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Omar M. Yaghi

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chemist (born 1965)
Omar M. Yaghi
عمر ياغي
Yaghi in 2025
Born
Omar Mwannes Yaghi

(1965-02-09)February 9, 1965 (age 60)
Citizenship
  • Palestinian
  • Jordanian
  • Saudi
  • American
EducationHudson Valley Community College (attended)
University at Albany, SUNY (BS)
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign (MS,PhD)
Known forReticular chemistry
Metal-organic frameworks
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsChemistry
Institutions
ThesisSynthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Polyoxovanadates in Nonaqueous Media (1990)
Doctoral advisorWalter G. Klemperer
Other academic advisorsRichard H. Holm (postdoc)
WebsiteOfficial website

Omar Mwannes Yaghi (Arabic:عمر مُؤنس ياغي; born February 9, 1965) is a chemist[a] best known for developingmetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and pioneeringreticular chemistry. He was awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, shared withRichard Robson andSusumu Kitagawa, for this work.[3]

Yaghi is a University Professor and James and Neeltje Tretter Endowed Chair in Chemistry at theUniversity of California, Berkeley. He is also an affiliate scientist atLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, founding director of the Berkeley Global Science Institute, and a member of the U.S.National Academy of Sciences[4] and theGerman National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.[5][6] In January 2025, he became the seventh president of theWorld Cultural Council, an international organization promoting cultural and scientific advancement.[7]

Early life and education

[edit]

Omar Mwannes Yaghi[8] was born inAmman on February 9, 1965,[9] to aPalestinian refugee family[10][11] that had fled fromGaza during the1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight.[12][13] He grew up in a crowded household with many children, all living in a single room that also housed the family's livestock.[14] The family had limited access toclean water and no electricity.[15]

At the age of 15, encouraged by his father, he moved to the United States.[16] Although he knew little English, he began classes atHudson Valley Community College and later transferred to theState University of New York at Albany, where he completed his undergraduate degree. He pursued his graduate studies at theUniversity of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, earning his PhD in 1990 under the guidance ofWalter G. Klemperer.[17] He then served as aNational Science Foundation postdoctoral fellow atHarvard University (1990–1992) underRichard H. Holm.

In 2021, Yaghi was granted Saudi citizenship by royal decree.[2]

Academic career

[edit]

Yaghi began his academic career as an assistant professor atArizona State University (1992–1998). He then held the Robert W. Parry Professorship of Chemistry at theUniversity of Michigan (1999–2006), followed by theChristopher S. Foote Professorship of Chemistry and the Irving and Jean Stone Chair in Physical Sciences at theUniversity of California, Los Angeles (2007–2012).[18]

In 2012, he moved to theUniversity of California, Berkeley, where he is the James and Neeltje Tretter Professor of Chemistry. From 2012 to 2013, he served as the director of theMolecular Foundry at theLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He is the Founding Director of the Berkeley Global Science Institute and a co-director of theKavli Energy NanoSciences Institute, a partnership between UC Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He also co-directs the California Research Alliance byBASF and the Bakar Institute of Digital Materials for the Planet.[19]

In May 2025, the University of California Board of Regents promoted Yaghi to the rank of University Professor, the system's highest honor reserved for scholars of the highest international distinction.[20]

Research

[edit]

Reticular chemistry

[edit]
See also:Reticular materials

Yaghi is the pioneer of reticular chemistry, a field dedicated to assembling molecular building blocks into open, crystalline frameworks using strong bonds.[21][22][23]

According to the InternationalBalzan Prize Foundation, Yaghi first proposed using molecular building blocks and strong bonds to form crystalline materials in the early 1990s. At the time, the scientific community considered this idea chemically unfeasible, as such syntheses typically resulted in non-crystalline, amorphous solids. However, in 1995, Yaghi successfully crystallized metal-organic structures in which metal ions are connected by charged organic linkers, such ascarboxylates, via strong bonds. This breakthrough led to the development of a new class of materials known asmetal–organic frameworks (MOFs), marking the birth of reticular chemistry.[24]

