Operation Samen-ol-A'emeh
Part ofIran–Iraq War,Siege of Abadan
Iranian soldiers participating the Operation Samen-ol-A'emeh
Date 27–29 September 1981 (2 days) Location Abadan,Khuzestan province, southwestIran Result Iranian victory Iraqi siege of Abadan is broken
Belligerents
Iraq	Iran
Commanders and leaders
Saddam Hussein Gen.Juwad Shitnah	Ruhollah Khomeini
Units involved
	Abuzar Brigade 77th Infantry Division of Khorasan 36th Armoured Brigade of Shiraz Navy's Takavar Battalion Separate brigades fromIRGC Local volunteers IRIAA IRIAF
Strength
50,000–60,000 troops numerous armoured vehicles 200 artillery pieces	15,000 troops(inside Abadan) 20,000–30,000 troops outside
Casualties and losses
3,000 killed 1,656 captured 90 tanks/APCs destroyed 100 vehicles destroyed 3 aircraft destroyed 1 helicopter destroyed 100 tanks, 40 APCs, 3 loaders, 150 vehicles captured[1]	3,000 killed 150 tanks destroyed 9AH-1J destroyed 2CH-47 destroyed 3Bell-214 destroyed

Operation Samen-ol-A'emeh (Persian:عملیات ثامن‌الائمه "OperationEighth Imam") was an Iranian offensive and operation in theIran–Iraq War between 27^[2]–29^[3]: 74 September 1981^[4] whereIran broke the IraqiSiege of Abadan.^[5] The operation was carried out by theIranian army joined by theIslamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.^[6]

On 22 September 1981, Iran began their first successful offensive against Iraq, in order to break the Siege of Abadan. The attack began with a diversionary operation.^[6]: 255 Acombined arms force of 30,000–40,000 troops attacked the Iraqi forces in a wide front around theKarkheh river inKhuzestan province, Iran, aiming for the road towardsBasra, Iraq. The Iranians used their regular army supported byRevolutionary Guard^[7] infantry, the former using small groups of armored vehicles with full artillery and air support (the Iranians succeeded in establishing air superiority in spite of limited numbers of aircraft and lack of spare parts). The operation convinced Iraq that Basra was under attack, consequently, they did not reinforce their troops surrounding Abadan.^[8]

Two days later, Iran began to carry out their main offensive against Abadan. During the night, the Iranians infiltrated a force of 20,000–30,000 troops across theBahmanshir River towards the Iraqi forces on the east bank of theKarun River around Abadan. The Iraqis failed to carry out adequatereconnaissance to discover the infiltration. The main attack was preceded by theIranian air force carrying out airstrikes against the Iraqi troops between the Bahmanshir and the east bank of the Karun. Due to Iranian air superiority, the Iranians drove the counterattacking Iraqi jets away.^[8]

On September 26, around midnight, the Iranian surprised the Iraqi army by attacking them from three sides.^[6]: 255 The Iraqis were pinned down in their strongest positions, while their weakest positions were torn through, resulting in the isolation of many Iraqi forces. Iraq failed to maneuver their forces against the Iranians, and they stood in their static positions. An Iranian armored battalion cut the enemy forces in two, whileAH-1J SeaCobra helicopters destroyed numerous Iraqi tanks usingTOW missiles. Meanwhile, the siege of Abadan was broken, yet many Iraqi forces remained on the east bank of the Karun River, prevented from retreating after the Iranian air force bombed the bridges across the Karun River.^[8]

The next phase of the battle came when the Iranians unleashed their92nd Armored Division on the north side of the Iraqi positions on September 27. The Iraqi command had been driven into a panic and attempted a tactical withdrawal, which turned into arout. The Iraqis abandoned their heavy weaponry, and fled across the river on a makeshiftpontoon bridge andrafts.^[9]

The victory at Abadan was an important morale booster for Iran, and an important stepping stone for the eventual ejection of the Iraqis out of Iran.^[10] As a result of the victorious operation, the critical road of Ahvaz - Abadan road was reopened, allowing logistic support and reinforcement for the troops in Abadan. With a carefully planned operation and well-executed use of their available materials, the Iranians routed a theoretically superior opponent.^[11]

After the operation, a large number of tanks and heavy vehicles were left by the Iraqi army.^[3]: 75

Saddam Hussein ordered the execution of seven commanders after the operation, including GeneralJuwad Shitnah.^[1]

• Operation Commander-in-Chief
• Siege of Abadan

• Military operations of the Iran–Iraq War in 1981
• 1980s in Khuzestan province
• History of Abadan, Iran
• Tank battles of the Iran–Iraq War
• Iranian airstrikes during the Iran–Iraq War
• Airstrikes in Iran during the Iran–Iraq War
• September 1981 in Asia

• CS1 Persian-language sources (fa)
• Articles with short description
• Short description matches Wikidata
• Articles containing Persian-language text
• Khuzestan province articles missing geocoordinate data
• All articles needing coordinates
• Articles missing coordinates without coordinates on Wikidata