,Catholic faith was mandatory, as well as at least ten years' service as acommissioned officer in the Army or the Navy. Members of the Order received a pension. Hereditary nobility was granted to a knight's son and grandsons. Another decoration, theInstitution of Military Merit (fr:Institution du mérite militaire) was created for the Protestant officers in service of the French king (mainly foreign mercenaries, as French Protestants were not tolerated at the time).
Until the death of Louis XIV, the medal was awarded to outstanding officers only, but it gradually came to be an award that most officers would receive during their career. On 1 January 1791, during theFrench Revolution, a decree changed the name todécoration militaire ("military decoration"). It was subsequently withdrawn on 15 October 1792.
One of the first acts ofLouis XVIII was to reinstate the Order of Saint Louis, using it to award officers of the Royal and Imperial armies alike. In 1830 the new kingLouis-Philippe abolished the order, which was never reinstated.