Metal-organic frameworks

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Yaghi's most recognized work is in the design, synthesis, application, and popularization ofmetal-organic frameworks (MOFs). According to IUPAC, MOFs are a subclass ofcoordination polymers, a category first reported in 1959.[25] Earlier work included E. A. Tomic's 1965 study on the thermal stability of various coordination polymers[26] and the work of Hoskins andRichard Robson in 1989 on a 3D coordination polymer structure.[27][28] However, these early coordination polymers were typically frail, disordered structures with poorly defined properties.[29]


In the 1990s, Yaghi made three key breakthroughs that transformed fragile coordination polymers into the architecturally robust, permanently porous MOFs in use today:

  1. The crystallization of metal-organic structures using strong bonds between metal ions and charged organic linkers like carboxylates (1995).[30]
  2. The introduction of metal-carboxylate clusters as secondary building units (SBUs), which enabled robust frameworks with permanent porosity, later confirmed by gas adsorption isotherms (1998).[31]
  3. The realization of ultra-high porosity withMOF-5 (1999).[32]

The strong bonds in MOFs are fundamental to their structural robustness, ultra-high porosity, and longevity in industrial applications.

Covalent organic frameworks

[edit]
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In 2005, Omar M. Yaghi published the seminal paper oncovalent organic frameworks (COFs), reporting the first series of 2D COFs.[33] This work demonstrated the design and synthesis of COFs via condensation reactions of1,4-benzenediboronic acid [zh] (p-C6H4[B(OH)2]2) and2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene (C18H6(OH)6). Powder X-ray diffraction of the highly crystalline products—withempirical formulas(C3H2BO)6·(C9H12)1 (COF-1) andC9H4BO2 (COF-5)—revealed 2D expanded porous graphitic layers with eitherstaggered (COF-1) oreclipsed (COF-5) structures. These architectures are held together by strong covalent bonds between boron, carbon, and oxygen atoms, creating rigid porous structures with pore sizes ranging from 7 to 27ångströms. COF-1 and COF-5 exhibit high thermal stability (up to 500–600 °C), permanent porosity, and high surface areas of 711 and 1590 square meters per gram, respectively.[34]

The synthesis of 3D COFs had been hindered by longstanding practical and conceptual challenges until Yaghi's group first achieved it in 2007.[35]

Yaghi also pioneered the design and production ofzeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs). MOFs, COFs, and ZIFs are renowned for their extreme properties, such as very high surface areas (e.g.,5640 m2/g for MOF-177)[36] and very low crystalline densities (e.g.,0.17 g·cm−3 for COF-108).[37]

Molecular weaving

[edit]
Molecular weaving[38]

Yaghi pioneered the field of molecular weaving, achieving the first synthesis of a material (COF-505) woven at the atomic and molecular levels.[39][40]

He has led efforts to apply reticular materials in clean energy technologies, including hydrogen and methane storage,[41][42] carbon dioxide capture,[43][44] and harvesting water from desert air.[45]

According to aThomson Reuters analysis, Yaghi was the world's second-most-cited chemist between 2000 and 2010.[46][dead link]

Entrepreneurship

[edit]

In 2020, Yaghi founded Atoco, a California-based startup focused on commercializing his advancements in MOF and COF technologies forcarbon capture andatmospheric water harvesting.[47][48]

In 2021, he co-founded a second startup, H2MOF, which applies his discoveries in reticular chemistry to address challenges inhydrogen storage.[49]

Honors and awards

[edit]

Yaghi has received numerous international awards and medals, including theNobel Prize in Chemistry (2025), theAlbert Einstein World Award of Science (2017), theWolf Prize in Chemistry (2018), theGregori Aminoff Prize (2019), theVinFuture Prize (2022), and the Science for the Future Ernest Solvay Prize (2024). His key honors include:

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Yaghi was born intoPalestinian refugee family inAmman, Jordan. When he was 15, he moved to the United States and he received Saudi citizenship in 2021. He thus holds citizenship in Jordan, the United States[1] and Saudi Arabia.[2]

