| One Life to Live | |
|---|---|
.svg) | |
| Genre | Soap opera Drama |
| Created by | Agnes Nixon |
| Written by | Thom Racina and Jessica Klein (head writers) |
| Directed by | See below |
| Starring | List of cast members |
| Theme music composer | Snoop Lion (web series)[1] |
| Opening theme | "Brand New Start" |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 45 |
| No. of episodes | 11,136 |
| Production | |
| Executive producers | Doris Quinlan (1968–77) Joseph Stuart (1977–83) Jean Arley (1983–84) Paul Rauch (1984–91) Linda Gottlieb (1991–94) Susan Bedsow Horgan (1994–96) Maxine Levinson (1996–97) Jill Farren Phelps (1997–2001) Gary Tomlin (2001–02) Frank Valentini (2003–12) Jennifer Pepperman (2013) Jeffrey Kwatinetz (2013) Richard Frank (2013) |
| Producer | See below |
| Production locations | New York City,New York (1968–2012) Stamford, Connecticut (2013) |
| Running time | 30 minutes (1968–76; 2013) 45 minutes (1976–78) 60 minutes (1978–2012) |
| Production companies |
|
| Original release | |
| Network | ABC |
| Release | July 15, 1968 (1968-07-15) – January 13, 2012 (2012-01-13) |
| Network | The Online Network |
| Release | April 29 (2013-04-29) – August 19, 2013 (2013-08-19) |
| Related | |
| All My Children General Hospital The City Loving Port Charles | |
One Life to Live (often abbreviated asOLTL) is an Americansoap opera broadcast on theABC television network for more than 43 years, from July 15, 1968, to January 13, 2012, and then on the internet as aweb series onHulu andiTunes viaProspect Park from April 29 to August 19, 2013.[2][3][4] Created byAgnes Nixon, the series was the first daytime drama to primarily feature ethnically and socioeconomically diverse characters and consistently emphasize social issues.[2]One Life to Live was expanded from 30 minutes to 45 minutes on July 26, 1976, and then to an hour on January 16, 1978.
One Life to Live heavily focuses on the members and relationships of theLord family. ActressErika Slezak began portraying the series' protagonistVictoria Lord in March 1971[2] and played the character continuously for the rest of the show's run onABC Daytime, winning a record sixDaytime Emmy Awards for the role.[5] In 2002, the series won an Emmy forOutstanding Drama Series.[6]
On September 17, 2010,One Life to Live became the last American daytime soap opera taped inNew York City; it earned this distinction afterAs the World Turns, which had been taped in New York since its 1956 premiere, aired its final episode. No daytime serial has emanated from New York since; ABC's lone soap,General Hospital, CBS'sThe Young and the Restless andThe Bold and the Beautiful, and Peacock'sDays of Our Lives are all recorded in California and CBS's other serial,Beyond the Gates, is produced outside of Atlanta.
On April 14, 2011, ABC announced that it was cancelingOne Life to Live after nearly 43 years on the air due to low ratings.[7][8] On July 7, 2011, production companyProspect Park announced that it would continue the show as aweb series after its run on ABC,[9] but later suspended the project.[10] The show taped its final scenes for ABC on November 18, 2011, and its final episode on the network aired on January 13, 2012, with acliffhanger. On January 16, 2012, the following Monday, ABC replacedOne Life to Live with a new and short-lived talk show calledThe Revolution that aired until July 6 of the same year.
On January 7, 2013, Prospect Park resumed its plan to continueOne Life to Live as a daily 30-minute web series on Hulu and iTunes via The Online Network.[11][12] The relaunched series premiered on April 29, 2013.[13] The new series was plagued with several behind-the-scenes problems, most notably a litigation between Prospect Park and ABC regarding the misuse ofOne Life to Live characters onGeneral Hospital.[14] On September 3, 2013, Prospect Park suspended production of the series until the lawsuit with ABC was resolved.[14]
Impressed with the ratings success ofNBC'sAnother World, ABC sought outAnother World writer Nixon to create aserial for them. Though Nixon's concept for the new series was "built along the classic soap formula of a rich family and a poor family," she was "tired of the restraints imposed by theWASPy, noncontroversial nature of daytime drama."[2]One Life to Live would emphasize "the ethnic andsocioeconomic diversity" of the characters in its fictional setting.[2] Nixon would go on to createAll My Children in 1970 andLoving in 1983.
