Onorato I Caetani (c. 1336 – 20 April 1400) was an Italian nobleman, who was the count ofFondi from 1348 and the Great Constable of theKingdom of Naples also from 1348. He was also lord ofSermoneta,Bassiano,Marino and alsoSenator of Rome from 1384.
He was born atFondi, the son of Nicola I Caetani, lord of Sermoneta and Bassiano, and Giacoma Orsini, the daughter of Rinaldo and Giacomo Orsini of Marino. Around 1348, at Nicola's death, he inherited the county of Fondi, which was confirmed him by queenJoanna I of Naples in 1352. He thenceforth started to expand his lands in the northernKingdom of Naples and southernPapal States (what is now southernLazio). In 1356, he subduedAnagni andSezze. His power was also based on familiar ties, both with other members of his family and their feudataries, and with powerful figures such asFrancesco Del Balzo Orsini, whose sister he had married. A sister of Onorato married toStefanello Colonna.
In 1367, PopeUrban V excommunicated Caetani, who was besiegingFerentino and was forced to retreat by a papal army. He later reconciled with the papacy and was named rector ofCampagna e Marittima. He was among the noblemen who accompanied the return of PopeGregory XI to Rome in 1377. The Pope, after his stay there was stopped due to a revolt, took refuge at Caetani's court in Anagni. However, the new Pope,Urban VI, deprived him of Campagna and Marittima in 1378: in exchange, Caetani housed at Fondi the cardinals who elected a rival Pope,Clement VII, who established his residence there. On 22 November 1378, Clement restored him as rector of Campagna and Marittima, and also granted him the fiefs ofSermoneta andBassiano. In the winter of 1379, Caetani took part in the military operations of Clement's followers to capture Rome; despite their defeat, Clement awarded him 2,000florins for his help and, after the move of his court toAvignon, used Caetani's lands near Fondi as their logistic base in Italy.
This period was Caetani's apex: he defeated his rivals at Ninfa, built a fortress at Castellonorato (in the moderncomune ofFormia, 1380), reclaimed several areas of southern Lazio and distributed lands to his peasants. His power, however, started to decay afterCharles of Durazzo's invasion of southern Italy in 1381. Charles, after capturing Naples, executed Baldassarre of Brunswick, Caetani's brother-in-law and his main link with the Neapolitan court, and hired Onorato's brother Giacomo to conquer Fondi.Velletri expelled his Breton mercenaries and alsoAnagni revolted against him. Caetani however was able to resist, and was one of the supporters ofLouis I of Anjou in his attempt to capture the Kingdom of Naples. During the war between the former's successor,Louis II of Anjou andLadislaus of Durazzo, Caetani did not change sides, and remained an ally of Clement VII and his Avignonese successor,Benedict XIII. This led popeBoniface IX to excommunicate him again (3 May 1399), and a crusade was launched against Fondi. King Ladislaus attacked his lands from the south while papal troops came from the north. After losing Anagni,Sezze andCisterna, he launched a desperate assault on Rome (15 January 1400), but was defeated atPorta del Popolo.
Onorato Caetani decided to submit to Boniface IX, but died soon afterwards ofapoplexy.
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