References

[edit]
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  18. ^"Wolf Prize in Chemistry: M. Fujita and O. M. Yaghi / Albrecht Kossel Prize: A. Beck-Sickinger".Angewandte Chemie International Edition.57 (13): 3287. 2018.Bibcode:2018ACIE...57.3287..doi:10.1002/anie.201802237.PMID 29504702.
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  24. ^"Omar M. Yaghi 2024 Balzan Prize for Nanoporous Materials for Environmental Applications".Fondazione Internazionale Premio Balzan. International Balzan Prize Foundation. November 22, 2024. RetrievedDecember 25, 2024.
  25. ^Kinoshita, Yukio; Matsubara, Ikuo; Higuchi, Taiichi; Saito, Yoshihiko (1959-11-01)."The Crystal Structure of Bis(adiponitrilo)copper(I) Nitrate".Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan.32 (11):1221–1226.doi:10.1246/bcsj.32.1221.ISSN 0009-2673.
  26. ^Tomic, E. A. (1965)."Thermal stability of coordination polymers".Journal of Applied Polymer Science.9 (11):3745–3752.Bibcode:1965JAPS....9.3745T.doi:10.1002/app.1965.070091121.
  27. ^Hoskins, Bernard F.; Robson, Richard (July 1989)."Infinite polymeric frameworks consisting of three dimensionally linked rod-like segments".Journal of the American Chemical Society.111 (15):5962–5964.Bibcode:1989JAChS.111.5962H.doi:10.1021/ja00197a079.ISSN 0002-7863.
  28. ^Robson, R. (2008-09-23)."Design and its limitations in the construction of bi- and poly-nuclear coordination complexes and coordination polymers (aka MOFs): a personal view".Dalton Transactions (38):5113–5131.doi:10.1039/B805617J.ISSN 1477-9234.PMID 18813362.
  29. ^"This year's Aminoff Prize goes to the founders of reticular chemistry". September 13, 2018.
  30. ^Yaghi, O. M.; Li, G.; Li, H. (1995). "Selective binding and removal of guests in a microporous metal–organic framework".Nature.378 (6558):703–706.Bibcode:1995Natur.378..703Y.doi:10.1038/378703a0.
  31. ^Li, H.; Eddaoudi, M.; Groy, T. L.; Yaghi, O. M. (1998). "Establishing Microporosity in Open Metal-Organic Frameworks: Gas Sorption Isotherms for Zn (BDC)(BDC= 1,4-Benzenedicarboxylate)".Journal of the American Chemical Society.120 (33):8571–8572.doi:10.1021/ja981669x.
  32. ^Li, H.; Eddaoudi, M.; O’Keeffee, M.; Yaghi, O. M. (1999). "Design and synthesis of an exceptionally stable and highly porous metal-organic framework".Nature.402 (6759):276–279.Bibcode:1999Natur.402..276L.doi:10.1038/46248.hdl:2027.42/62847.
  33. ^CôTé, Adrien P.; Benin, Annabelle I.; Ockwig, Nathan W.; O'Keeffe, Michael; Matzger, Adam J.; Yaghi, Omar M. (November 18, 2005)."Porous, Crystalline, Covalent Organic Frameworks".Science.310 (5751):1166–1170.Bibcode:2005Sci...310.1166C.doi:10.1126/science.1120411.PMID 16293756.
  34. ^CôTé, Adrien P.; Benin, Annabelle I.; Ockwig, Nathan W.; O'Keeffe, Michael; Matzger, Adam J.; Yaghi, Omar M. (November 18, 2005)."Porous, Crystalline, Covalent Organic Frameworks".Science.310 (5751):1166–1170.Bibcode:2005Sci...310.1166C.doi:10.1126/science.1120411.PMID 16293756.
  35. ^El-Kaderi, H. M.; Hunt, J. R.; Mendoza-Cortes, J. L.; Cote, A. P.; Taylor, R. E.; O'Keeffe, M.; Yaghi, O. M. (2007)."Designed Synthesis of 3D Covalent Organic Frameworks".Science.316 (5822):268–272.Bibcode:2007Sci...316..268E.doi:10.1126/science.1139915.PMID 17431178.S2CID 19555677.
  36. ^A.G. Wong-Foy; A.J. Matzger; O.M. Yaghi (2006). "Exceptional H2 Saturation Uptake in Microporous Metal-Organic Frameworks".Journal of the American Chemical Society.128 (11):3494–5.doi:10.1021/ja058213h.PMID 16536503.
  37. ^H.M. El-Kaderi; J.R. Hunt; J.L. Mendoza-Cortes; A.P. Côté; R.E. Taylor; M. O'Keeffe; O.M. Yaghi (2007)."Designed Synthesis of 3D Covalent Organic Frameworks"(PDF).Science.316 (5822):268–72.Bibcode:2007Sci...316..268E.doi:10.1126/science.1139915.PMID 17431178.S2CID 19555677.