The initial main titles of the series featured the image of a roaring fireplace, a visual representation of the originally proposed title—Between Heaven and Hell—ultimately changed toOne Life to Live to avoid controversy.[15]One Life to Live's first sponsor was theColgate-Palmolive company, who also sponsoredThe Doctors. ABC bought the show from Nixon in December 1974 when they purchased all stock to her Creative Horizons, Inc. The show was originally a half-hour serial until it was expanded to 45 minutes on July 23, 1976, and to one hour on January 16, 1978.[3]
One Life to Live is set in the fictional city ofLlanview, a suburb ofPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania.[2] The show continually centers on the wealthy, White Anglo-Saxon ProtestantLord family, with the working-classPolish-AmericanWolek family, the less wealthyIrish CatholicRiley family, and the first regular African-American characters in U.S. soap operas, working-class mother and daughterSadie Gray andCarla Gray, are present at the series' inception.[2]One Life to Live has been called "the most peculiarly American of soap operas: the first serial to present a vast array of ethnic types, broad comic situations, a constant emphasis on social issues, and strong male characters."[2]
From the debut episode,One Life to Live centered on fictional characterVictoria "Viki" Lord (originated byGillian Spencer), portrayed by six-timeDaytime Emmy Award winnerErika Slezak for longer than any otherOne Life to Live series actor, from March 1971 through the series finale January 13, 2012,[2] as well as the 2013 web revival.[16] Long-suffering heroine Viki weathered love and loss, widowhood, rape, divorce, stroke and breast cancer, and was plagued bydissociative identity disorder (or DID, once known as multiple personality disorder) on and off for decades. Viki also had heart problems and received a transplant from her dying husbandBen Davidson (Mark Derwin). Featured male protagonist Dr.Larry Wolek also appeared at the debut episode and for 36 years, played from 1969 until the character's last appearance in 2004 by Emmy-nominated actorMichael Storm.
The apparent murder ofMarco Dane (Gerald Anthony) by Victoria Lord in 1979 and the ensuing prostitution storyline of Larry Wolek's wife,Karen Wolek (Judith Light), garnered widespread critical acclaim and severalDaytime Emmy Awards. The 1980s brought great ratings success with the introduction of the Buchanan family and the rise to prominence of Viki's scheming sister,Tina Lord (notably played byAndrea Evans). In the 1990s, the show introduced one of the first married interracial couples in soap operas with attorneysHank andNora Gannon (Nathan Purdee andHillary B. Smith, respectively), and the story of the involvement of Viki's estranged brother,Todd (Roger Howarth), with the rape ofMarty Saybrooke (Susan Haskell), was called "one of the show's most remembered and impactful."[17]
One Life to Live celebrated its 40th anniversary in July 2008 with the return of several former cast members[18] and by revisiting notable plot lines from its past.[19] "Deceased" characters and even creator Agnes Nixon appeared in a storyline in which Slezak's Viki dies and visits Heaven, an homage to Viki's 1987 heavenly trip.[18][19][20][21]Daytime Emmy Award nomineeAndrea Evans and others returned for a tribute toTina Lord's famous 1987 plunge over theIguazu Falls[18][19][20][21] and the 1990 royal wedding in fictional Mendorra.[22][23][24] And like the 1988 Old West storyline in which the characterClint Buchanan steps back 100 years in the past, on July 21, 2008,Robert S. Woods began an extended storyline in which his characterBo Buchanan finds himself transplanted back into his own past—specifically 1968, the year of the series' inception—witnessing the Buchanan family'sbackstory unfold.[18][19][20][25]Soap Opera Digest subsequently namedOne Life to Live their "Best Show" of 2008, calling it "the year's most compelling" series and citing a myriad of story lines the magazine found "heartbreaking," "stunning," and "gripping," as well as complimenting its risk-taking and "diverse and talented" cast.[26]
On August 4, 2009, it was announced thatOne Life to Live, which was taped inNew York City, would move from ABC Studio 17 at 56 West 66th Street to Studio 23 at 320 West 66th Street,Manhattan in early 2010. This studio was made available by the move of sister serialAll My Children to a production facility inLos Angeles, where that series began taping on January 4, 2010.[27][28] The new studio was 30% larger thanOne Life to Live's previous one, and bothOne Life to Live andAll My Children were to be taped and broadcast inhigh-definition television (HD) after their moves.[28]
On October 8, 2009, ABC announced that it had postponed the transition to HD forOne Live to Live, citing the economic climate at the time, though an ABC spokesperson stated that they "...will re-examine it next year."[29] On December 6, 2010,One Life to Live became the fifth daytime serial to broadcast in the16:9 aspect ratiowidescreen picture format but still not in true HD, afterDays of Our Lives,The Young and the Restless, and fellow ABC soap operasAll My Children andGeneral Hospital, though those series are produced in high definition.[30] ABC's picture disclaimers at the start of the program list it as being aired in "digital widescreen" rather than HD. The September 17, 2010, series ending ofAs the World Turns leftOne Life to Live as the last remaining American daytime serial being produced in theNew York metropolitan area as well as the only one produced outside theLos Angeles metropolitan area.
