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Theoptional referendum is areferendum which comes from a request by governmental authorities or the public. The best known types of optional referendums is thepopular initiative to request a law, and thepopular (or abrogative) referendum to repeal a law. The collection of signatures from the public is normally necessary to organize an optional referendum, but some jurisdictions allow government agencies to request for a referendum also. It is a form ofdirect democracy.
The optional referendum is in contrast to amandatory referendum in that it is a requested referendum, whereas the subject matter of a mandatory referendum is a legally required to be put to a referendum.
There are a few major types of optional referendums:
In Switzerland the popular referendum is known as afacultative referendum (German:fakultatives Referendum;French:référendum facultatif,Italian:referendum facoltativo,Romansh:referendum facultativ) It allows citizens to oppose laws voted by thefederal parliament,cantonal and/ormunicipal decrees by legislative and/or executive bodies. It also allows them to propose new laws in apopular initiative.
The popular referendum was first introduced in the cantons (e.g. in theCanton of Zurich since 1869). At federal level, the optional referendum was introduced by the Federal Constitution of 1874 (Article 74).[1]
The ratification of the Gotthard Treaty of 1909 triggered widespread protests and ultimately led to apetition being submitted. In the referendum of 1921, the optional referendum for state treaties that are valid for more than 15 years or for an indefinite period of time was then introduced.
The number of signatures required from Swiss voters for a popular referendum was initially 30,000. Due to the massive increase in the number of voters due to population growth and the introduction ofwomen's suffrage in 1971, the number was increased to 50,000 valid signatures in 1977.
In Switzerland, a cantonal referendum was held for the first and only time in 2003. It related to changes in marriage, family and housing taxation (the so-called "tax package"). The contested bill was rejected in the referendum on 16 May 2004.[2]
On a federal level avote will be organised on every law against which opponent collect 50,000 valid signatures during the period of 100 days after publication by the parliament.
A referendum can also be requested by a minimum of eightcantons, the so-calledcantonal referendum (not to be confused with a mandatory or optional referendum on a cantonal level).
| Optional referendums | 1874-1950 | 1951-1980 | 1981- Nov. 2014 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Y Accepted | 20 | 19 | 59 | 98 |
 N Rejected | 34 | 18 | 26 | 78 |
| Total | 54 | 37 | 85 | 176 |
| Source:Swiss Federal Statistical Office[3] | ||||