  38. ^Liu, Yuzhong; Ma, Yanhang; Zhao, Yingbo; Sun, Xixi; Gándara, Felipe; Furukawa, Hiroyasu; Liu, Zheng; Zhu, Hanyu; Zhu, Chenhui; Suenaga, Kazutomo; Oleynikov, Peter; Alshammari, Ahmad S.; Zhang, Xiang; Terasaki, Osamu; Yaghi, Omar M. (2016-01-22). "Weaving of organic threads into a crystalline covalent organic framework".Science.351 (6271):365–369.Bibcode:2016Sci...351..365L.doi:10.1126/science.aad4011.ISSN 1095-9203.PMID 26798010.
  39. ^" Weaving of organic threads into a crystalline covalent organic framework ",Science (journal), Retrieved on 16 June 2019.
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  51. ^"Sacconi Medal".www.cerm.unifi.it. Retrieved2024-05-10.
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  64. ^"Professor Omar M. Yaghi wins 2017 Japan Society of Coordination Chemistry International Award | College of Chemistry".chemistry.berkeley.edu. Retrieved2024-05-10.
  65. ^"Bailar Medalists (Lecturers) | Chemistry at Illinois".chemistry.illinois.edu. Retrieved2024-05-10.
  66. ^"Laureates".www.kfas.org. Retrieved2024-05-10.
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  70. ^"World Economic Forum". 2024-05-10.
  71. ^"PSIPW Announces Winners for 8th Award at UNISPACE+50".Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water.
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  74. ^"Winners of 'MBR Medal for Scientific Excellence' Honoured".mbrf.ae. Retrieved2024-05-10.
  75. ^"Sixth Nano Research Award presented to Xinhe Bao and Omar M. Yaghi | College of Chemistry".chemistry.berkeley.edu. Retrieved2024-05-10.
  76. ^"August Wilhelm von Hofmann Commemorative Coin | Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker e.V."en.gdch.de. Retrieved2024-05-10.
  77. ^"Omar Yaghi receives 2020 Royal Society of Chemistry award | College of Chemistry".chemistry.berkeley.edu. Retrieved2024-05-10.
  78. ^"Solvay Institutes".www.solvayinstitutes.be. Retrieved2024-05-10.
  79. ^"Gerhard Ertl Lecture".www.fhi.mpg.de. Retrieved2024-05-10.
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  81. ^"Omar Yaghi awarded the Wilhelm Exner medal | College of Chemistry".chemistry.berkeley.edu. Retrieved2024-05-10.
  82. ^"Syensqo awards its €300k Ernest Solvay Prize to Omar Yaghi".Syensqo. 2024-01-19. Retrieved2024-05-10.
  83. ^Shan, Shelley."Omar Yanghi named Tang Prize winner".Taipei Times. Retrieved18 June 2024.
  84. ^Chang, Hsin-yu; Hsiao, Alison (18 June 2024)."TANG PRIZE/Pioneering chemist contributes to sustainability with 'Lego building'". Central News Agency. Retrieved18 June 2024.
  85. ^"2024 Ullyot Public Affairs Lecturer: Omar Yaghi | Science History Institute".sciencehistory.org. Retrieved2024-09-09.
  86. ^"THE 2024 BALZAN PRIZEWINNERS | International Balzan Prize Foundation".balzan.org. 9 September 2024. Retrieved2024-09-09.
  87. ^"Jordanian scientist Omar Yaghi named 'Great Arab Minds' winner in natural sciences | GULF NEWS". 23 December 2024. Retrieved2024-12-24.
  88. ^"Omar M. Yaghi Receives the 2025 IUPAC-Soong Prize | The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)". 7 April 2025. Retrieved2025-04-07.
  89. ^"Princeton awards six honorary degrees | Princeton University News". Retrieved2025-05-27.
  90. ^" Our President ",World Cultural Council, Retrieved on 25 July 2025.
  91. ^" Omar M. Yaghi to receive 2025 Von Hippel Award, the Materials Research Society’s highest honor ",Materials Research Society, Retrieved on 30 September 2025.
  92. ^"Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2025".NobelPrize.org. Retrieved2025-10-08.

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