Rumors about a potential cancellation ofOne Life to Live arose fromTV Guide Canada in late 2009, after ABC announced that it was movingAll My Children fromNew York City toLos Angeles.[31]One Life to Live's lone presence in New York among the ABC soap operas, along its non-transition to HD and its struggling ratings, made it a program at risk of cancellation. The article fromTV Guide Canada also pointed that onceOne Life to Live is cancelled, some of the actors could be offered to join the cast ofAll My Children in Los Angeles.[31] In May 2010, rumors of possible cancellation of not onlyOne Life to Live, but this time of alsoAll My Children andGeneral Hospital, resurfaced whenWalt Disney Television officially announced that it was shutting downSoapnet, effective in 2012. After a failed attempt to giveAisha Tyler a talk show in 2009, ABC restarted auditioning a few pilot shows as candidates for its daytime lineup. At this point,All My Children had the lowest ratings so rumors began heating up in March 2011 about the show's demise, with hints thatOne Life to Live was safe for a while longer.[32] However, early in April 2011, rumors suggested that bothAll My Children andOne Life to Live were in danger of cancellation.[33]
After months of cancellation rumors, ABC announced on April 14, 2011 thatAll My Children andOne Life to Live would end their runs. ABC cited "extensive research into what today's daytime viewers want and the changing viewing patterns of the audience."[8] The network stated it was replacingOne Life to Live with a new production entitledThe Revolution, which would focus on health and lifestyles.[34] While the cancellations of both soap operas were announced on the same day,One Life to Live was to remain on the air four months longer because its replacement would not be ready until later. In response to the cancellations, vacuum cleaner manufacturerThe Hoover Company withdrew its advertising from all ABC programs out of protest.[35][36][37]
The final episode aired on January 13, 2012, with villainessAllison Perkins (Barbara Garrick) narrating her views about the people of Llanview. During the last minutes of the episode, Todd Manning (Howarth) is put under arrest for the murder of twin brotherVictor Lord, Jr. (Trevor St. John). The show ends with the discovery that Victor Lord, Jr. is still alive and has been kidnapped by Perkins. Perkins closes the 43-year-old soap opera by breaking thefourth wall by throwing aOne Life to Live script at Victor saying to him: "But why spoil what happens next. You of all people should know things are rarely what they appear". The decision to concludeOne Life to Live with an open-ended story is because the serial was supposed to continue on another network at the time the last scenes were taped (seesection below).
On the day of the final episode,The View hosted a tribute toOne Life to Live where several actors were invited includingErika Slezak,Robert S. Woods,Robin Strasser,Hillary B. Smith,Kassie DePaiva,James DePaiva,Andrea Evans,Judith Light and the show's creatorAgnes Nixon.
The departure ofOne Life to Live ended a 62-year history of daytime television soap operas taped in New York which started in 1950 with theCBS daytime dramaThe First Hundred Years.[4]
The show originally concentrated on the wealthy,White Anglo-Saxon ProtestantLord family, the less wealthySiegels (among the first attempts to showcase either aninterfaith marriage or Jewish character on daytime television), the middle-classRiley family andWolek family, and the working-class African-American mother and daughterSadie Gray andCarla Gray.[2] HeiressVictoria Lord and her extended family remained a prime focus until the series ended. Over the years many other families were introduced, most notably the Buchanan family and theCramer family, who intermarried with the Lords and also remained a fixture onOne Life to Live until its end.
Several actors performed onOne Life to Live for 20 years or more, includingErika Slezak,Michael Storm,Robert S. Woods,Philip Carey andRobin Strasser. Actors who became famous for their work on the show and who went on to greater fame with their prime time, feature film or theatre work includeLillian Hayman,Ellen Holly,Tommy Lee Jones,Al Freeman Jr.,Laurence Fishburne,Judith Light,Phylicia Rashad,Blair Underwood,Marcia Cross,Roma Downey,Mario Van Peebles,Jessica Tuck,Ryan Phillippe,Hayden Panettiere,Nathan Fillion,Renée Elise Goldsberry andTika Sumpter.
