Surround view, also called asaround view orbirds-eye view, is a type ofparking assistance system that uses multiple cameras to help drivers monitor their surroundings. It was first introduced in 2007 as the "Around View Monitor"parking assistance option for theNissan Elgrand andInfiniti EX.[1]
Early vehicle parking assistant products used ultrasonicparking sensors and/or a singlerear-view camera to view and obtain distances to objects surrounding the vehicle, providing drivers with an audible alarm or rear-view video through afisheye lens. There are some drawbacks to these early products: the alarm only provides a proximity warning but not the position of the object(s) relative to the vehicle, and the rear-view camera has a limited field of view. Multiple-camera systems overcome these problems and have seen increasing availability.
In most omniview systems, there are four wide-angle cameras: one in the front of the vehicle, one in the back of the vehicle, and one each in the side-mounted rear view mirrors. The four cameras have overlapping fields of view that collectively cover the whole area around the vehicle and serve as anomnidirectional (360-degree) camera. Video from the cameras are sent to the processor, which synthesizes abird's-eye view from above the vehicle bystitching the video feeds together, correcting distortion, and transforming the perspective. In some cases, ultrasonic sensors are used in combination with the omniview system to provide distance information and highlight the relevant view that may be affected by potential obstacles.[2]
Because the bird's-eye view is a simulated perspective using camera inputs much closer to the ground, objects at ground level will appear relatively undistorted while those above the ground will appear to "lean away" from the vehicle. In addition, if the same object is captured by the overlapping fields of two cameras, it can appear to lean away in two different directions.[3]: 66
The first vehicle equipped withNissan's "Around View Monitor" was the Japanese-market Elgrand, introduced in November 2007. In America, the system was introduced one month later, as an option for theEX35 from Nissan's luxury marqueInfiniti.[4] At about the same time,Mitsubishi Motors andHonda implemented similar functionality as the "Multi-around monitor system" for theDelica[5] and "Multi-View Camera System" for theOdyssey, respectively.[6]
Third-party automotive component suppliers such asFreescale Semiconductor andContinental AG have developed and marketed modular omniview systems, the latter through the acquisition of Application Solutions Ltd. (ASL Vision).[7]
Nissan have since addedmoving object detection using the cameras, billing the system as "Intelligent Around View Monitor" (I-AVM).[8] In 2016, stuntman Paul Swift used the I-AVM system to match the world record for the tightestJ-turn in a specially-preparedNissan Juke, using a space just 18 cm (7.1 in) wider than the vehicle's length to turn it around with the windows completely blacked out.[9]
An omniview system that uses four cameras and displays a three-dimensional rendering of the vehicle and its surroundings has been proposed as a logical next step to increase the driver's awareness.[10]