In 2002, the popularity ofantiheroTodd Manning (Roger Howarth) prompted ABC to market a rag doll of the character, complete with his signature scar.[38][39] First offered for sale on April 29, 2002, the doll was pulled on May 7, 2002, after a backlash begun whenThe Jack Myers Report "harshly criticized the network's judgment" on creating and releasing a doll based on Manning, a character who had notably been convicted of rape in 1993.[38][39][40]The New York Times later quoted then-ABC President Angela Shapiro stating, "I was insensitive and take total responsibility for it. I should have been sensitive to the history of the character and I wasn't."[38]
Shortly after receiving a March 2005GLAAD Media Award for its coverage ofLGBT issues,[41][42]One Life to Live was met with criticism when married district attorney Daniel Colson (Mark Dobies) was revealed to have murdered two people to cover up the fact that he was secretly gay.[43][44]GLAAD itself criticized the storyline "for reinforcing the idea that being gay is something to be ashamed of," whileTV Guide noted "It's hard to disagree with those who say that's a lousy representation of gay folks."[43] Executive ProducerFrank Valentini defended the story, saying, "This is a story about the harsher side of intolerance and about one man not being true to himself. There are going to be meaningful, frank discussions that come out of this."[43] Then-head writerDena Higley explained, "The number one rule of soap opera is never cut drama. Daniel being gay and keeping that a secret is a dramatic story."[43]
In June 2009, actressPatricia Mauceri (a performer on the series since 1995) was replaced in her role as Latin matriarchCarlotta Vega, reportedly after voicing personal religious objections to a planned storyline in which Carlotta would be supportive of a gay relationship.[45][46][47]
On July 7, 2011, ABC announced that it had licensed the rights toOne Life to Live andAll My Children to television, film and music production company Prospect Park, allowing both series to continue producing new first-run episodes beyond the conclusion of their television runs on ABC, with the series moving to a newHulu-style online channel currently in development by Prospect Park; as a result of the company's acquisition of the two soap operas,One Life to Live andAll My Children, would become the first soap operas to transition their first-run broadcasts from traditional television tointernet television.[9]
On September 16, 2011, executive producerFrank Valentini was retained by Prospect Park for that serial as well asAll My Children when both shows would move to The Online Network.[48] On September 28, 2011, Prospect Park confirmed thatOne Life to Live would start on itsThe Online Network internet channel in January 2012, but without specifying the exact date.[49] On September 30, 2011, it was announced that head writerRon Carlivati would be also heading to the internet version of the show.[50]
Since the agreement made between ABC and Prospect Park was not limited tointernet television and did allow forOne Life to Live to be broadcast on traditional television, there was an announcement on August 3, 2011, about a possibility ofOne Life to Live airing on acable television.[51][52] On October 5, 2011, the project to bringOne Life to Live to cable was reiterated in aNew York Times article, where it was revealed that Prospect Park planned to first air episodes on The Online Network, then make them available onvideo on demand and, then weeks later, on cable television.[53]
On November 23, 2011, Prospect Park officially suspended its plans to continue the show after its run on ABC.[10][54]Reasons given by Prospect Park included funding problems and poor negotiations with the unions representing the cast ofOne Life to Live.Writers Guild of America andAmerican Federation of Television and Radio Artists, which, respectively, represent the writer and the actors, have expressed disappointment over Prospect Park's decision.[55] Though not one of the reasons given by Prospect Park,Deadline Hollywood suggested that the company's lack of success in finding a cable network to carry the show may have been instrumental in the company's decision to not pursue the project.[56]
Despite its fruitless attempt to save the series, Prospect Park had succeeded in retaining 13 actors to sign for the online venture, compared to only two actors forAll My Children. Matriarch actressErika Slezak (Victoria Lord) was among the 13.[57] The 12 other actors wereMelissa Archer (Nathalie Buchanan),Kassie DePaiva (Blair Cramer),Michael Easton (John McBain),Shenell Edmonds (Destiny Evans),Josh Kelly (Cutter Wentworth),Ted King (Tomás Delgado),Florencia Lozano (Tea Delgado),Kelley Missal (Danielle Manning),Sean Ringgold (Shaun Evans),Andrew Trischitta (Jack Manning),Jerry verDorn (Clint Buchanan) andTuc Watkins (David Vickers).[58]
On January 7, 2013, Prospect Park made an official statement about its plans to restart production ofOne Life to Live andAll My Children asweb series.[59][60][61] The two soap operas will serve as anchor shows for The Online Network (Prospect Park's newstreaming television that was supposed to be launched during the original attempt in 2011).[59][61] Prospect Park inked deals withSAG-AFTRA andDGA.[59] ProspectPark confirmed that former coordinating producer,Jennifer Pepperman had signed on as the new executive producer for the web reboot ofOne Life to Live.[59] Creator Agnes Nixon would work as consultant for the new web series.[59] On January 13, 2013, it was confirmed thatsoap opera writersThom Racina and Susan Bedsow Horgan were named as the new Head Writers ofOne Life to Live.[62] On April 9, 2013, it was reported that Horgan citing "personal reasons" had stepped down as co-HW, leaving Racina asOLTL's sole HW.[63]
On January 22, 2013, Prospect Park released a full cast of the reboot ofOne Life to Live who signed on, which includeMelissa Archer (Natalie Buchanan),Kassie DePaiva (Blair Cramer),Josh Kelly (Cutter Wentworth),Florencia Lozano (Tea Delgado),Kelley Missal (Danielle Manning),Erika Slezak (Victoria Lord),Hillary B. Smith (Nora Buchanan),Robin Strasser (Dorian Lord),Andrew Trischitta (Jack Manning),Jerry verDorn (Clint Buchanan),Tuc Watkins (David Vickers) andRobert S. Woods (Bo Buchanan). Recurring actors who have signed on areSean Ringgold (Shaun Evans),Shenaz Treasury (Rama Patel) and Nick Choksi (Vimal Patel).[16]
Production ofOne Life to Live began on February 25, 2013[64] with taping of new episodes beginning on March 18, 2013.[65] The series premiered on April 29, 2013, at 12 p.m. Eastern[66] The revivedOne Life to Live is a 30-minute program taped inStamford, Connecticut.[64] It is available onHulu andHulu Plus as well as variousiTunes applications includingiPhone,iPad andiPod Touch.[64]
On May 17, 2013, The Online Network announced thatAll My Children andOne Life To Live would no longer air five days a week together, due to viewer ratings that have been seen as certain patterns that resemble more closely the typical patterns of online viewing rather than how one would watch traditional television. Starting May 20, 2013All My Children andOne Life to Life would be presented in a new schedule, withAll My Children airing on Mondays and Wednesdays andOne Life to Live airing Tuesdays and Thursdays. The recap showsMORE All My Children andMORE One Life To Life would also combine together as one show airing on Fridays. The following day on May 18, 2013, both shows were noticeably missing from the FX Canada website and schedule, and subsequently were available on iTunes Canada; it was later revealed that FX Canada droppedAll My Children andOne Life to Live due to the reduction of episodes, the carriage agreement called for four episodes a week of both shows. With the reduction, FX Canada has said "the agreement is no longer valid."[67][68] On May 20, 2013, the first episodes of the newAll My Children andOne Life To Live were available worldwide on The Online Network'sYouTube page,TOLNSoaps.[69]
On May 24, 2013, in a press release Prospect Park announced through Agnes Nixon that Racina would be replaced as head writer ofOne Life to Live by the then-currentscreenwriters Jessica Klein and Marin Gazzaniga.[70][71]
On June 5, 2013, due to a labor dispute with theI.A.T.S.E.All My Children andOne Life to Live were forced into an earlyhiatus with the writers, directors and editors still working; there were talks of production being moved out of state, but those plans were later shelved.[72][73] On June 20, 2013, a deal was reached between Prospect Park and the Union and taping resumed on August 12, 2013.[74] On June 25, 2013, TOLN announced that there would be a scheduling switch forOne Life to Live andAll My Children. Starting on July 1 (Monday) all episodes of the week, for both shows, would be released on Mondays.[75]
Beginning July 15, 2013,All My Children andOne Life to Live aired for a ten-week limited engagement on theOprah Winfrey Network Monday through Thursday at 1:00 p.m. and 3:00 p.m.[76]
One Life to Live's first-season finale aired on August 19, 2013.[77]
On September 3, 2013, a report from theLos Angeles Times stated thatOne Life to Live's second season was to be put on hold while Prospect Park dealt with itslawsuit against ABC overGeneral Hospital's treatment ofOne Life to Live characters loaned to the series when they crossed over in 2012.[78] In December 2016 the lawsuit was dismissed, with the rights to the series reverting to ABC.[79]
On December 1, 2011, two weeks afterOne Life to Live finished taping its final scenes,[80] ABC confirmed that former executive producerFrank Valentini and head writerRon Carlivati would assume the same roles onGeneral Hospital effective January 9, 2012.[81]
Several formerOne Life to Live actors—Kassie DePaiva,Roger Howarth,Michael Easton andKristen Alderson—moved with Valentini and Carlivati and reprised their characters onGeneral Hospital.[82] With the exception of DePaiva, all of these actors were eventually put on contract and stayed permanently with the show. On May 9, 2012,Florencia Lozano joined the cast, reprising herOne Life to Live role ofTéa Delgado in a recurring capacity.[83]
On April 18, 2013, after Prospect Park had announced they would be reviving the series, Prospect Park filed a lawsuit against ABC, alleging ABC failed to honor its part of their licensing agreement. Among the issues named in the lawsuits included ABC's alleged attempts to sabotage Prospect Park's revival of the soap by killing offOne Life to Live characters loaned toGeneral Hospital (Cole and Hope Thornhart), failure on ABC's part to consult Prospect Park on storylines involvingOne Life to Live characters (breaking up popularOne Life to Live couple John and Natalie to pair Michael Easton's John McBain with formerPort Charles love interest, Kelly Monaco's Sam Morgan, the death of Tea Delgado's baby and the subsequent switching of her baby with Sam Morgan's live baby, orchestrated by Howarth's Todd Manning), as well as claiming oneOne Life to Live character Tomas Delgado was actuallyGeneral Hospital character, Lorenzo Alcazar.[84] Effective immediately, the threeOne Life to Live characters bound to contracts with ABC were to exit the show, and the three actors who played them, Kristen Alderson, Michael Easton and Roger Howarth were rewritten back onto theGeneral Hospital canvas playing new characters, while Howarth also crossed his character of Todd back over toOne Life to Live for its inaugural season.
On September 3, 2013, Prospect Park announced that production ofOne Life to Live would be on hold until their litigation with ABC was settled.[85]
Throughout the show's history, the plot lines ofOne Life to Live have been established as existing in the samefictional universe as other ABC-owned daytime series, in particularAgnes Nixon'sAll My Children, which premiered in 1970. As noted from time to time in both series, fictional Pine Valley—the setting ofAll My Children—is located in Pennsylvania nearOne Life to Live's Llanview. Over the years, many characters havecrossover from one series to another in both short appearances and extended runs.[86] As early as 1968,General Hospital'sSteve Hardy appeared in Llanview to consult onMeredith Lord's blood disease as a means to leadGeneral Hospital viewers to the new series; similarly,One Life to Live'sDr. Larry Wolek visitedAll My Children shortly after its premiere in 1970.[86]
In 1979, when Viki Riley was on trial for the murder of Marco Dane, she was defended by Pine Valley attorney Paul Martin. Two characters that also appeared onAll My Children areSadie Gray (Lillian Hayman), when she sang for the wedding of Dr. Frank and Caroline Grant, andDelilah Ralston (Shelly Burch), when she designed a special dress to be worn byErica Kane (Susan Lucci).
In 1999,Daytime Emmy Award-winnerLinda Dano[87] returned toOne Life to Live asRae Cummings, a character she had previously played on the series from 1978 to 1980.[88][89][90] In a 2000 move of networksynergy designed to "entice viewers to tune into soap operas that they might not have usually watched," then-President ofABC Daytime Angela Shapiro orchestrated Dano's concurrent appearance asGretel on the three other ABC daytime dramas at the time—All My Children,General Hospital andPort Charles—in an extendedcrossover storyline[86] which was the first time a daytime character had ever appeared on four series.[88][91][92] Gretel's search for the child she had given up for adoption takes her toAll My Children, where she discovers in 2000 that her own birth mother is Pine Valley'sMyrtle Fargate.[93] Following clues toPort Charles andGeneral Hospital, Gretel finally finds her daughter back in Llanview onOne Life to Live:Skye Chandler, herself a formerAll My Children character who had relocated toOne Life to Live in 1999.[86] Skye's adoptedAll My Children fatherAdam Chandler appears onOne Life to Live in 2001, and Gretel initially identifies Skye's biological father asAlan Quartermaine ofGeneral Hospital. Both women subsequently appear on that series, with Skye moving toGeneral Hospital full-time in 2001 and Gretel returning toOne Life to Live until 2004, making some appearances onGeneral Hospital later in 2002 and 2003.
A December 30, 2003, visit byOne Life to Live'sPaul Cramer to his estranged secret wifeBabe Carey onAll My Children[92] ultimately leads to an extensive 2004 "baby switch" storyline which features crossovers of over 20 characters between the two series. With his sisterKelly Cramer desperate for a child to save her marriage after miscarrying her own, Paul finds himself delivering the babies of both Babe and her friendBianca Montgomery during a rainstorm and subsequent flood in nearby Pine Valley on March 24, 2004. Paul stages a crash with hismedical evacuation helicopter; he takesAJ Chandler for Kelly,[86] givesMiranda Montgomery to Babe, and tells Bianca that her baby had died in the accident. Unaware of the child's origins, Kelly brings Babe's infant back to Llanview, passing him off as her child with her husbandKevin Buchanan. Months later, Babe discovers that her daughter is really the grieving Bianca's, but remains silent and allows Paul to manipulate her. Meanwhile, a devastated Kelly discovers that Paul had stolen her son from his mother and, desperate for cash, he blackmails Kelly by threatening to reveal the secret to Kevin. Bianca's daughter is returned to her for Christmas 2004, and once Kevin learns the truth, he and Kelly return Babe's son as well in 2005.[94]
WhileOne Life to Live was off the air from February 2012 to March 2013, the characters of Todd Manning, Starr Manning and John McBain moved to the setting ofGeneral Hospital, Port Charles, New York.
After theProspect Park lawsuit was dismissed, the character ofNora Buchanan made appearances onGeneral Hospital in 2017.
| Duration | Name |
|---|---|
| July 1968 – July 1977 | Don Wallace, Doris Quinlan and Robert Gorman |
| July 1977 – August 1983 | Joseph Stuart |
| August 1983 – July 1984 | Jean Arley |
| August 1984 – June 1991 | Paul Rauch |
| September 1991 – June 1994 | Linda Gottlieb |
| July 1994 – October 1996 | Susan Bedsow Horgan |
| October 1996 – December 1997 | Maxine Levinson |
| December 1997 – January 2001 | Jill Farren Phelps |
| January 2001 – January 2003 | Gary Tomlin |
| January 2003 – January 2012 | Frank Valentini |
| April 2013 – August 2013 | Jennifer Pepperman |
| Duration | Name |
|---|---|
| July 1968 – July 1972 | Agnes Nixon Paul Roberts Don Wallace |
| August 1972 – September 1973 | Agnes Nixon Gordon Russell |
| September 1973 – October 1978 | Gordon Russell |
| November 1978 – March 1980 | Gordon Russell Sam Hall |
| March 1980 – May 1982 | Sam Hall Peggy O'Shea |
| July 1982 – January 1983 | Sam Hall Henry Slesar |
| February 1983 – June 1983 | Henry Slesar |
| June 1983 – December 1983 | John William Corrington Joyce Hooper Corrington |
| December 1983 – June 1984 | Sam Hall Peggy O'Shea |
| July 1984 – June 1987 | Peggy O'Shea |
| July 1987 – July 1990 | S. Michael Schnessel |
| September 1990 – May 1991 | Craig Carlson Leah Laiman |
| May 1991 – September 6, 1991 | Craig Carlson |
| September 9, 1991 – September 30, 1992 | Michael Malone |
| October 1, 1992 – September 1995 | Josh Griffith Michael Malone |
| September 1995 – March 1996 | Michael Malone |
| April 1996 – December 1996 | Leah Laiman Jean Passanante Peggy Sloane |
| December 1996 – Spring 1997 | Jean Passanante Peggy Sloane |
| Spring 1997 – March 29, 1998 | Claire Labine Matthew Labine |
| March 30, 1998 – December 31, 1998 | Pam Long |
| January 4, 1999 – July 15, 1999 | Jill Farren Phelps (de facto, uncredited) |
| July 16, 1999 – October 1, 1999 | Gillian Spencer (interim) |
| October 4, 1999 – November 25, 1999 | Gillian Spencer Megan McTavish |
| November 29, 1999 – May 4, 2001 | Megan McTavish |
| May 7, 2001 – December 13, 2002 | Lorraine Broderick Christopher Whitesell |
| December 16, 2002 – January 31, 2003 | |
| February 3, 2003 – March 7, 2003 | Josh Griffith |
| March 10, 2003 – March 22, 2004 | Josh Griffith Michael Malone |
| March 23, 2004 – November 24, 2004 | Michael Malone |
| November 29, 2004 – December 10, 2004 | Brian Frons Frank Valentini |
| December 13, 2004 – May 7, 2007 | Dena Higley |
| May 8, 2007 – September 10, 2007 | Dena Higley Ron Carlivati |
| September 11, 2007 – February 14, 2008 | Ron Carlivati |
| February 15, 2008 – May 1, 2008 | Gary Tomlin (2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike) |
| May 2, 2008 – January 13, 2012 | Ron Carlivati |
| April 29, 2013 – July 1, 2013 | Thom Racina Susan Bedsow Horgan |
| July 1, 2013 – July 15, 2013 | Thom Racina Susan Bedsow Horgan Jessica Klein |
| July 22, 2013 – August 19, 2013 | Thom Racina Jessica Klein |
One Life to Live and many of its actors and crew have been nominated for dozens of awards, winning on many occasions.Erika Slezak has received sixDaytime Emmy Awards for her acting, a feat tied only byAnthony Geary andJustin Deas.[5]
In 1993, the series won its firstGLAAD Media Award for its storyline on homosexuality and intolerance[95] featuring newcomerRyan Phillippe asBilly Douglas, a teenager who amidst scandal confides his homosexuality inAndrew Carpenter, played byRobert Krimmer.[96] The character is the first openly gay teenager featured in a television series,[97][98][99][100] and is considered groundbreaking in daytime television.[95][101][102][103] Thestory arc also included an on-air ceremony for theNAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt.[96][104] In 2005, the series was awarded another GLAAD Media Award for its coverage ofLGBT issues in the 2004coming out storyline of gay characterMark Solomon (Matt Cavenaugh).[41]One Life to Live won the same award again in 2010[105] for a well-publicized storyline in which police officerOliver Fish comes out and reunites with his former college boyfriend and medical school studentKyle Lewis.[46][106][107][108]
ABC cemented its reputation as a youth-oriented network in daytime with the addition ofOne Life to Live to its schedule, with much of the rest of its lineup consisting of soap operas likeDark Shadows,sitcom reruns, and game shows packaged byChuck Barris.One Life to Live replaced the short-livedThe Baby Game, in a three-way shuffle withDark Shadows andThe Dating Game. The network placed the new serial at 3:30 p.m. Eastern, againstCBS's established hitThe Edge of Night and the popularNBC gameYou Don't Say!. Despite the tough competition, the intense tone of the plot and strong characters allowed the show to get a leg up onYou Don't Say, wearing that game down to the point of its cancellation in September 1969; NBC replaced theTom Kennedy-hosted game in that time slot with three unsuccessful serials:Bright Promise,Return to Peyton Place andHow to Survive a Marriage.
One Life to Live initially enjoyed fair-to-middling ratings, but rose rapidly as it entered the 1970s, along with the rest of ABC's daytime lineup. Matters greatly improved forOne Life to Live in 1972, when CBS relocatedThe Edge of Night in response to packagerProcter & Gamble's demands. The four-year-old show topped the ratings for the first time over CBS's decliningThe Secret Storm, and later, the gameHollywood's Talking, which ran for only 13 weeks.
By 1975, NBC became a serious player in that time slot for the first time in over five years when it expanded its strong soap operaAnother World to an hour, with its second half occupying the 3:30 timeslot.One Life to Live lost a substantial audience share, but its lead-in,General Hospital, experienced even worse losses. ABC then expanded bothOne Life to Live andGeneral Hospital to 45 minutes, with each composing half of a 90-minute block between 2:30 p.m. and 4 p.m. Beginning on July 26, 1976,One Life to Live assumed the first position, at 2:30. ABC bet its hopes on viewers staying tuned past the half hour, making them unlikely to switch channels toAnother World andAll in the Family reruns on CBS (orThe Match Game in the case ofGeneral Hospital fans). This approach showed some promise, until November 7, 1977, when CBS expandedGuiding Light to an hour. AsOne Life to Live struggled, its neighborGeneral Hospital was in danger of cancellation after a 15-year run. In order to saveGeneral Hospital (which was airing at 3:15 p.m.) from cancellation, ABC expanded both soaps to an hour beginning on January 16, 1978;The $20,000 Pyramid was moved to the noon Eastern timeslot, where it remained until its run ended in June 1980. ABC contemplated an expansion ofThe Edge of Night to a full hour if either of these shows were cancelled.
General Hospital rose rapidly to the top spot in the Nielsen ratings by 1979.[122] As forOne Life to Live, from its tenth birthday onward, its competitors declined in popularity.Search for Tomorrow, for instance, spent its last several months on CBS against the last half ofOne Life to Live. Its replacement,Capitol, did little better, and after its cancellation, CBS alignedAs the World Turns againstOne Life to Live andAnother World, a configuration that stayed in place untilAnother World's cancellation in 1999. The 1980s sawOne Life to Live reach the height of its popularity, with an estimate of 9 million viewers early in the decade.[122] The show typically ranked between the second and the fourth positions in the 1980s.[122]
Since 1991,One Life to Live returned to the middle of the pack, but its numbers declined, in common with all other soap operas.[122] By the decade's end, the show rested near the bottom of the ratings pack, and it continued to hover around the lower reaches of the weekly ratings throughout the 2000s in terms of total number of viewers; however, the show tended to rank in the mid-range for the target demographic of women aged 18–49, often higher than sister showAll My Children and usually still winning its timeslot in the key demographic, well ahead of its competitors such asAs The World Turns,Another World andPassions.[123] During the 2000s (decade),One Life to Live ran about even withAs the World Turns, with NBC'sAnother World replacementPassions trailing significantly.
The 2009–2010 season was a particularly difficult year forOne Life to Live. During the week of June 28, 2010, the show ranked last among all soap operas with 2.1 million viewers, compared to 2.3 million forAs the World Turns.[124] AsOne Life to Live entered the 2010–2011 season, ratings improved, but not enough to prevent ABC from cancelling the program on April 14, 2011. After the cancellation announcement,One Life to Live began to surpassGeneral Hospital in total number of viewers, butGeneral Hospital continued to dominateOne Life to Live in several specific categories, most notably the key demographic of women between 18 and 49 years old, usually prioritized by daytime networks. By November 2011,One Life to Live had dethronedGeneral Hospital in every category. Overall,One Life to Live was the third highest rated program among the five remaining soap operas in its last season, trailingThe Young and the Restless andThe Bold and the Beautiful, but ahead ofGeneral Hospital andDays of Our Lives. The show averaged a 2.3 rating and 3.12 million daily viewers during its final week. Its final episode on January 13, 2012 drew in a 2.7 rating and 3.848 million viewers, one of the highest ratings in the history of soap opera finales.[125]
TheOne Life to Live continuation's ratings proved impressive. The first episode was the second most downloaded TV episode on iTunes and second most watched episode on Hulu, with the first place on both sites going toAll My Children which premiered the same day.[126]
The show aired onABC Daytime for the entirety of its original television run.
| Start date | End date | Time slot | Run time (minutes) |
|---|---|---|---|
| July 15, 1968 | July 23, 1976 | 3:30 p.m.(ET/PT)†/2:30 p.m.(CT) | 30 |
| July 26, 1976 | January 13, 1978 | 2:30 p.m.(ET)/1:30 p.m.(CT/PT) | 45 |
| January 16, 1978 | January 13, 2012 | 2:00 p.m.(ET)/1:00 p.m.(CT/PT) | 60 |
† From April 1, 1974 until July 23, 1976,One Life to Live aired at 2:30 p.m. in the Pacific Time Zone.
The show aired on Hulu, Hulu Plus and iTunes during its revival.
Reruns of the show aired on OWN from July 15, 2013 to September 2013.
Soapnet aired classicOne Life to Live episodes at 6:00 a.m. (5:00 a.m. CT/PT), 7:00 a.m. (6:00 a.m. CT/PT) and 8:00 a.m. (7:00 a.m. CT/PT).
Starting July 15, 2013, OWN began a ten-week trial run of bothOne Life to Live andAll My Children on its daytime lineup. Episodes ofOne Life to Live are broadcast at 1:30 p.m., followingAll My Children which airs at 1:00 p.m., Mondays through Thursdays.
